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Tinsley G, Urbina S, Santos E, Villa K, Foster C, Wilborn C, Taylor L. A Purported Detoxification Supplement Does Not Improve Body Composition, Waist Circumference, Blood Markers, or Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Adult Females. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:649-658. [PMID: 29958034 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1472713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous popular "detoxification" supplements claim to promote the removal of harmful compounds from the body, thereby alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms, improving body composition, and enhancing overall health. The present double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of a purported detoxification supplement in healthy young adult females. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a multi-ingredient supplement or placebo daily for four weeks. The supplement contained 1,350 mg/serving of a proprietary blend of papaya leaf, cascara sagrada bark, slippery elm bark, peppermint leaf, red raspberry leaf, fenugreek seed, ginger root, and senna leaf. Body composition, waist circumferences, symptoms of gastrointestinal distress, and blood safety markers were evaluated before and after supplementation. Twenty-two participants completed the study, and data were analyzed via two-way mixed ANOVA and t tests. No beneficial or harmful effects of supplementation were found for body composition, waist circumference, gastrointestinal symptoms, or blood markers. These results indicate that consuming a commercially available dietary supplement that purportedly provides detoxification and body composition benefits is apparently safe in healthy young adult females but does not provide any beneficial effects for body composition or gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University , Lubbock , TX , USA
| | - Stacie Urbina
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton , TX , USA
| | - Emily Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Scott & White Medical Center , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Katelyn Villa
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton , TX , USA
| | - Cliffa Foster
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton , TX , USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton , TX , USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton , TX , USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton , TX , USA
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Tinsley GM, Urbina S, Mullins J, Outlaw J, Hayward S, Stone M, Foster C, Wilborn C, Taylor L. Influence of A Thermogenic Dietary Supplement on Safety Markers, Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, Muscular Performance and Hormone Concentrations: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial. J Sports Sci Med 2017; 16:459-467. [PMID: 29238244 PMCID: PMC5721174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation is commonly employed by individuals seeking to improve body composition and exercise performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the safety and effectiveness of a commercially available dietary supplement designed to promote thermogenesis and fat loss. In a randomized double-blind trial, participants were assigned to consume placebo or a multi-ingredient supplement containing caffeine, green tea extract, l-carnitine, evodiamine and other ingredients that purportedly enhance thermogenesis. The study included acute baseline testing, a 6-week progressive resistance training and supplementation intervention, and post-intervention testing. Laboratory assessments included resting energy expenditure responses to acute supplement ingestion, evaluation of body composition and muscular performance, and analysis of blood variables (metabolic panel, testosterone, estrogen and cortisol). Dependent variables were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures. No unfavorable effects of supplementation were reported, and the supplement did not adversely affect safety markers. However, the supplement did not reduce fat mass or increase lean mass relative to placebo. In the supplement group, lower body maximal strength was increased relative to placebo (+18%, d=1.1 vs. +10%, d=0.5), and cortisol concentrations were decreased relative to placebo (-16%; d=-0.4 vs. +15%, d=.75). However, no differences were observed for upper body maximal strength or muscular endurance. REE increased in response to both supplement and placebo ingestion (placebo: +5%; supplement: +11.5%), but the difference between conditions was not statistically significant. Overall, some select parameters may have been beneficially modified by supplementation, but this did not result in superior weight or fat loss over 6 weeks of supplementation and resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Stacie Urbina
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
| | - Jacy Mullins
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
| | - Jordan Outlaw
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
| | - Sara Hayward
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
| | - Matt Stone
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Cliffa Foster
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
| | - Lem Taylor
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX
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Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon AA, Wilborn C, Urbina SL, Hayward SE, Krieger J. Correction: Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations. PeerJ 2017; 5:2825/correction-1. [PMID: 28785512 PMCID: PMC5539510 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2825/correction-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Jon Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alan A Aragon
- Department of Nutrition, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Graduate School and Research, University of Mary Hardin Baylor, Belton, TX, United States
| | - Stacie L Urbina
- Graduate School and Research, University of Mary Hardin Baylor, Belton, TX, United States
| | - Sara E Hayward
- Graduate School and Research, University of Mary Hardin Baylor, Belton, TX, United States
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Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ, Wildman R, Kleiner S, VanDusseldorp T, Taylor L, Earnest CP, Arciero PJ, Wilborn C, Kalman DS, Stout JR, Willoughby DS, Campbell B, Arent SM, Bannock L, Smith-Ryan AE, Antonio J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28630601 PMCID: PMC5470183 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1) There is a multitude of diet types and eating styles, whereby numerous subtypes fall under each major dietary archetype. 2) All body composition assessment methods have strengths and limitations. 3) Diets primarily focused on fat loss are driven by a sustained caloric deficit. The higher the baseline body fat level, the more aggressively the caloric deficit may be imposed. Slower rates of weight loss can better preserve lean mass (LM) in leaner subjects. 4) Diets focused primarily on accruing LM are driven by a sustained caloric surplus to facilitate anabolic processes and support increasing resistance-training demands. The composition and magnitude of the surplus, as well as training status of the subjects can influence the nature of the gains. 5) A wide range of dietary approaches (low-fat to low-carbohydrate/ketogenic, and all points between) can be similarly effective for improving body composition. 6) Increasing dietary protein to levels significantly beyond current recommendations for athletic populations may result in improved body composition. Higher protein intakes (2.3–3.1 g/kg FFM) may be required to maximize muscle retention in lean, resistance-trained subjects under hypocaloric conditions. Emerging research on very high protein intakes (>3 g/kg) has demonstrated that the known thermic, satiating, and LM-preserving effects of dietary protein might be amplified in resistance-training subjects. 7) The collective body of intermittent caloric restriction research demonstrates no significant advantage over daily caloric restriction for improving body composition. 8) The long-term success of a diet depends upon compliance and suppression or circumvention of mitigating factors such as adaptive thermogenesis. 9) There is a paucity of research on women and older populations, as well as a wide range of untapped permutations of feeding frequency and macronutrient distribution at various energetic balances combined with training. Behavioral and lifestyle modification strategies are still poorly researched areas of weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Aragon
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Trisha VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | - Conrad P Earnest
- Exercise and Sports Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Paul J Arciero
- Health and Exercise Science, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - Bill Campbell
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Shawn M Arent
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, IFNH Center for Health & Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | | | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL USA
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Phillips SM, Aragon AA, Arciero PJ, Arent SM, Close GL, Hamilton DL, Helms ER, Henselmans M, Loenneke JP, Norton LE, Ormsbee MJ, Sale C, Schoenfeld BJ, SmithRyan AE, Tipton KD, Vukovich MD, Wilborn C, Willoughby DS. Changes in body composition and performance with supplemental HMB-FA+ATP. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:e71-e72. [PMID: 28301440 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Phillips
- 1McMaster University 2California State University, Northridge 3Skidmore College 4Rutgers University 5Liverpool John Moores University 6University of Stirling 7Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand 8Bayesian Bodybuilding Research and Development 9The University of Mississippi 10BioLayne LLC 11Florida State University 12Nottingham-Trent University 13Lehman College 14University of North Carolina 15South Dakota State University 16University of Mary Hardin-Baylor 17Baylor University
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Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon A, Wilborn C, Urbina SL, Hayward SE, Krieger J. Pre- versus post-exercise protein intake has similar effects on muscular adaptations. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2825. [PMID: 28070459 PMCID: PMC5214805 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the anabolic window theory by investigating muscle strength, hypertrophy, and body composition changes in response to an equal dose of protein consumed either immediately pre- versus post-resistance training (RT) in trained men. Subjects were 21 resistance-trained men (>1 year RT experience) recruited from a university population. After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: a group that consumed a supplement containing 25 g protein and 1 g carbohydrate immediately prior to exercise (PRE-SUPP) (n = 9) or a group that consumed the same supplement immediately post-exercise (POST-SUPP) (n = 12). The RT protocol consisted of three weekly sessions performed on non-consecutive days for 10 weeks. A total-body routine was employed with three sets of 8–12 repetitions for each exercise. Results showed that pre- and post-workout protein consumption had similar effects on all measures studied (p > 0.05). These findings refute the contention of a narrow post-exercise anabolic window to maximize the muscular response and instead lends support to the theory that the interval for protein intake may be as wide as several hours or perhaps more after a training bout depending on when the pre-workout meal was consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Jon Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York , Bronx , NY , United States
| | - Alan Aragon
- Department of Nutrition, California State University , Northridge , CA , United States
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Graduate School and Research, University of Mary Hardin Baylor , Belton , TX , United States
| | - Stacie L Urbina
- Graduate School and Research, University of Mary Hardin Baylor , Belton , TX , United States
| | - Sara E Hayward
- Graduate School and Research, University of Mary Hardin Baylor , Belton , TX , United States
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Ramaswamy L, Velraja S, Escalante G, Harvey P, Alencar M, Haddock B, Harvey P, Escalante G, Alencar M, Haddock B, Durkalec-Michalski K, Jeszka J, Zawieja B, Podgórski T, Trussardi Fayh AP, Okano AH, de Jesus Ferreira AM, Jäger R, Purpura M, Harris RC, Krause MM, Lavanger KA, Allen NO, Lieb AE, Mullen KA, Eckerson JM, Lavanger KA, Krause MM, Allen NO, Lieb AE, Mullen KA, Eckerson JM, Morales E, Forsse J, Andre T, McKinley S, Hwang P, Tinsley G, Spillane M, Grandjean P, Willoughby D, Jagim A, Wright G, Kisiolek J, Meinking M, Ochsenwald J, Andre M, Jones MT, Oliver JM, Ferreira VA, de Souza DC, dos Santos VOA, Browne RAV, Costa EC, Fayh APT, Mathews ST, Bishop HD, Bowen CR, Liang Y, West EA, Rogers RR, Marshall MR, Petrella JK, Holland AM, Kephart WC, Mumford PW, Mobley CB, Lowery RP, Wilson JM, Roberts MD, Trexler ET, Hirsch KR, Campbell BI, Mock MG, Smith-Ryan AE, Zemek K, Johnston C, Mobley CB, Mumford PW, Pascoe DD, Lockwood CM, Miller ME, Roberts MD, Sanders GJ, Peveler W, Warning B, Peacock CA, Kephart WC, Mumford PW, Lowery RP, Roberts MD, Wilson JM, Sandler D, Ojalvo SP, Komorowski J, Campbell BI, Aguilar D, Vargas A, Conlin L, Sanders A, Fink-Irizarry P, Norton L, Perry R, McCallum R, Wynn MR, Lenton J, Campbell BI, Gai C, Donelson S, Best S, Bove D, Couvillion K, Dolan J, Xing D, Chernesky K, Pawela M, Toledo AD, Jimenez R, Rabideau M, Walker A, Pellegrino J, Hofacker M, McFadden B, Conway S, Ordway C, Sanders D, Monaco R, Fragala MS, Arent SM, Stone JD, Kreutzer A, Oliver JM, Kisiolek J, Jagim AR, Hofacker M, Walker A, Pellegrino J, Rabideau M, McFadden B, Conway S, Sanders D, Ordway C, Monaco R, Fragala MS, Arent SM, Tok O, Pellegrino JK, Walker AJ, Sanders DJ, McFadden BA, Rabideau MM, Conway SP, Ordway CE, Bello M, Hofacker ML, Mackowski NS, Poyssick AJ, Capone E, Monaco RM, Fragala MS, Arent SM, Mumford PW, Holland AM, Kephart WC, Lowery RP, Mobley CB, Patel RK, Newton A, Beck DT, Roberts MD, Wilson JM, Young KC, Silver T, Ellerbroek A, Buehn R, Vargas L, Tamayo A, Peacock C, Antonio J, Ellerbroek A, Silver T, Buehn R, Vargas L, Tamayo A, Peacock C, Antonio J, Pollock A, Ellerbroek A, Silver T, Peacock C, Antonio J, Kreutzer A, Zavala P, Fleming S, Jones M, Oliver JM, Jagim A, Haun CT, Mumford PW, Hyde PN, Fairman CM, Kephart WC, Beck DT, Moon JR, Roberts MD, Kendall KL, Young KC, Hudson GM, Hannings T, Sprow K, DiPietro L, Kalman D, Ojalvo SP, Komorowski J, Zavala P, Fleming S, Jones M, Oliver J, Jagim A, Wallace B, Bergstrom H, Wallace K, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Oyharçabal S, Espinoza V, VanDusseldorp TA, Escobar KA, Johnson KE, Cole N, Moriarty T, Stratton M, Endito MR, Mermier CM, Kerksick CM, Romero MA, Mobley CB, Linden M, Meers GME, Rector RS, Roberts MD, Gills JL, Lu H, Parker K, Dobbins C, Guillory JN, Romer B, Szymanski D, Glenn J, Newmire DE, Rivas E, Deemer SE, Wildman R, Ben-Ezra V, Kerksick C, Gieske B, Stecker R, Smith C, Witherbee K, Lane MT, Byrd MT, Bell Z, Frith E, Lane LMC, Lane MT, Byrd MT, Bell Z, Frith E, Lane LMC, Peacock CA, Silver TA, Colas M, Mena M, Rodriguez W, Sanders GJ, Antonio J, Vansickle A, DiFiore B, Stepp S, Slack G, Smith B, Ruffner K, Mendel R, Lowery L, Hirsch KR, Mock MG, Blue MMN, Trexler ET, Roelofs EJ, Smith-Ryan AE, Conlin L, Aguilar D, Campbell BI, Norton L, Coles K, Trexler ET, Martinez N, Joy JM, Vogel RM, Hoover TH, Broughton KS, Dalton R, Sowinski R, Grubic T, Collins PB, Colletta A, Reyes A, Sanchez B, Kozehchain M, Jung YP, Rasmussen C, Murano P, Earnest CP, Greenwood M, Kreider RB, Grubic T, Dalton R, Sowinski R, Collins PB, Colletta A, Reyes A, Sanchez B, Kozehchain M, Jung YP, Rasmussen C, Murano P, Earnest CP, Greenwood M, Kreider RB, Sowinski R, Dalton R, Grubic T, Collins PB, Colletta A, Reyes A, Sanchez B, Kozehchain M, Jung YP, Rasmussen C, Murano P, Earnest CP, Greenwood M, Kreider RB, Durkalec-Michalski K, Jeszka J, Podgórski T, Kerksick C, Gieske B, Stecker R, Smith C, Witherbee K, Urbina S, Santos E, Villa K, Olivencia A, Bennett H, Lara M, Foster C, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Cholewa JM, Hewins A, Gallo S, Micensky A, de Angelis C, Carney C, Campbell B, Conlin L, Norton L, Rossi F, Koozehchian MS, Collins PB, Sowinski R, Grubic T, Dalton R, O’Connor A, Shin SY, Jung YP, Sanchez BK, Coletta A, Cho M, Reyes A, Rasmussen C, Earnest CP, Murano PS, Greenwood M, Kreider RB. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016. [PMCID: PMC5025820 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
P1 Impact of antioxidant-enriched nutrient bar supplementation on the serum antioxidant markers and physical fitness components of track and field athletes Lalitha Ramaswamy, Supriya Velraja P2 The effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on fitness levels in resistance trained women Guillermo Escalante, Phil Harvey, Michelle Alencar, Bryan Haddock P3 The effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in resistance trained men Phil Harvey, Guillermo Escalante, Michelle Alencar, Bryan Haddock P4 The efficacy of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on physical capacity and selected biochemical markers in elite wrestlers Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Jan Jeszka, Bogna Zawieja, Tomasz Podgórski P5 Effects of different nutritional strategies in hydration and physical performance in healthy well-trained males Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh, Alexandre Hideki Okano, Amanda Maria de Jesus Ferreira P6 Reduction of plasma creatine concentrations as an indicator of improved bioavailability Ralf Jäger, Martin Purpura, Roger C Harris P7 Effect of three different breakfast meals on energy intake and nutritional status in college-age women Molly M. Krause, Kiley A. Lavanger, Nina O. Allen, Allison E. Lieb, Katie A. Mullen, Joan M. Eckerson P8 Accuracy of the ASA24® Dietary Recall system for assessing actual dietary intake in normal weight college-age women. Kiley A. Lavanger, Molly M. Krause, Nina O. Allen, Allison E. Lieb, Katie A. Mullen, Joan M. Eckerson P9 β-aminoisobutyric acid does not regulate exercise induced UCP-3 expression in skeletal muscle Elisa Morales, Jeffrey Forsse, Thomas Andre, Sarah McKinley, Paul Hwang, Grant Tinsley, Mike Spillane, Peter Grandjean, Darryn Willoughby P10 The ability of collegiate football athletes to adhere to sport-specific nutritional recommendations A. Jagim, G. Wright, J. Kisiolek, M. Meinking, J. Ochsenwald, M. Andre, M.T. Jones, J. M. Oliver P11 A single session of low-volume high intensity interval exercise improves appetite regulation in overweight men Victor Araújo Ferreira, Daniel Costa de Souza, Victor Oliveira Albuquerque dos Santos, Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne, Eduardo Caldas Costa, Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh P12 Acute effects of oral peppermint oil ingestion on exercise performance in moderately-active college students Suresh T. Mathews, Haley D. Bishop, Clara R. Bowen, Yishan Liang, Emily A. West, Rebecca R. Rogers, Mallory R. Marshall, John K. Petrella P13 Associations in body fat and liver triglyceride content with serum health markers in sedentary and exercised rats fed a ketogenic diet, Western diet or standard chow over a 6-week period A. Maleah Holland, Wesley C. Kephart, Petey W. Mumford, C. Brooks Mobley, Ryan P. Lowery, Jacob M. Wilson, Michael D. Roberts P14 Physiological changes following competition in male and female physique athletes: A pilot study Eric T. Trexler, Katie R. Hirsch, Bill I. Campbell, Meredith G. Mock, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan P15 Relationship between cognition and hydration status in college students at a large Southwestern university Kate Zemek, Carol Johnston P16 Whey protein-derived exosomes increase protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes C. Brooks Mobley, Petey W. Mumford, David D. Pascoe, Christopher M. Lockwood, Michael E. Miller, Michael D. Roberts P17 The effect of three different energy drinks on 1.5-mile running performance, oxygen consumption, and perceived exertion Gabriel J. Sanders, Willard Peveler, Brooke Warning, Corey A. Peacock P18 The Ketogenic diet improves rotarod performance in young and older rats Wesley C. Kephart, Petey W. Mumford, Ryan P. Lowery, Michael D. Roberts, Jacob M. Wilson P19 Absorption of bonded arginine silicate compared to individual arginine and silicon components David Sandler, Sara Perez Ojalvo, James Komorowski P20 Effects of a high (2.4 g/kg) vs. low/moderate (1.2 g/kg) protein intake on body composition in aspiring female physique athletes engaging in an 8-week resistance training program Bill I. Campbell, Danielle Aguilar, Andres Vargas, Laurin Conlin, Amey Sanders, Paola Fink-Irizarry, Layne Norton, Ross Perry, Ryley McCallum, Matthew R. Wynn, Jack Lenton P21 Effects of a high (2.4 g/kg) vs. low/moderate (1.2 g/kg) protein intake on maximal strength in aspiring female physique athletes engaging in an 8-week resistance training program Bill I. Campbell, Chris Gai, Seth Donelson, Shiva Best, Daniel Bove, Kaylee Couvillion, Jeff Dolan, Dante Xing, Kyshia Chernesky, Michael Pawela, Andres D. Toledo, Rachel Jimenez P22 Monitoring of female collegiate athletes over a competitive season reveals changes in nutritional biomarkers M. Rabideau, A. Walker, J. Pellegrino, M. Hofacker, B. McFadden, S. Conway, C. Ordway, D. Sanders, R. Monaco, M. S. Fragala, S. M. Arent P23 Comparison of prediction equations to indirect calorimetry in men and women athletes Jason D. Stone, Andreas Kreutzer, Jonathan M. Oliver, Jacob Kisiolek, Andrew R. Jagim P24 Regional variations in sweat-based electrolyte loss and changes in plasma electrolyte content in Division I female athletes over the course of a competitive season M. Hofacker, A. Walker, J. Pellegrino, M. Rabideau, B. McFadden, S. Conway, D. Sanders, C. Ordway, R. Monaco, M. S. Fragala, S. M. Arent P25 In-season changes in plasma amino acid levels in Division I NCAA female athletes Ozlem Tok, Joseph K. Pellegrino, Alan J. Walker, David J. Sanders, Bridget A. McFadden, Meaghan M. Rabideau, Sean P. Conway, Chris E. Ordway, Marissa Bello, Morgan L. Hofacker, Nick S. Mackowski, Anthony J. Poyssick, Eddie Capone, Robert M. Monaco, Maren S. Fragala, Shawn M. Arent P26 Effects of a ketogenic diet with exercise on serum markers of bone metabolism, IGF-1 and femoral bone mass in rats Petey W. Mumford, A. Maleah Holland, Wesley C. Kephart, Ryan P. Lowery, C. Brooks Mobley, Romil K. Patel, Annie Newton, Darren T. Beck, Michael D. Roberts, Jacob M. Wilson, Kaelin C. Young P27 Casein supplementation in trained men and women: morning versus evening Tobin Silver, Anya Ellerbroek, Richard Buehn, Leo Vargas, Armando Tamayo, Corey Peacock, Jose Antonio P28 A high protein diet has no harmful effects: a one-year crossover study in resistance-trained males Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Richard Buehn, Leo Vargas, Armando Tamayo, Corey Peacock, Jose Antonio P29 SUP (Stand-up Paddling) athletes: nutritional intake and body composition Adam Pollock, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin Silver, Corey Peacock, Jose Antonio P30 The effects of 8 weeks of colostrum and bio-active peptide supplementation on body composition in recreational male weight lifters A. Kreutzer, P. Zavala, S. Fleming, M. Jones, J. M. Oliver, A. Jagim P31 Effects of a Popular Women’s Thermogenic Supplement During an Energy-Restricted High Protein Diet on Changes in Body Composition and Clinical Safety Markers Cody T. Haun, Petey W. Mumford, Parker N. Hyde, Ciaran M. Fairman, Wesley C. Kephart, Darren T. Beck, Jordan R. Moon, Michael D. Roberts, Kristina L. Kendall, Kaelin C. Young P32 Three days of caffeine consumption following caffeine withdrawal yields small strength increase in knee flexors Geoffrey M Hudson, Tara Hannings, Kyle Sprow, Loretta DiPietro P33 Comparison of cellular nitric oxide production from various sports nutrition ingredients Doug Kalman, Sara Perez Ojalvo, James Komorowski P34 The effects of 8 weeks of bio-active peptide supplementation on training adaptations in recreational male weight lifters P. Zavala, S. Fleming, M. Jones, J. Oliver, A. Jagim P35 Effects of MusclePharm Assault BlackTM on lower extremity spinal excitability and postactivation potentiation: A pilot study Brian Wallace, Haley Bergstrom, Kelly Wallace P36 Effects of four weeks of Ketogenic Diet alone and combined with High intensity Interval Training or Continuous-Moderate intensity on body composition, lipid profile and physical performance on healthy males Matias Monsalves-Alvarez, Sebastian Oyharçabal, Victoria Espinoza P37 Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on creatine kinase, muscular performance, and perceived muscle soreness following acute eccentric exercise Trisha A. VanDusseldorp, Kurt A. Escobar, Kelly E. Johnson, Nathan Cole, Terence Moriarty, Matthew Stratton, Marvin R. Endito, Christine M. Mermier, Chad M. Kerksick P38 Effects of endurance training on markers of ribosome biogenesis in rodents fed a high fat diet Matthew A. Romero, C. Brooks Mobley, Melissa Linden, Grace Margaret-Eleanor Meers, R. Scott Rector, Michael D. Roberts P39 The effects of acute citrulline-malate on lower-body isokinetic performance in recreationally active individuals Joshua L Gills, Hocheng Lu, Kimberly Parker, Chris Dobbins, Joshua N Guillory, Braden Romer, David Szymanski, Jordan Glenn P40 The effect pre-ingested L-isoleucine and L-leucine on blood glucose responses and glycemic hormones in healthy inactive adults: Preliminary data. Daniel E. Newmire, Eric Rivas, Sarah E. Deemer, Robert Wildman, Victor Ben-Ezra P41 Does protein and source impact substrate oxidation and energy expenditure during and after moderate intensity treadmill exercise? C Kerksick, B Gieske, R Stecker, C Smith, K Witherbee P42 Effects of a pre-workout supplement on peak power and power maintenance during lower and upper body testing Michael T. Lane, M. Travis Byrd, Zachary Bell, Emily Frith, Lauren M.C. Lane P43 Effects of a pre-workout supplement on peak power production during lower and upper body testing in college-age females Michael T. Lane, M. Travis Byrd, Zachary Bell, Emily Frith, Lauren M.C. Lane P44 A comparison of whey versus casein protein supplementation on resting metabolic rate and body composition: a pilot study Corey A. Peacock, Tobin A. Silver, Megan Colas, Mauricio Mena, Winter Rodriguez, Gabriel J. Sanders, Jose Antonio P45 A novel mixed-tocotrienol intervention enhances recovery after eccentric exercise: preliminary findings Andrea Vansickle, Brittany DiFiore, Stephanie Stepp, Grant Slack, Bridget Smith, Kayla Ruffner, Ronald Mendel, Lonnie Lowery P46 The effects of post-exercise ingestion of a high molecular weight glucose on cycle performance in female cyclists Katie R. Hirsch, Meredith G. Mock, Malia M.N. Blue, Eric T. Trexler, Erica J. Roelofs, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan P47 Inclusive vs. exclusive dieting and the effects on body composition in resistance trained individuals Laurin Conlin, Danielle Aguilar, Bill I. Campbell, Layne Norton, Katie Coles, Eric T. Trexler, Nic Martinez P48 A whey protein hydrolysate may positively augment resting metabolism compared to intact whey protein Jordan M. Joy, Roxanne M. Vogel, Thomas H. Hoover, K. Shane Broughton P49 Seven days of high and low dose creatine nitrate supplementation I: hepatorenal, glucose and muscle enzyme function R Dalton, R Sowinski, T Grubic, PB Collins, A Colletta, A Reyes, B Sanchez, M Kozehchain, YP Jung, C Rasmussen, P Murano, CP Earnest, M Greenwood, RB Kreider P50 Seven days of high and low dose creatine nitrate supplementation II: performance T Grubic, R Dalton, R Sowinski, PB Collins, A Colletta, A Reyes, B Sanchez, M Kozehchain, YP Jung, C Rasmussen, P Murano, CP Earnest, M Greenwood, RB Kreider P51 Seven days of high and low dose creatine nitrate supplementation III: hemodynamics R Sowinski, R Dalton, T Grubic, PB Collins, A Colletta, A Reyes, B Sanchez, M Kozehchain, YP Jung, C Rasmussen, P Murano, CP Earnest, M Greenwood, RB Kreider P52 The efficacy of a β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation on physical capacity, body composition and biochemical markers in highly-trained combat sports athletes Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Jan Jeszka, Tomasz Podgórski P53 Does protein and source impact substrate oxidation and energy expenditure during and after moderate intensity treadmill exercise? C Kerksick, B Gieske, R Stecker, C Smith, K Witherbee P54 Effects of 30 days of Cleanse™ supplementation on measure of body composition, waist circumference, and markers of gastrointestinal distress in females Stacie Urbina, Emily Santos, Katelyn Villa, Alyssa Olivencia, Haley Bennett, Marissa Lara, Cliffa Foster, Colin Wilborn, Lem Taylor P55 The effects of moderate- versus high-load training on body composition, muscle growth, and performance in college aged females Jason M Cholewa, Amy Hewins, Samantha Gallo, Ashley Micensky, Christian De Angelis, Christopher Carney, Bill Campbell, Laurin Conlin, Layne Norton, Fabricio Rossi P56 Effect of a multi-ingredient preworkout supplement on cognitive function and perceptions of readiness to perform MS Koozehchian, PB Collins, R Sowinski, T Grubic, R Dalton, A O’Connor, SY Shin, Y Peter Jung, BK Sanchez, A Coletta, M Cho, A Reyes, C Rasmussen, CP Earnest, PS Murano, M Greenwood, RB Kreider
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Taylor L, Mumford P, Roberts M, Hayward S, Mullins J, Urbina S, Wilborn C. Safety of TeaCrine®, a non-habituating, naturally-occurring purine alkaloid over eight weeks of continuous use. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:2. [PMID: 26766930 PMCID: PMC4711067 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) is a purine alkaloid found in certain coffee (Coffea) species, fruits (Cupuacu [Theobroma grandiflorum]), and tea (Camellia assamica, var. kucha) that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuro-locomotor properties. Recent preliminary research has also reported increased feelings of energy, reduced fatigue, and strong effects on improving focus, concentration, and motivation to exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety and non-habituating effects of TeaCrine®, a nature-identical, chemically equivalent bioactive version of theacrine. METHODS Sixty healthy men (mean ± SD age, height, weight: 22.9 ± 4.7 years, 183.5 ± 9.2 cm, 86.5 ± 13.7 kg) and women (22.3 ± 4.5 years, 165.2 ± 12.3 cm, 69.0 ± 17.4 kg) were placed into one of three groups: placebo (PLA, n = 20), 200 mg TeaCrine® (LD, n = 19) or 300 mg Teacrine® (HD, n = 21) and ingested their respective supplement once daily for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes were fasting clinical safety markers (heart rate, blood pressure, lipid profiles, hematologic blood counts, biomarkers of liver/kidney/immune function) and energy, focus, concentration, anxiety, motivation to exercise, and POMS measured prior to daily dosing to ascertain potential tachyphylactic responses and habituation effects. Data were analyzed via two-way (group × time) ANOVAs and statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. RESULTS All values for clinical safety markers fell within normal limits and no group × time interactions were noted. No evidence of habituation was noted as baseline values for energy, focus, concentration, anxiety, motivation to exercise, and POMS remained stable in all groups across the 8-week study protocol. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the clinical safety and non-habituating neuro-energetic effects of TeaCrine® supplementation over 8 weeks of daily use (up to 300 mg/day). Moreover, there was no evidence of a tachyphylactic response that is typical of neuroactive agents such as caffeine and other stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lem Taylor
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab & Exercise Biochemistry Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | - Petey Mumford
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Mike Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Sara Hayward
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab & Exercise Biochemistry Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | - Jacy Mullins
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab & Exercise Biochemistry Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | - Stacie Urbina
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab & Exercise Biochemistry Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab & Exercise Biochemistry Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX USA
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Hayward S, Mullins J, Urbina S, Santos E, Villa K, Viana N, Perkins S, Ander J, Olivencia A, McGorty S, Wilborn C, Taylor L. Safety of Teacrine®, a Non-Habituating, Naturally-Occurring Purine Alkaloid Over Eight Weeks of Continuous Use. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4642183 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Taylor LW, Wilborn C, Roberts MD, White A, Dugan K. Eight weeks of pre- and postexercise whey protein supplementation increases lean body mass and improves performance in Division III collegiate female basketball players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:249-54. [PMID: 26842665 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined if 8 weeks of whey protein (WP) supplementation improved body composition and performance measures in NCAA Division III female basketball players. Subjects were assigned to consume 24 g WP (n = 8; age, 20 ± 2 years; height, 170 ± 6 cm; weight, 66.0 ± 3.1 kg) or 24 g of maltodextrin (MD) (n = 6; age, 21 ± 3 years; height, 169 ± 6 cm; weight, 68.2 ± 7.6 kg) immediately prior to and following training (4 days/week anaerobic and resistance training) for 8 weeks. Prior to (T1) and 8 weeks following supplementation (T2), subjects underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry body composition assessment as well as performance tests. The WP group gained lean mass from T1 to T2 (+1.4 kg, p = 0.003) whereas the MD group trended to gain lean mass (+0.4 kg, p = 0.095). The WP group also lost fat mass from T1 to T2 (-1.0 kg, p = 0.003) whereas the MD group did not (-0.5 kg, p = 0.41). The WP group presented greater gains in 1-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press (+4.9 kg) compared with the MD group (+2.3 kg) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the WP group improved agility from T1 to T2 (p = 0.001) whereas the MD group did not (p = 0.38). Both groups equally increased leg press 1RM, vertical jump, and broad jump performances. This study demonstrates that 8 weeks of WP supplementation improves body composition and select performance variables in previously trained female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemuel W Taylor
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | | | - Andrew White
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Kristen Dugan
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
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Mullins J, Outlaw J, Urbina S, Hayward S, Holt J, Burks B, Regelski A, Fallice E, Stone M, Wilborn C, Taylor L. Safety and efficacy of a proprietary thermogenic and cutting agent on measures of muscular strength and endurance, body composition, fat metabolism, and hormone levels. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595459 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacy Mullins
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Jordan Outlaw
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Stacie Urbina
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Sara Hayward
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Josh Holt
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Bailey Burks
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Alena Regelski
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Eliza Fallice
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Matt Stone
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Department of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance LabUniversity of Mary Hardin-Baylor 76531 Belton TX USA
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Hayward S, Outlaw J, Urbina S, Burks B, Holt J, Stone M, Regeski A, Saur M, Ander J, Taylor L, Foster C, Wilborn C. Effects of intermittent fasting on markers of body composition and mood state. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014. [PMCID: PMC4271606 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-s1-p25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Outlaw J, Hayward S, Holt J, Burks B, Faillace E, Regelski A, Stone M, Sauer M, Villa K, Mullins J, Urbina S, Taylor L, Foster C, Wilborn C. Comparison of serum fatty acid content and caloric expenditure after a single bout of moderate-intensity and high-intensity treadmill exercise in young females. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014. [PMCID: PMC4271604 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-s1-p24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Urbina S, Hayward S, Outlaw J, Holt J, Burks B, Cox B, Faillace E, Stai B, Stone M, Wildman R, Wells S, Dunsmore K, Smith-Ryan A, Taylor L, Foster C, Wilborn C. Performance and body composition effects of a pre-workout supplement and post-workout protein intake in trained crossfit individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013. [PMCID: PMC4044667 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-s1-p28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Hayward S, Urbina S, Jones C, Holt J, Burks B, Ralph K, Foster C, Wells S, Wildman R, Smith-Ryan A, Taylor L, Wilborn C. Effects of XPAND® on anaerobic power, muscular strength & subjective measures of mood state. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013. [PMCID: PMC4044292 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-s1-p9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Outlaw J, Hayward S, Urbina S, Holt J, Cox B, Burks B, Faillace E, Stone M, Stai B, Foster C, Lockwood C, Roberts M, Wilborn C, Taylor L. Effects of a weight loss supplement on body composition and markers of metabolism in overweight male and female adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013. [PMCID: PMC4042346 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-s1-p27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Outlaw J, Burks B, Hayward S, Holt J, Stone M, Stai B, Cox B, Foster C, Taylor L, Wilborn C. Effects of post-exercise whey protein vs. whey protein plus creatine consumption in females. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013. [PMCID: PMC4045834 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-s1-p20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Outlaw J, Wilborn C, Smith A, Urbina S, Hayward S, Foster C, Wells S, Wildman R, Taylor L. Effects of ingestion of a commercially available thermogenic dietary supplement on resting energy expenditure, mood state and cardiovascular measures. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:25. [PMID: 23627832 PMCID: PMC3651299 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing metabolism is a primary focus of many commercially available dietary supplements marketed to support weight management. Caffeine (e.g. anhydrous and herbal) and green tea are key ingredients in such products, augmenting resting energy expenditure (REE) and improving reported mood states (alertness, fatigue, focus, etc.). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a thermogenic dietary supplement (DBX) on REE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), reported measures of alertness, focus, energy, concentration, fatigue, and hunger, as well as the general safety of the product based on electrocardiogram (ECG) and hemodynamic responses in habitual caffeine consumers. Methods Six male and six female subjects (mean ± SD; 22.50 ± 3.22 years; 76.94 ± 14.78 kg; 22.7 ± 9.5% body fat), physically active (≥12 months), and moderate habitual caffeine consumers (<200 mg/day) received either two capsules of DBX containing 340 mg of total caffeine plus green tea extract, yerba mate extract, carnitine tartrate and other active ingredients or a placebo (PLC) in a double-blinded, crossover design. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), REE, RER and perceived mood states were measured at baseline and then hourly for four hours after ingesting either treatment. Results Resting energy expenditure was significantly increased at all four time points and significant increases were determined for perceived alertness (p = 0.026) and focus (p = 0.05) at hour 1 and for energy at 1 and 2 hours after treatment for the DBX group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.017, respectively). Additionally, perceived fatigue was decreased at the hour 1 assessment (p = 0.010). No significant differences were seen between DBX and placebo for hunger, anxiety, HR, BP, ECG patterns or RER. Conclusions The results of this investigation support that the proprietary blend of this thermogenic aid is capable of increasing REE for four hours post-ingestion while supporting increased focus, alertness, and energy as well as decreasing fatigue without promoting anxiety or causing significant changes in HR, BP, or ECG measurements in habitual caffeine consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Outlaw
- Human Performance Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Human Performance Lab, Belton, TX, 76513, USA.
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Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, Wilson GJ, Zanchi N, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Kalman DS, Stout JR, Hoffman JR, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL, Kreider RB, Smith-Ryan AE, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:6. [PMID: 23374455 PMCID: PMC3568064 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the use of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) as a nutritional supplement. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1. HMB can be used to enhance recovery by attenuating exercise induced skeletal muscle damage in trained and untrained populations. 2. If consuming HMB, an athlete will benefit from consuming the supplement in close proximity to their workout. 3. HMB appears to be most effective when consumed for 2 weeks prior to an exercise bout. 4. Thirty-eight mg·kg·BM-1 daily of HMB has been demonstrated to enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power in untrained and trained populations when the appropriate exercise prescription is utilized. 5. Currently, two forms of HMB have been used: Calcium HMB (HMB-Ca) and a free acid form of HMB (HMB-FA). HMB-FA may increase plasma absorption and retention of HMB to a greater extent than HMB-CA. However, research with HMB-FA is in its infancy, and there is not enough research to support whether one form is superior. 6. HMB has been demonstrated to increase LBM and functionality in elderly, sedentary populations. 7. HMB ingestion in conjunction with a structured exercise program may result in greater declines in fat mass (FM). 8. HMB's mechanisms of action include an inhibition and increase of proteolysis and protein synthesis, respectively. 9. Chronic consumption of HMB is safe in both young and old populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Wilson
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter J Fitschen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bill Campbell
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Dept. of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, PED 214, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Gabriel J Wilson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nelo Zanchi
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, Physical Education and School of Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lem Taylor
- Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Douglas S Kalman
- Miami Research Associates, Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, 6141 Sunset Drive - Suite 301, Miami, FL, 33143, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | | | - Hector L Lopez
- The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Stow, OH, 44224, USA.,Supplement Safety Solutions, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8605, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sports Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, 33314, USA
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Campbell B, Wilborn C, La Bounty P, Taylor L, Nelson MT, Greenwood M, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL, Hoffman JR, Stout JR, Schmitz S, Collins R, Kalman DS, Antonio J, Kreider RB. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: energy drinks. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:1. [PMID: 23281794 PMCID: PMC3538552 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the safety and efficacy of the use of energy drinks (ED) or energy shots (ES). The ISSN has concluded the following. 1. Although ED and ES contain a number of nutrients that are purported to affect mental and/or physical performance, the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine. 2. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be determined. 3. Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance. 4. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients; these products in particular merit further study to demonstrate their safety and potential effects on physical and mental performance. 5. There is some limited evidence that consumption of low-calorie ED during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or promote a small amount of additional fat loss. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part of the total daily energy intake. 6. Athletes should consider the impact of ingesting high glycemic load carbohydrates on metabolic health, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as the effects of caffeine and other stimulants on motor skill performance. 7. Children and adolescents should only consider use of ED or ES with parental approval after consideration of the amount of carbohydrate, caffeine, and other nutrients contained in the ED or ES and a thorough understanding of the potential side effects. 8. Indiscriminant use of ED or ES, especially if more than one serving per day is consumed, may lead to adverse events and harmful side effects. 9. Diabetics and individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatorenal, and neurologic disease who are taking medications that may be affected by high glycemic load foods, caffeine, and/or other stimulants should avoid use of ED and/or ES unless approved by their physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Campbell
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Dept. of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, PED 214, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Paul La Bounty
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Box 97313, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Mike T Nelson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of St.Thomas, St. Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Mike Greenwood
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | | | - Hector L Lopez
- The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Stow, OH, 44224, USA
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Stephen Schmitz
- Medical Surveillance and Risk Management, Shire HGT, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | | | - Doug S Kalman
- Miami Research Associates, Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, 6141 Sunset Drive - Suite 301, Miami, FL, 33143, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843-4243, USA
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Campbell B, Forsyth A, Myers B, Parker B, Gomez B, Elkins A, Wilborn C, La Bounty P, Marcello B. The effects of fat-free vs. fat-containing chocolate milk ingestion on muscular strength in female collegiate softball players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012. [PMCID: PMC3500757 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-s1-p3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Jones C, Hayward S, Urbina S, Foster C, Wells S, Wildman R, Campbell B, Taylor L, Wilborn C. Evaluation of ingesting Dyma-Burn Xtreme, a thermogenic dietary supplement, on hemodynamic and ECG responses in healthy, young males and females. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012. [PMCID: PMC3500726 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-s1-p12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Urbina S, Jones C, Hayward S, Foster C, Wells S, Wildman R, Campbell B, Taylor L, Wilborn C. Effects of ingesting Dyma-Burn Xtreme, a thermogenic dietary supplement on metabolic rate and subjective measures of mood state. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012. [PMCID: PMC3500759 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-s1-p31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Urbina SL, White A, Shaw J, Wilborn C, Brabham B. The effects of post-exercise whey vs. casein protein ingestion on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and body composition in older women (50-70 years of age). J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2011. [PMCID: PMC3238160 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-8-s1-p27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Magrans-Courtney T, Wilborn C, Rasmussen C, Ferreira M, Greenwood L, Campbell B, Kerksick CM, Nassar E, Li R, Iosia M, Cooke M, Dugan K, Willoughby D, Soliah L, Kreider RB. Effects of diet type and supplementation of glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM on body composition, functional status, and markers of health in women with knee osteoarthritis initiating a resistance-based exercise and weight loss program. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2011; 8:8. [PMID: 21689421 PMCID: PMC3141631 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether sedentary obese women with knee OA initiating an exercise and weight loss program may experience more beneficial changes in body composition, functional capacity, and/or markers of health following a higher protein diet compared to a higher carbohydrate diet with or without GCM supplementation. METHODS Thirty sedentary women (54 ± 9 yrs, 163 ± 6 cm, 88.6 ± 13 kg, 46.1 ± 3% fat, 33.3 ± 5 kg/m2) with clinically diagnosed knee OA participated in a 14-week exercise and weight loss program. Participants followed an isoenergenic low fat higher carbohydrate (HC) or higher protein (HP) diet while participating in a supervised 30-minute circuit resistance-training program three times per week for 14-weeks. In a randomized and double blind manner, participants ingested supplements containing 1,500 mg/d of glucosamine (as d-glucosamine HCL), 1,200 mg/d of chondroitin sulfate (from chondroitin sulfate sodium), and 900 mg/d of methylsulfonylmethane or a placebo. At 0, 10, and 14-weeks, participants completed a battery of assessments. Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS Participants in both groups experienced significant reductions in body mass (-2.4 ± 3%), fat mass (-6.0 ± 6%), and body fat (-3.5 ± 4%) with no significant changes in fat free mass or resting energy expenditure. Perception of knee pain (-49 ± 39%) and knee stiffness (-42 ± 37%) was decreased while maximal strength (12%), muscular endurance (20%), balance indices (7% to 20%), lipid levels (-8% to -12%), homeostasis model assessment for estimating insulin resistance (-17%), leptin (-30%), and measures of physical functioning (59%), vitality (120%), and social function (66%) were improved in both groups with no differences among groups. Functional aerobic capacity was increased to a greater degree for those in the HP and GCM groups while there were some trends suggesting that supplementation affected perceptions of knee pain (p < 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Circuit style resistance-training and weight loss improved functional capacity in women with knee OA. The type of diet and dietary supplementation of GCM provided marginal additive benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01271218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Magrans-Courtney
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Box 97313, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
| | - Colin Wilborn
- Human Performance Lab, Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Mary-Hardin Baylor, Belton, Texas 76513, USA
| | - Christopher Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA
| | - Maria Ferreira
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Lori Greenwood
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA
| | - Bill Campbell
- School of Physical Education & Exercise Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Chad M Kerksick
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 73019, USA
| | - Erica Nassar
- Quality Improvement Programs, BlueCross and BlueShield of Texas, Dallas, TX 75266, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Bouve College of Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mike Iosia
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Secondary Education, Lee University, Cleveland, TN 37320 m USA
| | - Matt Cooke
- Schools of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Victoria University, Victoria University, Melbourne Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Kristin Dugan
- Human Performance Lab, Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Mary-Hardin Baylor, Belton, Texas 76513, USA
| | - Darryn Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Box 97313, Waco, TX 76798-7313, USA
| | - LuAnn Soliah
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place, Box 97346, Waco, TX 76798-73346, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA
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Taylor L, Poole C, Pena E, Lewing M, Kreider R, Foster C, Wilborn C. Effects of Combined Creatine Plus Fenugreek Extract vs. Creatine Plus Carbohydrate Supplementation on Resistance Training Adaptations. J Sports Sci Med 2011; 10:254-260. [PMID: 24149869 PMCID: PMC3761853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined creatine and fenugreek extract supplementation on strength and body composition. Forty- seven resistance trained men were matched according to body weight to ingest either 70 g of a dextrose placebo (PL), 5 g creatine/70 g of dextrose (CRD) or 3.5 g creatine/900 mg fenugreek extract (CRF) and participate in a 4-d/wk periodized resistance-training program for 8-weeks. At 0, 4, and 8-weeks, subjects were tested on body composition, muscular strength and endurance, and anaerobic capacity. Statistical analyses utilized a separate 3X3 (condition [PL vs. CRD vs. CRF] x time [T1 vs. T2 vs. T3]) ANOVAs with repeated measures for all criterion variables (p ≤ 0.05). No group x time interaction effects or main effects (p > 0.05) were observed for any measures of body composition. CRF group showed significant increases in lean mass at T2 (p = 0.001) and T3 (p = 0.001). Bench press 1RM increased in PL group (p = 0.050) from T1-T3 and in CRD from T1-T2 (p = 0. 001) while remaining significant at T3 (p < 0.001). CRF group showed a significant increase in bench press 1RM from T1-T2 (p < 0.001), and also increased from T2-T3 (p = 0.032). Leg press 1RM significantly increased at all time points for PL, CRD, and CRF groups (p < 0.05). No additional between or within group changes were observed for any performance variables and serum clinical safety profiles (p > 0.05). In conclusion, creatine plus fenugreek extract supplementation had a significant impact on upper body strength and body composition as effectively as the combination of 5g of creatine with 70g of dextrose. Thus, the use of fenugreek with creatine supplementation may be an effective means for enhancing creatine uptake while eliminating the need for excessive amounts of simple carbohydrates. Key pointsFenugreek plus creatine supplementation may be a new means of increasing creatine uptake.Creatine plus fenugreek seems to be just as effective as the classic creatine plus carbohydrate ingestion in terms of stimulating training adaptations.This is the first study to our knowledge that has combined fenugreek with creatine supplementation in conjunction with a resistance training program.
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Campbell BI, Myers B, Forsyth A, Parker B, Gomez B, Elkins A, Marcello B, Wilborn C, La Bounty P, Kreider R. The Effects of Fat-Free vs. Fat-Containing Chocolate Milk Ingestion on Performance Characteristics in Collegiate Softball Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401618.34798.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kreider RB, Rasmussen C, Kerksick CM, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Campbell B, Magrans-Courtney T, Fogt D, Ferreira M, Li R, Galbreath M, Iosia M, Cooke M, Serra M, Gutierrez J, Byrd M, Kresta JY, Simbo S, Oliver J, Greenwood M. A carbohydrate-restricted diet during resistance training promotes more favorable changes in body composition and markers of health in obese women with and without insulin resistance. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2011; 39:27-40. [PMID: 21673483 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2011.05.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether sedentary obese women with elevated levels of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (ie, > 3.5) experience greater benefits from an exercise + higher-carbohydrate (HC) or carbohydrate-restricted weight loss program than women with lower HOMA levels. METHODS 221 women (age, 46.5 ± 12 years; body weight, 90.3 ± 16 kg; body mass index, 33.8 ± 5 kg/m(2)) participated in a 10-week supervised exercise and weight loss program. The fitness program involved 30 minutes of circuit-style resistance training 3 days per week. Subjects were prescribed low-fat (30%) isoenergetic diets that consisted of 1200 kcals per day for 1 week (phase 1) and 1600 kcals per day for 9 weeks (phase 2) with HC or higher protein (HP). Fasting blood samples, body composition, anthropometry, resting energy expenditure, and fitness measurements were obtained at 0 and 10 weeks. Subjects were retrospectively stratified into lower (LH) or higher (HH) than 3.5 HOMA groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and are presented as mean ± standard deviation changes from baseline. RESULTS Baseline HOMA levels in the LH group were significantly lower than those in the HH group (LH, 0.6 ± 0.7; HH, 6.3 ± 3.4; P = 0.001). Diet and training significantly decreased body weight (-3.5 ± 3 kg), fat mass (-2.7 ± 3 kg), blood glucose (-3%), total cholesterol (-4.5%), low-density lipoproteins (-5%), triglycerides (-5.9%), systolic blood pressure (-2.6%), and waist circumference (-3.7%), while increasing peak aerobic capacity (7.3%). Subjects in the HP group experienced greater weight loss (-4.4 ± 3.6 kg vs -2.6 ± 2.9 kg), fat loss (-3.4 ± 2.7 kg vs -1.7 ± 2.0 kg), reductions in serum glucose (3% vs 2%), and decreases in serum leptin levels (-30.8% vs -10.8%) than those in the HC group. Participants in the HH (-14.1%) and HP-HH (-21.6%) groups observed the greatest reduction in serum blood glucose. CONCLUSION A carbohydrate-restricted diet promoted more favorable changes in weight loss, fat loss, and markers of health in obese women who initiated an exercise program compared with a diet higher in carbohydrate. Additionally, obese women who initiated training and dieting with higher HOMA levels experienced greater reductions in blood glucose following an HP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Kreider
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Poole C, Bushey B, Foster C, Campbell B, Willoughby D, Kreider R, Taylor L, Wilborn C. The effects of a commercially available botanical supplement on strength, body composition, power output, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7:34. [PMID: 20979623 PMCID: PMC2978122 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a leguminous, annual plant originating in India and North Africa. In recent years Fenugreek has been touted as an ergogenic aid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Fenugreek supplementation on strength and body composition. Methods 49 Resistance trained men were matched according to body weight and randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner capsules containing 500 mg of a placebo (N = 23, 20 ± 1.9 years, 178 ± 6.3 cm, 85 ± 12.7 kg, 17 ± 5.6 %BF) or Fenugreek (N = 26, 21 ± 2.8 years, 178 ± 6 cm, 90 ± 18.2 kg, 19.3 ± 8.4 %BF). Subjects participated in a supervised 4-day per week periodized resistance-training program split into two upper and two lower extremity workouts per week for a total of 8-weeks. At 0, 4, and 8-weeks, subjects underwent hydrodensiometery body composition, 1-RM strength, muscle endurance, and anaerobic capacity testing. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as mean ± SD changes from baseline after 60-days. Results No significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups were noted for training volume. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed among groups in changes in body fat (FEN: -2.3 ± 1.4%BF; PL: -0.39 ± 1.6 %BF, p < 0.001), leg press 1-RM (FEN: 84.6 ± 36.2 kg; PL: 48 ± 29.5 kg, p < 0.001), and bench press 1-RM (FEN: 9.1 ± 6.9 kg; PL: 4.3 ± 5.6 kg, p = 0.01). No significant interactions was observed among groups for Wingate power analysis (p = 0.95) or muscular endurance on bench press (p = 0.87) or leg press (p = 0.61). In addition, there were no changes among groups in any clinical safety data including lipid panel, liver function, kidney function, and/or CBC panel (p > 0.05). Conclusion It is concluded that 500 mg of this proprietary Fenugreek extraction had a significant impact on both upper- and lower-body strength and body composition in comparison to placebo in a double blind controlled trial. These changes were obtained with no clinical side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Poole
- Human Performance Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, 76513, USA.
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Woodall C, Hattaway J, Kerksick C, Sedlak M, Taylor L, Wilborn C. The effects of varying types of protein consumption on measures of strength in collegiate football players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010. [PMCID: PMC2951035 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-s1-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Oliver F, Dugan K, McAdams M, Woodall C, Lewing M, White A, Roman S, Willoughby D, Wilborn C, Taylor L. The effects of ingesting a tribulus containing proprietary supplement with combined resistance training on strength, body composition, and hormonal changes in males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010. [PMCID: PMC2951039 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-s1-p17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Campbell BI, Kilpatrick M, Wilborn C, La Bounty P, Parker B, Gomez B, Elkins A, Williams S, dos Santos MG. A commercially available energy drink does not improve peak power production on multiple 20-second Wingate tests. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010. [PMCID: PMC2951032 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-s1-p10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Poole C, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Kerksick C. The role of post-exercise nutrient administration on muscle protein synthesis and glycogen synthesis. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9:354-363. [PMID: 24149627 PMCID: PMC3761704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient administration following an exercise bout vastly affects anabolic processes within the human body, irrespective of exercise mode. Of particular importance are protein and carbohydrates whereby these two macronutrients portray distinct functions as anabolic agents. It has been confirmed that protein and/or amino acid ingestion following resistance training is required to reach a positive protein/nitrogen balance, and carbohydrate intake during recovery is the most important consideration to replenish glycogen stores from an exhaustive exercise bout. Several factors play significant roles in determining the effectiveness of protein and carbohydrate supplementation on post-exercise protein and glycogen synthesis. Improper application of these factors can limit the body's ability to reach an anabolic status. The provided evidence clearly denotes the importance these two macronutrients have in regards to post-exercise nutrition and anabolism. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary protein and carbohydrate intake during the recovery state on muscle protein synthesis and glycogen synthesis. Key pointsPost-exercise nutrient intake is essential for promoting protein synthesis and glycogen synthesis.The timing and amount of protein and/or carbohydrate ingested affects the rate and amount of synthesis.The type/form of protein and/or carbohydrate ingested after exercise alters anabolic processes during the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Poole
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma , OK, USA
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Wilborn C, Taylor L, Poole C, Bushey B, Williams L, Foster C, Campbell B. Effects of ingesting a commercial thermogenic product on hemodynamic function and energy expenditure at rest in males and females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 34:1073-8. [PMID: 20029516 DOI: 10.1139/h09-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a commercially available thermogenic product (TP) on resting energy expenditure (REE) and hemodynamic variables in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PL)-controlled study. Eight male (age: 23.0 +/- 3.70 years, weight: 95.77 +/- 16.44 kg, height: 182.4 +/- 7.87 cm) and 10 female (age: 23.6 +/- 4.81 years, weight: 67.25 +/- 5.74 kg, height: 172.42 +/- 10.31 cm) physically active individuals participated in this study. Participants reported to the laboratory on a 10-h fast and performed baseline testing on REE, heart rate, and blood pressure. Participants were then randomly assigned to ingest 3 capsules of either an experimental TP or a vitamin E PL. Criterion variables were then measured at 1-, 2-, and 3-h post ingestion. Data were analyzed by 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS, version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill.). Supplementation of the TP resulted in a significant main effect for time (p = 0.040) and for interaction (p < 0.01) in REE when compared with PL. Post hoc analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between groups at baseline, but the TP group was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the PL group at 1-, 2-, and 3-h post, with peak values being achieved at 2-h post time point. The TP group also experienced an overall increase in REE by 17.3%, 19.6%, and 15.3% at the 1-, 2-, and 3-h time points, respectively, over baseline values. Conversely, the PL group experienced a reduction in REE by 2.5%, 1.8%, and 0.3% at the same time points compared with baseline values. There was no significant change in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure in either group. Taken on a daily basis, a TP may increase overall energy expenditure. Caloric expenditure significantly increased at all 3 time points in the TP group, whereas the PL group experienced no change in energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Wilborn
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA.
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Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D, Kreider R, Campbell B, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Willoughby D, Stout J, Graves BS, Wildman R, Ivy JL, Spano M, Smith AE, Antonio J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7:5. [PMID: 20205813 PMCID: PMC2824625 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The position of The Society regarding caffeine supplementation and sport performance is summarized by the following seven points: 1.) Caffeine is effective for enhancing sport performance in trained athletes when consumed in low-to-moderate dosages (~3-6 mg/kg) and overall does not result in further enhancement in performance when consumed in higher dosages (≥ 9 mg/kg). 2.) Caffeine exerts a greater ergogenic effect when consumed in an anhydrous state as compared to coffee. 3.) It has been shown that caffeine can enhance vigilance during bouts of extended exhaustive exercise, as well as periods of sustained sleep deprivation. 4.) Caffeine is ergogenic for sustained maximal endurance exercise, and has been shown to be highly effective for time-trial performance. 5.) Caffeine supplementation is beneficial for high-intensity exercise, including team sports such as soccer and rugby, both of which are categorized by intermittent activity within a period of prolonged duration. 6.) The literature is equivocal when considering the effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance, and additional research in this area is warranted. 7.) The scientific literature does not support caffeine-induced diuresis during exercise, or any harmful change in fluid balance that would negatively affect performance.
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Poole C, Bushey B, Pena E, Constancio E, Jones T, Dufour F, Ervin N, Clemens B, Willoughby D, Kreider R, Foster C, Taylor L, Wilborn C. Effects of TESTOSURGE supplementation on strength, body composition and hormonal profiles during an 8-week resistance training program. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2009. [PMCID: PMC3313155 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-s1-p12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lewing M, Pena E, Poole C, Dufour F, Consancio E, Jacobson H, Dugan K, Jones T, Ervin N, Foster C, Kreider R, Taylor L, Wilborn C. Effects of BIOCREAT supplementation on strength and body composition during an 8-week resistance training program. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2009. [PMCID: PMC3313154 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-s1-p11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Kerksick C, Thomas A, Campbell B, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Marcello B, Roberts M, Pfau E, Grimstvedt M, Opusunju J, Magrans-Courtney T, Rasmussen C, Wilson R, Kreider RB. Effects of a popular exercise and weight loss program on weight loss, body composition, energy expenditure and health in obese women. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009; 6:23. [PMID: 19442301 PMCID: PMC2693519 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of altering the ratio of carbohydrate and protein in low-energy diets in conjunction with a popular exercise program in obese women. DESIGN Matched, prospective clinical intervention study to assess efficacy of varying ratios of carbohydrate and protein intake in conjunction with a regular exercise program. PARTICIPANTS One-hundred sixty one sedentary, obese, pre-menopausal women (38.5 ± 8.5 yrs, 164.2 ± 6.7 cm, 94.2 ± 18.8 kg, 34.9 ± 6.4 kg.m⁻², 43.8 ± 4.2%) participated in this study. Participants were weight stable and not participating in additional weight loss programs. METHODS Participants were assigned to either a no exercise + no diet control (CON), a no diet + exercise group (ND), or one of four diet + exercise groups (presented as kcals; % carbohydrate: protein: fat): 1) a high energy, high carbohydrate, low protein diet (HED) [2,600; 55:15:30%], 2) a very low carbohydrate, high protein diet (VLCHP) [1,200 kcals; 63:7:30%], 3) a low carbohydrate, moderate protein diet (LCMP) [1,200 kcals; 50:20:30%] and 4) a high carbohydrate, low protein diet (HCLP) [1,200 kcals; 55:15:30%]. Participants in exercise groups (all but CON) performed a pneumatic resistance-based, circuit training program under supervision three times per week. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), fasting blood samples and muscular fitness assessments were examined at baseline and weeks 2, 10 and 14. RESULTS All groups except CON experienced significant reductions (P < 0.05 - 0.001) in waist circumference over 14 weeks. VLCHP, LCHP and LPHC participants experienced similar but significant (P < 0.05 - 0.001) reductions in body mass when compared to other groups. Delta responses indicated that fat loss after 14 weeks was significantly greatest in VLCHP (95% CI: -5.2, -3.2 kg), LCMP (-4.0, -1.9 kg) and HCLP (-3.8, -2.1 kg) when compared to other groups. Subsequent reductions in % body fat were significantly greater in VLCHP, LCMP and HCLP participants. Initial dieting decreased (P < 0.05) relative REE similarly in all groups. All exercise groups significantly (P < 0.05) improved in muscular fitness, but these improvements were not different among groups. Favorable but non-significant mean changes occurred in lipid panels, glucose and HOMA-IR. Leptin levels decreased (P < 0.05) in all groups, except for CON, after two weeks of dieting and remained lower throughout the 14 week program. Exercise participation resulted in significant improvements in quality of life and body image. CONCLUSION Exercise alone (ND) appears to have minimal impact on measured outcomes with positive outcomes apparent when exercise is combined with a hypoenergetic diet. Greater improvements in waist circumference and body composition occurred when carbohydrate is replaced in the diet with protein. Weight loss in all diet groups (VLCHP, LCMP and HCLP) was primarily fat and stimulated improvements in markers of cardiovascular disease risk, body composition, energy expenditure and psychosocial parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Kerksick
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Moreillon J, Culbertson J, Byrd M, Wismann J, Galbreath M, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Campbell B, Nassar E, Dove J, Harvey T, Kerksick C, La Bounty P, Parker A, Ferreira M, Cooke M, Iosia M, Chandran R, Beavers K, Serra M, Jitomir J, Curts C, Deike E, Hudson G, Buford T, Shelmadine B, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Willoughby D, Kreider R. Effects of the Curves® fitness & weight loss program on markers of health & fitness. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.lb461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Culbertson
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - M Byrd
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Dove
- HHPRBaylor UniversityWacoTX
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- Exercise and Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | | | - R Kreider
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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Kerksick C, Beavers K, Chandran R, Jitomir J, Serra M, Shelmadine B, Wilborn C, Wismann J, Nassar E, Dove J, Galbreath M, Harvey T, La Bounty P, Campbell B, Cooke M, Iosia M, Rasmussen C, Wilson R, Kreider R. Relationship of resting energy expenditure to body composition and clinical health markers. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.lb482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Kerksick
- Health & Exercise ScienceUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Dove
- HHPRBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | - R Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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Culbertson J, Byrd M, Cooke M, Kirksick C, Campbell B, Wilborn C, Galbreath M, Li R, Ferreira M, Nassar E, Harvey T, Parker A, Courtney T, Dove J, Beavers K, Serra M, Jitomir J, Moreillon J, Simbo S, Chandran R, Hudson G, Cecelia C, Deike E, Iosia M, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Kreider R. Effects of the Curves® fitness & weight loss program on body composition & resting energy expenditure. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.lb459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Culbertson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - M Byrd
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Li
- HHPRBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J Dove
- HHPRBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | | | | | | | | | - S Simbo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | - R Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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Kerksick C, Beavers K, Chandran R, Jitomir J, Serra M, Shelmadine B, Wilborn C, Wismann J, Nassar E, Dove J, Galbreath M, La Bounty P, Campbell B, Ferreira M, Cooke M, Iosia M, Rasmussen C, Wilson R, Kreider R. Relationship of uric acid to body composition, heart disease risk factors and energy expenditure. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.lb476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Dove
- HHPRBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | - R Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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Kerksick C, Harvey T, Stout J, Campbell B, Wilborn C, Kreider R, Kalman D, Ziegenfuss T, Lopez H, Landis J, Ivy JL, Antonio J. Erratum to: International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008. [PMCID: PMC2571084 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kerksick C, Harvey T, Stout J, Campbell B, Wilborn C, Kreider R, Kalman D, Ziegenfuss T, Lopez H, Landis J, Ivy JL, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008; 5:17. [PMID: 18834505 PMCID: PMC2575187 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The position of the Society regarding nutrient timing and the intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in reference to healthy, exercising individuals is summarized by the following eight points: 1.) Maximal endogenous glycogen stores are best promoted by following a high-glycemic, high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet (600 – 1000 grams CHO or ~8 – 10 g CHO/kg/d), and ingestion of free amino acids and protein (PRO) alone or in combination with CHO before resistance exercise can maximally stimulate protein synthesis. 2.) During exercise, CHO should be consumed at a rate of 30 – 60 grams of CHO/hour in a 6 – 8% CHO solution (8 – 16 fluid ounces) every 10 – 15 minutes. Adding PRO to create a CHO:PRO ratio of 3 – 4:1 may increase endurance performance and maximally promotes glycogen re-synthesis during acute and subsequent bouts of endurance exercise. 3.) Ingesting CHO alone or in combination with PRO during resistance exercise increases muscle glycogen, offsets muscle damage, and facilitates greater training adaptations after either acute or prolonged periods of supplementation with resistance training. 4.) Post-exercise (within 30 minutes) consumption of CHO at high dosages (8 – 10 g CHO/kg/day) have been shown to stimulate muscle glycogen re-synthesis, while adding PRO (0.2 g – 0.5 g PRO/kg/day) to CHO at a ratio of 3 – 4:1 (CHO: PRO) may further enhance glycogen re-synthesis. 5.) Post-exercise ingestion (immediately to 3 h post) of amino acids, primarily essential amino acids, has been shown to stimulate robust increases in muscle protein synthesis, while the addition of CHO may stimulate even greater levels of protein synthesis. Additionally, pre-exercise consumption of a CHO + PRO supplement may result in peak levels of protein synthesis. 6.) During consistent, prolonged resistance training, post-exercise consumption of varying doses of CHO + PRO supplements in varying dosages have been shown to stimulate improvements in strength and body composition when compared to control or placebo conditions. 7.) The addition of creatine (Cr) (0.1 g Cr/kg/day) to a CHO + PRO supplement may facilitate even greater adaptations to resistance training. 8.) Nutrient timing incorporates the use of methodical planning and eating of whole foods, nutrients extracted from food, and other sources. The timing of the energy intake and the ratio of certain ingested macronutrients are likely the attributes which allow for enhanced recovery and tissue repair following high-volume exercise, augmented muscle protein synthesis, and improved mood states when compared with unplanned or traditional strategies of nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Kerksick
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Bushey B, Wilborn C, Poole C, Taylor L, Foster C, Campbell B. The effects of Amped Up on hemodynamic function and energy expenditure at rest. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008. [PMCID: PMC3313093 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-s1-p10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wilborn C, Bushey B, Poole C, Taylor L L, Foster C, Campbell B, Willoughby D, Kreider R. Effects of Torabolic supplementation on strength and body composition during an 8-week resistance training program. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008. [PMCID: PMC3313094 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-s1-p11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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47
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Jitomir J, Chandran R, Shelmadine B, Beavers K, Kerksick C, Wilborn C, Wismann J, Nassar E, Dove J, Galbreath M, Harvey T, La Bounty P, Campbell B, Ferreira M, Cooke M, Iosia M, Rasmussen C, Bowden R, Wilson R, Kreider R. Medical profile of sedentary women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jitomir
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Chandran
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Shelmadine
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - K Beavers
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - C Kerksick
- Health & Exercise ScienceUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK
| | - C Wilborn
- Exercise & Sport SciencesUniv. of Mary Hardin‐BaylorBeltonTX
| | - J Wismann
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - E Nassar
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Dove
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Galbreath
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - T Harvey
- Center for Physical Development ExcellenceUnited States Military AcademyWest PointNY
| | - P La Bounty
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Campbell
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL
| | - M Ferreira
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Cooke
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Iosia
- HealthExercise Science and Secondary EducationLee UniversityClevelandTN
| | - C Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Bowden
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Wilson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
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48
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Beavers K, Chandran R, Jitomir J, Shelmadine B, Kerksick C, Wilborn C, Wismann J, Nassar E, Dove J, Galbreath M, La Bounty P, Campbell B, Ferreira M, Cooke M, Iosia M, Rasmussen C, Bowden R, Wilson R, Kreider R. Relationship of uric acid to markers of metabolic syndrome (MS) and medical status. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Chandran
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Jitomir
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Shelmadine
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - C Kerksick
- Health & Exercise ScienceUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK
| | - C Wilborn
- Exercise & Sport SciencesUniv. of Mary Hardin‐BaylorBeltonTX
| | - J Wismann
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - E Nassar
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - J Dove
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Galbreath
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - P La Bounty
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - B Campbell
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL
| | - M Ferreira
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Cooke
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - M Iosia
- HealthExercise Science and Secondary EducationLee UniversityClevelandTN
| | - C Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Bowden
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Wilson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
| | - R Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition LabBaylor UniversityWacoTX
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49
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Rohle D, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Mulligan C, Kreider R, Willoughby D. Effects of eight weeks of an alleged aromatase inhibiting nutritional supplement 6-OXO (androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione) on serum hormone profiles and clinical safety markers in resistance-trained, eugonadal males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2007; 4:13. [PMID: 17949492 PMCID: PMC2100070 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-4-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6-OXO, a purported nutritional aromatase inhibitor, in a dose dependent manner on body composition, serum hormone levels, and clinical safety markers in resistance trained males. Sixteen males were supplemented with either 300 mg or 600 mg of 6-OXO in a double-blind manner for eight weeks. Blood and urine samples were obtained at weeks 0, 1, 3, 8, and 11 (after a 3-week washout period). Blood samples were analyzed for total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, estriol, estrone, SHBG, leutinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), cortisol, FT/estradiol (T/E). Blood and urine were also analyzed for clinical chemistry markers. Data were analyzed with two-way MANOVA. For all of the serum hormones, there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). Compared to baseline, free testosterone underwent overall increases of 90% for 300 mg 6-OXO and 84% for 600 mg, respectively (p < 0.05). DHT underwent significant overall increases (p < 0.05) of 192% and 265% with 300 mg and 600 mg, respectively. T/E increased 53% and 67% for 300 mg and 600 mg 6-OXO, respectively. For estrone, 300 mg produced an overall increase of 22%, whereas 600 mg caused a 52% increase (p < 0.05). Body composition did not change with supplementation (p > 0.05) and clinical safety markers were not adversely affected with ingestion of either supplement dose (p > 0.05). While neither of the 6-OXO dosages appears to have any negative effects on clinical chemistry markers, supplementation at a daily dosage of 300 mg and 600 mg for eight weeks did not completely inhibit aromatase activity, yet significantly increased FT, DHT, and T/E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Rohle
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Box 97313, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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Galbreath M, Campbell B, Kerksick C, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Thomas A, Beckham J, Wismann J, Rasmussen C, Kreider R. Effects of Calcium Supplementation in Post‐Menopausal Women Participating in the Curves Fitness & Weight Loss Program. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a693-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L Taylor
- Baylor UniversityHHPR Dept.WacoTX76798
| | - C Wilborn
- Baylor UniversityHHPR Dept.WacoTX76798
| | - A Thomas
- Baylor UniversityHHPR Dept.WacoTX76798
| | - J Beckham
- Baylor UniversityHHPR Dept.WacoTX76798
| | - J Wismann
- Baylor UniversityHHPR Dept.WacoTX76798
| | | | - R Kreider
- Baylor UniversityHHPR Dept.WacoTX76798
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