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Innstrand ST, Banks C, Maslach C, Lowenstein C. Healthy universities: Exploring the relationship between psychosocial needs and work-related health among university employees. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2023.2194026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Doughty JL, Ferns H, Taylor-Weetman K, Allbutt J, Breeze L, Brown G, Bedwell A, Banks C. Dental Public Health in Action: Delivering a domestic violence and abuse screening and identification training programme in North Staffordshire-based dental practices. Community Dent Health 2023; 40:3-8. [PMID: 36696477 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00153doughty06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a significant public health problem both globally and in the UK. Dental professionals are aptly place to detect the signs of DVA and support patients to disclose DVA. However, dental professionals may lack confidence to identify and refer patients experiencing DVA; training needs in these areas were identified in Staffordshire. Glow DVA charity and the local Dental Public Health teams worked collaboratively to develop DVA training and resources specific to the needs to the dental team; these were provided to participating dental practices in the North-Staffordshire region. Feedback from the training was positive and the training was refined to better meet the needs of the dental team.mKey challenges included obtaining dental team buy in, securing funding for the continuation of the initiative and minimising the disruption to the dental team when attending training sessions or when managing a DVA disclosure. The implementation of the training highlighted the importance of DVA champions within the third sector organisations to develop and evolve the project, within dental practices to support implementation, and within the local Dental Public Health team to facilitate dental team buy-in and sustained engagement. Future plans include developing the patient-facing resources, finding ways to formally accredit dental teams for taking part in the DVA programme, and evaluating the impact of the training programme on DVA screening, identification and referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Doughty
- Pathway Charity, University College London Hospitals, UK
| | | | | | - J Allbutt
- Community Dental Service Oral Health Improvement Team, Shropshire Community Health NHS Trust, UK
| | - L Breeze
- General Dental Practice, Wolstanton Dental and Implant Centre, UK
| | - G Brown
- General Dental Practice, Meir Heath Dental Surgery, UK
| | - A Bedwell
- General Dental Practice, St Edward Street Dental Practice, UK
| | - C Banks
- General Dental Practice, Shelton Dental Centre, UK
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Champion A, Murugiah D, Harris A, Banks C, Bossy M, Alexakis C. The provision of parenteral nutrition for patients with COVID-19 on the intensive care unit: experience at a district general hospital. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022. [PMCID: PMC8937576 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Banks C, Priebe S. Scales for assessing the therapeutic milieu in psychiatric inpatient settings: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 66:44-50. [PMID: 32659464 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The therapeutic milieu is widely regarded as an important factor influencing experiences and outcomes of psychiatric inpatient treatment. Appropriate scales are needed to assess the milieu. The aim of this review is to identify and describe scales established for that purpose. METHOD A systematic search of electronic databases was carried out. Scales used in two or more studies were identified, and data was extracted on key characteristics. RESULTS Scales for assessing the therapeutic milieu were used in 78 studies. Five scales were identified that were used more than once. Four scales originate from 1964 to 1986, one was originally published in 2008. The Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS) is the most frequently used scale and its psychometric properties have been reported as good. When tested alongside each other, the scales are weakly to moderately correlated. CONCLUSIONS Few scales have been established to assess the therapeutic milieu. All scales capture aspects of relationships on the wards. The most commonly used scale (WAS) has 100 items and was developed more than 50 years ago. Given the changes in the practice of inpatient care over the last 50 years, new, briefer and psychometrically robust scales should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Banks
- Acute Psychology Department, Newham Centre for Mental Health, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Glen Road, London, UK.
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Langton D, Sloan G, Banks C, Bennetts K, Plummer V, Thien F. Bronchial thermoplasty increases airway volume measured by functional respiratory imaging. Respir Res 2019; 20:157. [PMID: 31311604 PMCID: PMC6636001 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to use CT scanning with computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the mechanisms by which Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) improves asthmatic symptoms. METHODS The study was conducted in a university teaching hospital, experienced in performing BT. Imaging studies were performed before, and after, BT of the left lung, and prior to treatment of the right lung, which therefore acted as a control. On each occasion, two high-resolution CT scans were performed, one at full inspiration (TLC) and the other at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC). The study protocol was offered to 10 patients, all of whom met the definition of severe asthma, despite high dose inhaled corticosteroids and dual long acting bronchodilators. RESULTS Significant increases in airway luminal volume were observed on the treated side, compared with control, at both full inspiration (by 27%) and at FRC (by 17%). The ratio of distal airway volume to lung volume significantly increased on the treated side. The change in airway volume with inspiration from FRC increased by 48% on the treated side compared to 5% in the control lung, suggesting treatment increased airway distensibility. No effect was observed on airway wall thickness, nor air trapping. There was a trend towards correlation between the improvement in airway volume at TLC and improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that BT increases the luminal airway volume on the treated side compared to the control lung. We suggest that this is an important link between the airway smooth muscle atrophy demonstrated pathologically, and the improvement in symptoms observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
| | - G Sloan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Vic, Australia
| | - C Banks
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - K Bennetts
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - V Plummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - F Thien
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Vic, Australia
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Carillo CA, Menkin JA, Kye H, Trejo L, Banks C, Vozar ND, Herrera-Venson A, Sarkisian CA. AGING MASTERY PROGRAM® IN URBAN, LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS OF LOS ANGELES: QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL TRIAL RESEARCH RESULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C A Carillo
- Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, La Puente, California, United States
| | - J A Menkin
- Division of Geriatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10945 Le Conte Ave Suite 2339,Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - H Kye
- National Council on Aging, 251 1 8 th Street South, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 222202
| | - L Trejo
- General Manager, City of Los Angeles Department of Aging, 221 N Figueroa St #500, Los Angeles, CA 90012
| | - C Banks
- Director of Los Angeles County Workforce Development Aging and Community Services, 3175 West 6 th Street, Los Angeles, Ca 90020
| | - N D Vozar
- Division of Geriatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10945 Le Conte Ave Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - A Herrera-Venson
- National Council on Aging, 251 18th Street South, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 222202
| | - C A Sarkisian
- Division of Geriatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10945 Le Conte Ave Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
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Murray H, Banks C, Murdoch H. THRIVE and facemask condensation. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:913-914. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Murray
- Gloucester Royal Hospital; Gloucester UK
| | - C. Banks
- Gloucester Royal Hospital; Gloucester UK
| | - H. Murdoch
- Gloucester Royal Hospital; Gloucester UK
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Amati F, Banks C, Greenfield G, Green J. Predictors of outcomes for patients with common mental health disorders receiving psychological therapies in community settings: a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017; 40:e375-e387. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Amati
- NIHR CLAHRC NWL, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Banks
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Training and Education, School of Public Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G Greenfield
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Green
- CNWL NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Lead at NIHR CLAHRC NWL, London, UK
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Szakmany T, Pugh R, Kopczynska M, Lundin RM, Sharif B, Morgan P, Ellis G, Abreu J, Kulikouskaya S, Bashir K, Galloway L, Al-Hassan H, Grother T, McNulty P, Seal ST, Cains A, Vreugdenhil M, Abdimalik M, Dennehey N, Evans G, Whitaker J, Beasant E, Hall C, Lazarou M, Vanderpump CV, Harding K, Duffy L, Guerrier Sadler A, Keeling R, Banks C, Ng SWY, Heng SY, Thomas D, Puw EW, Otahal I, Battle C, Minik O, Lyons RA, Hall JE. Defining sepsis on the wards: results of a multi-centre point-prevalence study comparing two sepsis definitions. Anaesthesia 2017; 73:195-204. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Szakmany
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
- Anaesthetic Directorate; Aneurin Bevan University Health Board; Royal Gwent Hospital; Newport Gwent UK
| | - R. Pugh
- Anaesthetic Department; Glan Clywdd Hospital; Betsi Cadwaladar University Health Board; Bodelwyddan Rhyl UK
| | - M. Kopczynska
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - R. M. Lundin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - B. Sharif
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - P. Morgan
- Critical Care Directorate; University Hospital of Wales; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - G. Ellis
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
- Critical Care Directorate; University Hospital of Wales; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - J. Abreu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. Kulikouskaya
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - K. Bashir
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - L. Galloway
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - H. Al-Hassan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - T. Grother
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - P. McNulty
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. T. Seal
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - A. Cains
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - M. Vreugdenhil
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - M. Abdimalik
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - N. Dennehey
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - G. Evans
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - J. Whitaker
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - E. Beasant
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - C. Hall
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - M. Lazarou
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - C. V. Vanderpump
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - K. Harding
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - L. Duffy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - A. Guerrier Sadler
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - R. Keeling
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - C. Banks
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. W. Y. Ng
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. Y. Heng
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - D. Thomas
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - E. W. Puw
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - I. Otahal
- Anaesthetic Department; Glangwili General Hospital; Hywel Dda University Health Board; Carmarthen UK
| | - C. Battle
- Critical Care Directorate; Morriston Hospital; Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board; Heol Maes Eglwys; Swansea UK
| | - O. Minik
- ACT Directorate; Royal Glamorgan Hospital; Cwm Taf University Health Board; Ynysmaerdy Llantrisant UK
| | - R. A. Lyons
- Farr Institute; Data Science Building; Swansea University Medical School; Swansea UK
| | - J. E. Hall
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
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Banks C, Rawaf S, Hassounah S. Factors influencing the tobacco control policy process in Egypt and Iran: a scoping review. Glob Health Res Policy 2017; 2:19. [PMID: 29202087 PMCID: PMC5683450 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-017-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco control policy is essential for addressing the growing tobacco consumption seen in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, the single greatest preventable contributor to the non-communicable disease epidemic. Egypt and Iran have had varied success in using policy to combat this issue. The study aims to identify and compare the factors which have influenced different stages of the policy process - evidence generation, development and implementation. METHODS A scoping review was conducted with a systematic search of 7 databases which was conducted along with searches of Google Scholar, and the World Health Organisation and Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office websites to identify influencing factors at each stage of the policy process. RESULTS Twenty-seven relevant articles were identified from the literature search. Factors identified as influencing tobacco control policy in these countries were lobbying by the tobacco industry, the rise of water-pipe smoking, lack of political commitment and the lack of resources to for policy implementation. Iran was found to be leading Egypt on all three areas of the policy process. Implementation was found to be the most pivotal part of the policy process and the area in which Egypt was weakest compared to Iran. CONCLUSION This study addresses a gap in knowledge concerning tobacco control in the Middle East and has identified multiple factors which are potentially slowing the process of enforcing policy to address tobacco consumption. Iran is the regional leader for tobacco control and it is important for Egypt to assess the transferability of its tactics and immediately start implementing measures to control tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Banks
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education & Training, Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, 3rd Floor, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan’s Road, London, W6 8RF UK
| | - S. Rawaf
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education & Training, Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, 3rd Floor, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan’s Road, London, W6 8RF UK
| | - S. Hassounah
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education & Training, Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, 3rd Floor, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan’s Road, London, W6 8RF UK
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Squires B, Lowry R, Banks C. Utilizing Zoos Victoria's Connect-Understand-Act model to enable social and biological gains in northern Kenya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/izy.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Squires
- Zoos Victoria; Wildlife Conservation and Science; PO Box 74 Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - R. Lowry
- Zoos Victoria; Wildlife Conservation and Science; PO Box 74 Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - C. Banks
- Zoos Victoria; Wildlife Conservation and Science; PO Box 74 Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
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Orfanos S, Banks C, Priebe S. Are Group Psychotherapeutic Treatments Effective for Patients with Schizophrenia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychother Psychosom 2015; 84:241-9. [PMID: 26022543 DOI: 10.1159/000377705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different psychotherapeutic treatments for schizophrenia are delivered in groups. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these group therapies for people with schizophrenia across different treatments with varying therapeutic orientations. This review aimed to (1) estimate the effect of different group psychotherapeutic treatments for schizophrenia and (2) explore whether any overall 'group effect' is moderated by treatment intensity, diagnostic homogeneity and therapeutic orientation. METHODS A systematic search of randomised controlled trials exploring the effectiveness of group psychotherapeutic treatments for people with schizophrenia was conducted. Random-effect meta-analyses on endpoint symptom scores compared group psychotherapeutic treatments with treatment as usual and active sham groups. Findings on social functioning were described narratively, and meta-regression analyses on group characteristics were carried out. RESULTS Thirty-four eligible trials were included. A weak-to-moderate significant between-group difference in favour of group psychotherapeutic treatments was found for negative symptom scores (standard mean difference = -0.37, 95% confidence interval -0.60, -0.14; p < 0.01, I(2) = 59.8%) only when compared to treatment as usual and not to active sham groups. Improved social functioning was reported as a treatment outcome in the majority of studies compared to treatment as usual. The 'group effect' on negative symptoms was positively related to 'treatment intensity' (β = 0.32, standard error = 0.121; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Group psychotherapeutic treatments can improve negative symptoms and social functioning deficits in the treatment of schizophrenia. The effect occurs across different treatments and appears to be non-specific. Future research should identify the underlying mechanisms for the positive effect of participating in groups and explore how they can be maximised to increase the therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Orfanos
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Furyk J, Velusamy K, Banks C, Jones L. 319 Systematic Review: Tamsulosin in the Management of Distal Ureteric Colic. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Alexakis C, Malcolm L, Banks C. Central venous catheter associated sepsis in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: experience at a district general hospital. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e181-e182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aloysius I, Amin K, Alexakis C, Wong C, Roberts K, Mathews K, Banks C. PEG insertions at Royal Surrey County Hospital (RSCH): Audit of mortality. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Valenti E, Banks C, Calcedo-Barba A, Bensimon CM, Hoffmann KM, Pelto-Piri V, Jurin T, Mendoza OM, Mundt AP, Rugkåsa J, Tubini J, Priebe S. Informal coercion in psychiatry: a focus group study of attitudes and experiences of mental health professionals in ten countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:1297-308. [PMID: 25720809 PMCID: PMC7521205 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whilst formal coercion in psychiatry is regulated by legislation, other interventions that are often referred to as informal coercion are less regulated. It remains unclear to what extent these interventions are, and how they are used, in mental healthcare. This paper aims to identify the attitudes and experiences of mental health professionals towards the use of informal coercion across countries with differing sociocultural contexts. METHOD Focus groups with mental health professionals were conducted in ten countries with different sociocultural contexts (Canada, Chile, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom). RESULTS Five common themes were identified: (a) a belief that informal coercion is effective; (b) an often uncomfortable feeling using it; (c) an explicit as well as (d) implicit dissonance between attitudes and practice-with wider use of informal coercion than is thought right in theory; (e) a link to principles of paternalism and responsibility versus respect for the patient's autonomy. CONCLUSIONS A disapproval of informal coercion in theory is often overridden in practice. This dissonance occurs across different sociocultural contexts, tends to make professionals feel uneasy, and requires more debate and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Valenti
- Department of Medical Specialties, Psychology and Pedagogy Applied, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Campus Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms are a core component of schizophrenia which can severely impact quality of life and functional outcomes. These symptoms are understood to be highly stable but this has not been tested in a meta-analysis, despite the wealth of longitudinal data available. METHOD A systematic review of the literature was conducted, with eligible studies pooled into a random-effects meta-analysis. Planned meta-regressions were conducted to evaluate the impact of factors known to induce secondary negative symptoms, in addition to other possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS The main analysis included 89 samples from 41 studies, totalling 5944 participants. Negative symptoms were found to significantly reduce in all treatment interventions, including in placebo and treatment as usual conditions, with a medium effect size (ES) present across all study conditions (ES = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.77, I(2) = 94.0%). In a multivariate meta-regression, only the type of scale used was found to significantly influence negative symptom change. No difference in outcome was found between studies that excluded patients with a high level of positive or depressive symptoms, compared to those that did not. CONCLUSIONS Negative symptoms were found to reduce in almost all schizophrenia outpatient samples. A reduction was found across all conditions, with effect sizes ranging from small to large depending upon the condition type. These findings challenge the convention that negative symptoms are highly stable and suggest that they may improve to a greater extent than what has previously been assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Savill
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
| | - C Banks
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
| | - H Khanom
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
| | - S Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
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Jones C, Wells E, Meehan C, Trouncer R, Banks C. EP-1460: Comparison of Acuros XB, AAA and PBC dose calculations for clinical treatment plans. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Szaflarski J, Holland S, Banks C, Schefft B, Privitera M, Vannest J, Ficker D, Cavitt J, Malik S. Correlation between fMRI of memory encoding and IAP in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- C Banks
- Centre for Gastroenterology, University College London, UK
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Ho G, Jankowska P, Perrin R, Banks C, Teoh E, Harrington K. Dosimetric Problems of Radiotherapy to Synchronous Bilateral Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Parotid Glands. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2007.01.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Graff J, McNulty A, Parsons S, Lewis J, Konicek B, Banks C, Capen A, Douglass L, Carter J, Starling J. 580 POSTER Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl) suppresses signaling through the PKC and AKT pathways, inducing apoptosis, suppressig tumor-induced angiogenesis and reducing growth of human cancer xenografts. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Zhang Y, Banks C. Factors affecting the removal of selected heavy metals using a polymer immobilised Sphagnum moss as a biosorbent. Environ Technol 2005; 26:733-43. [PMID: 16080329 DOI: 10.1080/09593332608618515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophilic polyurethane foam was used to immobilise dried sphagnum moss as a polymer/biomass matrix. This was then tested for its ability to remove Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Further selected experiments using copper looked at factors which it was thought might affect the performance of the biosorbent. The optimum pH for Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption was found to be in the range 6 - 7, whilst Pb(II) showed a more uniform sorption profile over the pH range 3 - 8. At pH values above 8 there was significant leaching of organic components from the immobilisation matrix. The immobilised biomass maintained around 90% of its sorption capacity over 10 repetitive cycles of sorption/desorption using HCl as a desorbent with typically > 95% metal ion recovery from each cycle. There were no marked differences in the maximum sorption capacities for Cu(II) using different biomass particle sizes in the immobilisation matrix, but the affinity of the immobilised biomass for Cu(II) decreased with increasing particle size. Alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions did not affect the heavy metal biosorption, but aluminium ion had a significant influence and itself could be adsorbed to a large extent. Acetic acid, urea, and carrageenan did not affect the maximum biosorption capacity of Cu(II), but carrageenan significantly reduced the affinity of biomass to metal ions probably as a result of its own biosorptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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24
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Banks C. Cadmium detection via boron-doped diamond electrodes: surfactant inhibited stripping voltammetry. Talanta 2004; 62:279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2003] [Revised: 07/14/2003] [Accepted: 07/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Sweet L, Controulis J, Tillitson E, Banks C. Additions and Corrections - Derivatives of 3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenearsonic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01204a636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that the potent neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. IL-8 mediates its actions via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. This paper describes the distribution of these IL-8 receptors in the normal gastrointestinal tract and how this is modified in ulcerative colitis (UC). Paraffin-embedded colonic resection specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against CXCR1 and CXCR2 in ten cases of total UC, 16 cases of appendicitis, and 11 histologically normal sections. A semiquantitative scale of 0-4 was used to assess the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells within certain defined areas of tissue. A comparative assessment was made of the distribution of various cell populations. Dual immunostaining was used to confirm the phenotype of positively staining cells. In the histologically normal colon, the antibody against CXCR1 stained a subpopulation of macrophages deep to the epithelium and germinal centre lymphocytes. A similar pattern of staining was seen in acute appendicitis, with in addition some positively stained neutrophil polymorphs. In UC, there was up-regulation of CXCR1, with a striking increase in positively stained macrophages throughout the mucosa and of B and T lymphocytes outside the germinal centre areas. There was also intense up-regulation of CXCR1 expression by the luminal epithelium, reflected in the epithelial staining score (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-0.44 for UC cases, vs. 0.23+/-0.16 for controls and 0.25+/-0.14 for acute appendicitis). CXCR2 was only expressed on a small population of lamina propria mononuclear cells and crypt epithelial cells, with no significant differences observed between the groups. These results suggest that IL-8 may, through CXCR1, have a role beyond neutrophil recruitment in mediating the immune response in UC and that this is not merely a consequence of the acute inflammation seen in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, D Level, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that the potent neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. IL-8 mediates its actions via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. This paper describes the distribution of these IL-8 receptors in the normal gastrointestinal tract and how this is modified in ulcerative colitis (UC). Paraffin-embedded colonic resection specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against CXCR1 and CXCR2 in ten cases of total UC, 16 cases of appendicitis, and 11 histologically normal sections. A semiquantitative scale of 0-4 was used to assess the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells within certain defined areas of tissue. A comparative assessment was made of the distribution of various cell populations. Dual immunostaining was used to confirm the phenotype of positively staining cells. In the histologically normal colon, the antibody against CXCR1 stained a subpopulation of macrophages deep to the epithelium and germinal centre lymphocytes. A similar pattern of staining was seen in acute appendicitis, with in addition some positively stained neutrophil polymorphs. In UC, there was up-regulation of CXCR1, with a striking increase in positively stained macrophages throughout the mucosa and of B and T lymphocytes outside the germinal centre areas. There was also intense up-regulation of CXCR1 expression by the luminal epithelium, reflected in the epithelial staining score (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-0.44 for UC cases, vs. 0.23+/-0.16 for controls and 0.25+/-0.14 for acute appendicitis). CXCR2 was only expressed on a small population of lamina propria mononuclear cells and crypt epithelial cells, with no significant differences observed between the groups. These results suggest that IL-8 may, through CXCR1, have a role beyond neutrophil recruitment in mediating the immune response in UC and that this is not merely a consequence of the acute inflammation seen in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, D Level, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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29
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that the potent neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. IL-8 mediates its actions via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. This paper describes the distribution of these IL-8 receptors in the normal gastrointestinal tract and how this is modified in ulcerative colitis (UC). Paraffin-embedded colonic resection specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against CXCR1 and CXCR2 in ten cases of total UC, 16 cases of appendicitis, and 11 histologically normal sections. A semiquantitative scale of 0-4 was used to assess the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells within certain defined areas of tissue. A comparative assessment was made of the distribution of various cell populations. Dual immunostaining was used to confirm the phenotype of positively staining cells. In the histologically normal colon, the antibody against CXCR1 stained a subpopulation of macrophages deep to the epithelium and germinal centre lymphocytes. A similar pattern of staining was seen in acute appendicitis, with in addition some positively stained neutrophil polymorphs. In UC, there was up-regulation of CXCR1, with a striking increase in positively stained macrophages throughout the mucosa and of B and T lymphocytes outside the germinal centre areas. There was also intense up-regulation of CXCR1 expression by the luminal epithelium, reflected in the epithelial staining score (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-0.44 for UC cases, vs. 0.23+/-0.16 for controls and 0.25+/-0.14 for acute appendicitis). CXCR2 was only expressed on a small population of lamina propria mononuclear cells and crypt epithelial cells, with no significant differences observed between the groups. These results suggest that IL-8 may, through CXCR1, have a role beyond neutrophil recruitment in mediating the immune response in UC and that this is not merely a consequence of the acute inflammation seen in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, D Level, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Corley RA, Markham DA, Banks C, Delorme P, Masterman A, Houle JM. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the dermal absorption of 2-butoxyethanol vapor by humans. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1997; 39:120-30. [PMID: 9344624 DOI: 10.1006/faat.1997.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has generally been assumed that the skin contributes only minor amounts to the total uptake of solvent vapors, relative to the respiratory tract. Contrary to this assumption, the widely used glycol ether solvent, 2-butoxyethanol (BE), has been reported to be more effectively absorbed through the skin (75% of the total uptake) than through the lungs of humans (Johanson and Boman, 1991, Br. J. Ind. Med. 48, 788). The possibility that the finger prick blood sampling technique used in the Johanson and Boman study was confounded by locally high concentrations of BE at the site of absorption was suggested using a previously developed PBPK model (Corley et al., 1994, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 129, 61). The current study was conducted to verify the PBPK analysis and to determine whether or not the skin was the major site for absorption of BE vapor by exposing one arm from each of six human volunteers to 50 ppm 13C2-BE vapor for 2 hr. To evaluate the potential consequences of blood sampling techniques, samples were taken from both the unexposed arm (catheter; during and after exposure) and the exposed arm (finger prick; end of the exposure only) for analysis of both BE and its major metabolite, butoxyacetic acid (BAA). Butoxyacetic acid is responsible for the hemolysis observed in toxicity studies with laboratory animals. Humans, however, are significantly less sensitive to this effect. The concentration of BE in the finger prick blood samples averaged 1500 times higher than the corresponding concentration in venous blood sampled from a catheter installed in the unexposed arm at the end of the exposure. Blood BAA levels were generally within a factor of 4 of each other for the two techniques and, therefore, was considered a better indicator of systemic absorption. Urine was collected for 24 hr and analyzed for the following metabolites found in rat metabolism studies: free and conjugated BE, BAA, ethylene glycol (EG), and glycolic acid (GA), with only BAA detected in the human urine. More importantly, urinary BAA was found to be extensively conjugated ( approximately 67%) with glutamine, confirming recent reports. These results, coupled with PBPK modeling of worst-case exposure scenarios (no clothing, 100% of the body was exposed), demonstrated that no more than 15-27% (low-to-high relative temperatures and humidities), not 75%, of the total uptake of BE could be attributed to the skin of humans during simulated 8-hr exposures to the ACGIH TLV concentration of 25 ppm. Even less of the total uptake was attributed to the skin during simulations of exercise with whole-body exposures (5-9%) or by more realistic exposures of only the arms and head (1-8%). As a result, humans are unlikely to reach hemolytic concentrations of the metabolite BAA in blood following vapor exposures to BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Corley
- Pacific Northwest Division, Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, Washington 90352, USA
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Mackereth P, Banks C. Masseur & patient. Interview by Eileen Fursland. Nurs Times 1997; 93:44-5. [PMID: 9095909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Corley RA, Markham DA, Banks C, Delorme P, Masterman A, Houle JM. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics and the Dermal Absorption of 2-Butoxyethanol Vapor by Humans. Toxicol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/39.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Salgado R, Ehrlich F, Banks C, Browne E, Buckman S, Burraston B. A mobile rehabilitation team program to assist patients in nursing homes rehabilitate and return to their homes. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1995; 20:255-61. [PMID: 15374235 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(95)00621-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/1994] [Revised: 12/06/1994] [Accepted: 12/14/1994] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A slow-stream rehabilitation program for frail elderly patients was developed utilising nursing homes visited by a mobile rehabilitation team (MRT) based at the hospital from which these patients had been discharged following major illness. The nursing homes were able to provide physiotherapy and the MRT contributed medical, nursing, occupational therapy and social work support through weekly visits. The supported group and a control group (also discharged to nursing homes from the same hospital but unsupported) were matched for age, sex and ADL level. Outcomes for the two groups were compared and were significantly different. Of the supported group (N = 33), 64% (N = 21) were discharged home compared with only 9% (N = 2) of the 23 control subjects (chi2 = 15.6, df. = 1, P < 0.05). The potential for patient rehabilitation in a modestly supported nursing home was realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salgado
- Department of Aged Care, The St George Hospital, Belgrave Street, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Hiles RA, Mong S, Bekersky I, Banks C, Lulham G, Tellier P. Inhalation toxicity of aerosolized pentamidine isethionate in rats and dogs. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1994; 23:382-90. [PMID: 7835539 DOI: 10.1006/faat.1994.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of inhaled aerosolized pentamidine isethionate solutions in rats and dogs was evaluated. Nose-only exposure equipment and a mass mean aerodynamic particle size of < or = 2 microns were employed. Rats received either a single inhaled dose estimated at 0, 1.4, 2.1, or 6.0 mg/kg/exposure day or 4 inhaled doses evenly spaced over 13 weeks estimated at 0, 0.35, 0.7, or 1.4 mg/kg/exposure day. Dogs were administered a single inhaled dose estimated at 0, 1.1, 3.4, or 5.0 mg/kg/exposure day. Rats administered a single inhaled dose of 6.0 mg/kg/exposure day exhibited respiratory distress. The lung-with-trachea weights of these animals were elevated relative to controls. The histopathology of acutely exposed rats consisted of dose-related neutrophil infiltration in the turbinates, larynx, and bronchi; erosion of epithelium in the turbinates and larynx; thickening of the alveoli walls with alveolar accumulation of mononuclear cells and neutrophils; and rhinitis. Rats in the highest dose group in the subchronic evaluation exhibited decreased body weight gains and reduced lung-with-trachea-to-body weight ratios relative to controls. Hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis values were within normal ranges. Microscopic pulmonary tissue changes were similar to those found in acute exposure with certain lesions (e.g., mucous cell hyperplasia) suggestive of a more chronic process. In addition, lung fibrosis was seen at the highest dose. In dogs, pentamidine isethionate did not cause a change in the respiratory minute volume (not measured in rats). Elevated lung-with-trachea weights were noted in the high- dose females. Hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis values were within normal ranges.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hiles
- Fujisawa USA, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois 60015
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Banks J, Banks C, Cheong B, Umachandran V, Smith AP, Jessop JD, Pritchard MH. An epidemiological and clinical investigation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med 1992; 85:795-806. [PMID: 1484943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated lung function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis but have reached different conclusions. The main discrepancy has been between airways disease reported in 38-65 per cent of patients and interstitial pulmonary disease reported in 30-41 per cent. These variable results have probably arisen because specific lung disorders have often been diagnosed on the basis of non-specific tests of lung function which, when considered in isolation, are subject to different interpretations. We adopted a combined epidemiological and clinical approach to investigate lung function and respiratory symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiological data showed that rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a mild restrictive lung defect with reductions in mean FEV1 and FVC of 0.26 l and 0.29 l respectively and a normal FEV1/FVC ratio. The reduction in mean maximum mid-expiratory flow rate of 0.34 l/s could be explained on the basis of lung restriction and there was no evidence of widespread airways dysfunction other than that which could be explained by cigarette smoking. The clinical study showed that abnormal lung function tests in individual patients were caused by a heterogeneous group of conditions which are frequently caused, or exacerbated, by cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking, and not the rheumatoid process, was the most frequent cause of abnormal lung function in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Banks
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Llandough Hospital, Cardiff
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Banks C. Alleviating anticipatory vomiting. Nurs Times 1991; 87:42-3. [PMID: 2020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Schigur AE, Marks CRC, Banks C, England H, Dibble T. 560 CARDIOVASCULAR RECOVERY FROM AN ACUTE BOUT OF ENDURANCE ARH EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Banks C, Marks CRC, Schigur AE, England M, Dibble T. 559 EFFECTS OF REVOLUTION RATE ON ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATIONS TO ARM EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dalvi RR, Robbins TJ, Williams MK, Deoras DP, Donastorg F, Banks C. Thiram-induced toxic liver injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Environ Sci Health B 1984; 19:703-712. [PMID: 6520339 DOI: 10.1080/03601238409372458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A single i.p. dose (120 mg/kg) of thiram given to male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a significant increase in the activity of SGOT and SGPT 24 hr post-treatment indicating liver damage. A considerable diminution in the serum cholinesterase activity was also noted in the treated rats as against the control animals. Additional evidence for thiram-induced liver toxicity is provided by the observation that there was approximately 50% inhibition of the activity of hepatic microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of cytochrome P-450, an important component of the mixed-function oxidase system. Although not significant, hepatic glutathione levels were also depleted by thiram, probably making the liver susceptible to toxic injury.
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Banks C, Kardak VS, Jones EM, Lucas CJ. The relation between mental health, academic performance and cognitive test scores among chemistry students. Br J Educ Psychol 1970; 40:74-9. [PMID: 5421347 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sweet L, Controulis J, Tillitson E, Banks C. Additions and Corrections - Derivatives of 3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenearsonous Acid. J Am Chem Soc 1948. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01192a614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Banks C. Investigation and Treatment of Delinquency. West J Med 1947. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4504.613-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Banks C. Hygiene: Regulations for the Erection of New Buildings-The Sanitation of Domestic Buildings. Ind Med Gaz 1898; 33:196-197. [PMID: 29001843 PMCID: PMC5141071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Banks C. Hygiene: Circular Letter Relating to Post-Epidemic Disinfection and Æration Issued by the Supervising Surgeon-General, U. S. Marine Hospital Service-The Sanitary Aspects of Utopia. Ind Med Gaz 1898; 33:152-153. [PMID: 29001790 PMCID: PMC5141002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Banks C. Hygiene: Addition to Quarantine Regulations to Be Observed at Ports and on the Frontiers of the United States-Notes on Practical Sanitary Science-Earthclosets and Disease-Germs-The Preservation of Sight in Infancy and Early Life-The Education of the Speaking Voice. Ind Med Gaz 1898; 33:35-36. [PMID: 29001723 PMCID: PMC5140912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Banks C. Public Health. Ind Med Gaz 1897; 32:436-437. [PMID: 29002891 PMCID: PMC5148500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Banks C. Address Delivered in the Puri Zillah School. Ind Med Gaz 1895; 30:477-480. [PMID: 29001972 PMCID: PMC5142874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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