Genetic characterization and pathogenicity in a mouse model of newly isolated bat-originated mammalian orthoreovirus in South Korea

Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. In the present study, we isolated a novel Mammalian orthoreovirus from the intestine of a microbat (Myotis aurascens) and investigated its biological and pathological characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new isolate was serotype 2, sharing the segments with those from different hosts. Our results showed that it can infect a wide range of cell lines from different mammalian species, including human, swine, and non-human primate cell lines. Additionally, media containing trypsin, yeast extract, and tryptose phosphate broth promoted virus propagation in primate cell lines and most human cell lines, but not in A549 and porcine cell lines. Mice infected with this strain via the intranasal route, but not via the oral route, exhibited weight loss and respiratory distress. The virus is distributed in a broad range of organs and causes lung damage. In vitro and in vivo experiments also suggested that the new virus could be a neurotropic infectious strain that can infect a neuroblastoma cell line and replicate in the brains of infected mice. Additionally, it caused a delayed immune response, as indicated by the high expression levels of cytokines and chemokines only at 14 days post-infection (dpi). These data provide an important understanding of the genetics and pathogenicity of mammalian orthoreoviruses in bats at risk of spillover infections.IMPORTANCEMammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) have a broad range of hosts and can cause serious respiratory and gastroenteritis diseases in humans and livestock. Some strains infect the central nervous system, causing severe encephalitis. In this study, we identified BatMRV2/SNU1/Korea/2021, a reassortment of MRV serotype 2, isolated from bats with broad tissue tropism, including the neurological system. In addition, it has been shown to cause respiratory syndrome in mouse models. The given data will provide more evidence of the risk of mammalian orthoreovirus transmission from wildlife to various animal species and the sources of spillover infections.

Acute kidney injury after open ventral hernia repair: an analysis of the 2005-2012 ACS-NSQIP datasets

PURPOSE

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious postoperative complication, negatively impacting mortality rates, extending length of stay, and raising hospital costs. The purpose of this study was to examine AKI following open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) using a large, heterogeneous database to determine the incidence and identify risk factors for this complication.

METHODS

Using the 2005-2012 ACS-NSQIP database, patients undergoing open ventral hernia repair were identified by CPT codes. Patients with acute kidney injury within 30 days of surgery were compared to controls by multivariate logistic regression across preoperative and intraoperative characteristics.

RESULTS

Of 48,629 open ventral hernia repair patients identified in the dataset, AKI developed in 1.4% (681 patients). Multivariate logistic regression determined a number of factors associated with AKI. These include WHO Class III obesity (OR = 2.57, p < 0.001), history of cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.81, p < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.29, p = 0.028), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 1.42, p = 0.004), and chronic kidney disease (for a baseline GFR of 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2, OR = 1.62, p = 0.001; for 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2, OR = 2.25, p < 0.001; for 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2, OR = 4.96, p < 0.001). Intraoperative factors include prolonged operative time (for ≥1 SD above the mean, OR = 1.68, p = 0.002; for ≥2SD above the mean, OR = 2.76, p < 0.001) and intraoperative transfusion (OR = 2.44, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with a history of obesity, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular history, diabetes, and hypoalbuminemia are at increased risk for AKI when undergoing OVHR. Intraoperative variables such as prolonged operative times and blood transfusions may also suggest increased risk. Preoperative identification of patients with these characteristics and perioperative hemodynamic stabilization are important first steps to minimize this complication.