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Sim JH, Kwon J, Chae H, Kim SB, Cho H, Lee W, Kim SH, Byun CW, Hahn S, Park DH, Yoo S. OLED catheters for inner-body phototherapy: A case of type 2 diabetes mellitus improved via duodenal photobiomodulation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh8619. [PMID: 37656783 PMCID: PMC10854432 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapeutics has shown promise in treating various diseases without surgical or drug interventions. However, it is challenging to use it in inner-body applications due to the limited light penetration depth through the skin. Therefore, we propose an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) catheter as an effective photobiomodulation (PBM) platform useful for tubular organs such as duodenums. A fully encapsulated highly flexible OLED is mounted over a round columnar structure, producing axially uniform illumination without local hotspots. The biocompatible and airtight OLED catheter can operate in aqueous environments for extended periods, meeting the essential requirements for inner-body medical applications. In a diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model, the red OLED catheter delivering 798 mJ of energy is shown to reduce hyperglycemia and insulin resistance compared to the sham group. Results are further supported by the subdued liver fibrosis, illustrating the immense potential of the OLED-catheter-based internal PBM for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other diseases yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Sim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kwon
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwook Chae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Cho
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Won Byun
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangin Hahn
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Kang H, Hwang Y, Kang CM, Kim JY, Joo CW, Shin JW, Sim S, Cho H, Ahn DH, Cho NS, Youn HM, An YJ, Kim JS, Byun CW, Lee H. Investigating the electrical crosstalk effect between pixels in high-resolution organic light-emitting diode microdisplays. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14070. [PMID: 37640762 PMCID: PMC10462745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays have received great attention owing to their excellent performance for augmented reality/virtual reality devices applications. However, high pixel density of OLED microdisplay causes electrical crosstalk, resulting in color distortion. This study investigated the current crosstalk ratio and changes in the color gamut caused by electrical crosstalk between sub-pixels in high-resolution full-color OLED microdisplays. A pixel structure of 3147 pixels per inch (PPI) with four sub-pixels and a single-stack white OLED with red, green, and blue color filters were used for the electrical crosstalk simulation. The results showed that the sheet resistance of the top and bottom electrodes of OLEDs rarely affected the electrical crosstalk. However, the current crosstalk ratio increased dramatically and the color gamut decreased as the sheet resistance of the common organic layer decreased. Furthermore, the color gamut of the OLED microdisplay decreased as the pixel density of the panel increased from 200 to 5000 PPI. Additionally, we fabricated a sub-pixel circuit to measure the electrical crosstalk current using a 3147 PPI scale multi-finger-type pixel structure and compared it with the simulation result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Kang
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woong Joo
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Shin
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Sim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Cho
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Ahn
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sung Cho
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoc Min Youn
- DONGJIN SEMICHEM CO., LTD, Hwaseong, 18635, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae An
- DONGJIN SEMICHEM CO., LTD, Hwaseong, 18635, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun Kim
- DONGJIN SEMICHEM CO., LTD, Hwaseong, 18635, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Won Byun
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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Sim S, Ryu J, Ahn DH, Cho H, Kang CM, Shin JW, Joo CW, Kim GH, Byun CW, Cho NS, Youn HM, An YJ, Kim JS, Jung H, Lee H. Color gamut change by optical crosstalk in high-resolution organic light-emitting diode microdisplays. Opt Express 2022; 30:24155-24165. [PMID: 36225082 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the color gamut change by optical crosstalk between sub-pixels in high-resolution full-color organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays was numerically investigated. The color gamut of the OLED microdisplay decreased dramatically as the pixel density of the panel increased from 100 pixels per inch (PPI) to 3000 PPI. In addition, the increase in thickness of the passivation layer between the bottom electrode and the top color filter results in a decrease in the color gamut. We also calculated the color gamut change depending on the pixel structures in the practical OLED microdisplay panel, which had an aspect ratio of 32:9 and a pixel density of 2,490 PPI. The fence angle and height, refractive index of the passivation layer, black matrix width, and white OLED device structure affect the color gamut of the OLED microdisplay panel because of the optical crosstalk effect.
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Kwon BH, Joo CW, Cho H, Kang CM, Yang JH, Shin JW, Kim GH, Choi S, Nam S, Kim K, Byun CW, Cho NS, Kim S. Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Thin-Film Encapsulation Using Inkjet Printing and PEALD for Industrial Large-Area Process Suitability and Flexible OLED Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:55391-55402. [PMID: 34758613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present herein the first report of organic/inorganic hybrid thin-film encapsulation (TFE) developed as an encapsulation process for mass production in the display industry. The proposed method was applied to fabricate a top-emitting organic light-emitting device (TEOLED). The organic/inorganic hybrid TFE has a 1.5 dyad structure and was fabricated using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and inkjet printing (IJP) processes that can be applied to mass production operations in the industry. Currently, industries use inorganic thin films such as SiNx and SiOxNy fabricated through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), which results in film thickness >1 μm; however, in the present work, an Al2O3 inorganic thin film with a thickness of 30 nm was successfully fabricated using ALD. Furthermore, to decouple the crack propagation between the adjacent Al2O3 thin films, an acrylate-based polymer layer was printed between these layers using IJP to finally obtain the 1.5 dyad hybrid TFE. The proposed method can be applied to optoelectronic devices with various form factors such as rollables and stretchable displays. The hybrid TFE developed in this study has a transmittance of 95% or more in the entire visible light region and a very low surface roughness of less than 1 nm. In addition, the measurement of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) using commercial MOCON equipment yielded a value of 5 × 10-5 gm-2 day-1 (37.8 °C and 100% RH) or less, approaching the limit of the measuring equipment. The TFE was applied to TEOLEDs and the improvement in optical properties of the device was demonstrated. The OLED panel was manufactured and operated stably, showing excellent consistency even in the actual display manufacturing process. The panel operated normally even after 363 days in air. The proposed organic/inorganic hybrid encapsulant manufacturing process is applicable to the display industry and this study provides basic guidelines that can serve as a foothold for the development of various technologies in academia and industry alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Hwa Kwon
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woong Joo
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Cho
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Kang
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Yang
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Shin
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Heon Kim
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Choi
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooji Nam
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Kukjoo Kim
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Won Byun
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sung Cho
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Kim
- Reality Device Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Cho H, Byun CW, Han JH, Kwon BH, Choi S, Lee J, Cho NS. Color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes with vertically stacked blue, green, and red colors for lighting and display applications. Opt Express 2018; 26:18351-18361. [PMID: 30114016 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate independently and simultaneously controlled color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with vertically stacked blue, green, and red elements. The blue, green, and red elements were placed at the bottom, middle, and top positions, respectively, forming color-tunable OLEDs. The independently driven blue, green, and red elements in the color-tunable OLEDs exhibited low driving voltages of 5.3 V, 3.0 V, and 4.6 V, as well as high external quantum efficiencies of 11.1%, 10.9%, and 9.6%, respectively, at approximately 1000 cd/m2. Each element in the color-tunable OLEDs showed high-purity blue, green, and red colors with little parasitic emission owing to the delicately designed device structure resultant from optical simulations. The color-tunable OLEDs could produce any colors inside the triangle formed with blue (0.136, 0.261), green (0.246, 0.697), and red (0.614, 0.386) Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) 1931 color coordinates. In addition, the correlated color temperatures (CCTs) of white colors in the color-tunable OLED can be easily changed from the warm white to the cool white by controlling the red, green, and blue emissions simultaneously. The white colors in the color-tunable OLED have the CIE 1931 color coordinate of (0.304, 0.351), with a CCT of 6289 K and (0.504, 0.440), with a CCT of 2407K at the driving voltage of 5 V (blue), 2.8 V (green), 4.4 V (red), and 4.6 V (blue), 3 V (green), 5 V (red), respectively. Furthermore, the white color in the color-tunable OLED exhibited a high color rendering index (~88.7) due to vertically stacked three color system. Moreover, we successfully fabricated a large-sized, 14 × 12 pixel array of the color-tunable OLEDs to demonstrate lighting and display applications, respectively.
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Ahn SD, Kang SY, Cho SH, Yang JH, Lee H, Na BS, Koo JB, Park CW, Byun CW, Kwon BH, Cho NS, Hwang CS, Lee JI. 5-2: Invited Paper
: Ultrathin Stretchable Oxide Thin Film Transistor and Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sdtp.11571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Deok Ahn
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Seung-Youl Kang
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Sung-Haeng Cho
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Yang
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Lee
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Bock-Soon Na
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jae-Bon Koo
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Chan-Woo Park
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Chun-Won Byun
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Byoung-Hwa Kwon
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Nam-Sung Cho
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Chi-Sun Hwang
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jeong-Ik Lee
- Reality Device Research Division; ICT Materials & Components & Research Laboratory, Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon Korea
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