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Gomes ICP, Divino LDA, Rodrigues FM, Fleury CMF, Ducas ESA, Desordi JC, Iglesias BA, Santana RC, Monteiro CMO, Lopes WDZ, Gonçalves PJ, Souza GRL. Daylight photodynamic inactivation of cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus by porphyrins: An alternative for the ectoparasite control. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 251:112847. [PMID: 38241947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The bovine tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a primary ectoparasite of veterinary concern, contributes significantly to disease transmission and reduced cattle productivity, resulting in substantial economic losses. The overuse of chemical acaricides has led to the emergence of resistant strains, posing a considerable challenge to veterinary medicine. Consequently, the development of alternative parasite control methods is essential to ensure livestock quality and enhance food safety worldwide. Our study introduces an innovative approach to photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of the bovine tick, harnessing natural daylight for a potential field application. Reproductive parameters (female and egg mass, egg production index, and larval hatch) were evaluated in engorged female ticks under photodynamic action using the hematoporphyrin (HP) and tetra-cationic porphyrins free-base meso-tetra-ruthenated (4-pyridyl) (RuTPyP) and its zinc(II) complex (ZnRuTPyP) as photosensitizers (PS). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups treated with tetra‑ruthenium porphyrins and the control group. However, HP exhibits a control percentage of 97.9% at a concentration of 2.5 μmol.L-1, aligning with the expected control rates achieved by conventional chemical acaricides. Photophysical and physicochemical parameters such as the number of singlet oxygen produced and lipophilicity were discussed for each PS and related to tick control percentages. Furthermore, the interaction between HP and chitin, an important macromolecule presents in the tick's cuticle, considered as the primary target tick structure during PDI was observed by the absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopic techniques. Therefore, the results presented here extend the potential for controlling R. microplus through photodynamic inactivation while utilizing sunlight as a source of natural irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Dias Amor Divino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Márcio Oliveira Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pablo José Gonçalves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Centro de Excelência em Hidrogênio e Tecnologias Energéticas Sustentáveis (CEHTES), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Rocha Lino Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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