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Copeland EN, Watson CJF, Whitley KC, Baranowski BJ, Kurgan N, MacNeil AJ, MacPherson REK, Fajardo VA, Allison DJ. Kynurenine metabolism is altered in mdx mice: A potential muscle to brain connection. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1029-1036. [PMID: 35912981 DOI: 10.1113/ep090381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS Research has shown that promoting muscle health with regular aerobic exercise can improve mental health through a kynurenine metabolic pathway. With regular aerobic exercise, kynurenine metabolism is favourably altered towards a neuroprotective pathway that promotes kynurenic acid production through increased expression of PGC-1α, kynurenine amino acid transferase (KAT) enzymes, and lowered inflammation. Whether conditions of muscle disease such as muscular dystrophy can negatively influence this pathway remains unknown. We show that the DBA/2J mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy exhibit altered kynurenine metabolism with less KYNA and PGC-1α and the highest level of TNF-a mRNA - results associated with anxiety-like behaviour. ABSTRACT Regular exercise can direct muscle kynurenine (KYN) metabolism toward the neuroprotective branch of the kynurenine pathway thereby limiting the accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites in the brain and contributing to mental resilience. However, the effect of muscle disease on KYN metabolism has not yet been investigated. Previous work has highlighted anxiety-like behaviors in approximately 25% of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), possibly due to altered KYN metabolism. Here, we characterized KYN metabolism in mdx mouse models of DMD. Young (8-10 week old) DBA/2J (D2) mdx mice, but not age-matched C57BL/10 (C57) mdx mice, had lower levels of circulating KYNA and KYNA:KYN ratio compared with their respective wild-type (WT) controls. While both C57 and D2 mdx mice displayed signs of anxiety-like behaviour, spending more time in the corners of the arena during a novel object recognition test, this effect was more prominent in D2 mdx mice. Correlational analysis detected a significant negative association between KYNA:KYN levels and time spent in corners in D2 mice, but not C57 mice. In extensor digitorum longus muscles from D2 mdx mice, but not C57 mdx mice, we found lowered protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha and kynurenine amino transferase-1 enzyme when compared with WT. Furthermore, D2 mdx quadricep muscles had the highest level of TNF-α expression, which is suggestive of enhanced inflammation. Thus, our pilot work shows that KYN metabolism is altered in D2 mdx mice, with a potential contribution from altered muscle health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Copeland
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - Kennedy C Whitley
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - Bradley J Baranowski
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON
| | - David J Allison
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON.,St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, ON
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Li Y, Mansour H, Watson CJF, Tang Y, MacNeil AJ, Li F. Amplified detection of nucleic acids and proteins using an isothermal proximity CRISPR Cas12a assay. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2133-2137. [PMID: 34163977 PMCID: PMC8179305 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe an isothermal proximity CRISPR Cas12a assay that harnesses the target-induced indiscrimitive single-stranded DNase activity of Cas12a for the quantitative profiling of gene expression at the mRNA level and detection of proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. The target recognition is achieved through proximity binding rather than recognition by CRISPR RNA (crRNA), which allows for flexible assay design. A binding-induced primer extension reaction is used to generate a predesigned CRISPR-targetable sequence as a barcode for further signal amplification. Through this dual amplification protocol, we were able to detect as low as 1 fM target nucleic acid and 100 fM target protein isothermally. The practical applicability of this assay was successfully demonstrated for the temporal profiling of interleukin-6 gene expression during allergen-mediated mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongya Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University 29 Wangjing Road Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China .,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Hayam Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada .,Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center 12622 Egypt
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Yanan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University 29 Wangjing Road Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University 29 Wangjing Road Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China .,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
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3
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Whitley KC, Hamstra SI, Baranowski RW, Watson CJF, MacPherson REK, MacNeil AJ, Roy BD, Vandenboom R, Fajardo VA. GSK3 inhibition with low dose lithium supplementation augments murine muscle fatigue resistance and specific force production. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14517. [PMID: 32729236 PMCID: PMC7390913 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a Ca2+ -dependent serine/threonine phosphatase that dephosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), allowing for NFAT entry into the nucleus. In skeletal muscle, calcineurin signaling and NFAT activation increases the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) I ultimately promoting fatigue resistance. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase that antagonizes calcineurin by re-phosphorylating NFAT preventing its entry into the nucleus. Here, we tested whether GSK3 inhibition in vivo with low dose lithium chloride (LiCl) supplementation (10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 6 weeks) in male C57BL/6J mice would enhance muscle fatigue resistance in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles by activating NFAT and augmenting PGC-1α and MHC I expression. LiCl treatment inhibited GSK3 by elevating Ser9 phosphorylation in soleus (+1.8-fold, p = .007) and EDL (+1.3-fold p = .04) muscles. This was associated with a significant reduction in NFAT phosphorylation (-50%, p = .04) and a significant increase in PGC-1α (+1.5-fold, p = .05) in the soleus but not the EDL. MHC isoform analyses in the soleus also revealed a 1.2-fold increase in MHC I (p = .04) with no change in MHC IIa. In turn, a significant enhancement in soleus muscle fatigue (p = .04), but not EDL (p = .26) was found with LiCl supplementation. Lastly, LiCl enhanced specific force production in both soleus (p < .0001) and EDL (p = .002) muscles. Altogether, our findings show the skleletal muscle contractile benefits of LiCl-mediated GSK3 inhibition in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy C. Whitley
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Ryan W. Baranowski
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | | | | | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
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4
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Watson CJF, Rouillard MM, Crozier RWE, Fajardo VA, MacNeil AJ. TAK1 contributes to IgE-FcɛRI-mediated calcium mobilization and mast cell degranulation. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.66.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is an inappropriate immune response, typically triggered by activated mast cells that have been IgE-sensitized to innocuous environmental agents. Allergic inflammatory events can be split into two phases, early and late, initiated by allergen-mediated mast cell activation. The early phase of the allergic response occurs within minutes of an allergen binding and crosslinking IgE-FcɛRI complexes on the surface of a sensitized mast cell. This recognition of a perceived ‘threat’ rapidly induces mast cell activation and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators from preformed granules, a process known as degranulation. We have identified TAK1 as a novel contributor to induced mast cell signaling events and aim to characterize the mechanistic contribution of TAK1 in mast cell degranulation. To this end, we have employed a primary murine model of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) to examine contributions of TAK1 to IgE-mediated calcium mobilization and degranulation. β-hexosaminidase release assays and Indo-1-based spectrofluorometry demonstrated a significant inhibition (−67% ±1.44 p<0.0001) in degranulation and a reduction in calcium transients (both peak amplitude p<0.01 and area under curve p<0.05) in allergically-activated BMMCs treated with the TAK1 inhibitor, 5Z-7-oxozeaneol (OZ). These results were supported by restoration of normal degranulation with the use of an inactive OZ analog (5Z), whereas an alternative TAK1 inhibitor (AZ) also resulted in degranulation inhibition (−32% ± 2.64 p<0.0001). These results provide novel evidence to support the mechanistic control of mast cell degranulation by TAK1, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for allergic pathologies.
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5
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Dong T, Mansour H, Hu H, Wang GA, Watson CJF, Yousef M, Matamoros G, Sanchez AL, MacNeil AJ, Wu P, Li F. Colorimetric Polymerase Chain Reaction Enabled by a Fast Light-Activated Substrate Chromogenic Detection Platform. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6456-6461. [PMID: 32259426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturization of nucleic acid tests (NATs) into portable, inexpensive detection platforms may aid disease diagnosis in point-of-care (POC) settings. Colorimetric signals are ideal readouts for portable NATs, and it remains of high demand to develop color readouts that are simple, quantitative, and versatile. Thus motivated, we report a fast light-activated substrate chromogenic polymerase chain reaction (FLASH PCR) that uses DNA intercalating dyes (DIDs) to enable colorimetric nucleic acid detection and quantification. The FLASH system is established on our finding that DID-DNA intercalation can promote the rapid photooxidation of chromogenic substrates through light-induced production of singlet oxygen. Using this principle, we have successfully converted DID-based fluorescent PCR assays into colorimetric FLASH PCR. To demonstrate the practical applicability of FLASH PCR to POC diagnosis, we also fabricated two readout platforms, including a portable electronic FLASH reader and a paper-based FLASH strip. Using the FLASH reader, we were able to detect as low as 60 copies of DNA standards, a limit of detection (LOD) comparable with commercial quantitative PCR. The FLASH strip further enables the reader-free detection of PCR amplicons by converting the colorimetric signal into the visual measurement of distance as a readout. Finally, the practical applicability of the FLASH PCR was demonstrated by the detection and/or quantification of nucleic acid markers in diverse clinical and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China 610064.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Hayam Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Cairo Governorate 12622, Egypt
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China 610064
| | - Guan A Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Gabriela Matamoros
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ana L Sanchez
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China 610064
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China 610064.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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6
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Watson CJF, Maguire ARR, Rouillard MM, Crozier RWE, Yousef M, Bruton KM, Fajardo VA, MacNeil AJ. TAK1
ng aim at mechanisms of allergic inflammation: contribution of TAK1 activity in allergen‐mediated mast cell activation. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Hamstra SI, Kurgan N, Baranowski RW, Qiu L, Watson CJF, Messner HN, MacPherson REK, MacNeil AJ, Roy BD, Fajardo VA. Low-dose lithium feeding increases the SERCA2a-to-phospholamban ratio, improving SERCA function in murine left ventricles. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:666-675. [PMID: 32087034 DOI: 10.1113/ep088061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) has been shown to improve cardiac SERCA2a function. Lithium can inhibit GSK3, but therapeutic doses used in treating bipolar disorder can have toxic effects. It has not been determined whether subtherapeutic doses of lithium can improve cardiac SERCA function. What is the main finding and its importance? Using left ventricles from wild-type mice, we found that subtherapeutic lithium feeding for 6 weeks decreased GSK3 activity and increased cardiac SERCA function compared with control-fed mice. These findings warrant the investigation of low-dose lithium feeding in preclinical models of cardiomyopathy and heart failure to determine the therapeutic benefit of GSK3 inhibition. ABSTRACT The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pump is responsible for regulating calcium (Ca2+ ) within myocytes, with SERCA2a being the dominant isoform in cardiomyocytes. Its inhibitor, phospholamban (PLN), acts by decreasing the affinity of SERCA for Ca2+ . Changes in the SERCA2a:PLN ratio can cause Ca2+ dysregulation often seen in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is known to downregulate SERCA function by decreasing the SERCA2a:PLN ratio. In this study, we sought to determine whether feeding mice low-dose lithium, a natural GSK3 inhibitor, would improve left ventricular SERCA function by altering the SERCA2a:PLN ratio. To this end, male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed low-dose lithium via drinking water (10 mg kg-1 day-1 LiCl for 6 weeks) and left ventricles were harvested. GSK3 activity was significantly reduced in LiCl-fed versus control-fed mice. The apparent affinity of SERCA for Ca2+ was also increased (pCa50 ; control, 6.09 ± 0.03 versus LiCl, 6.26 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001) along with a 2.0-fold increase in SERCA2a:PLN ratio in LiCl-fed versus control-fed mice. These findings suggest that low-dose lithium supplementation can improve SERCA function by increasing the SERCA2a:PLN ratio. Future studies in murine preclinical models will determine whether GSK3 inhibition via low-dose lithium could be a potential therapeutic strategy for dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ryan W Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Liqun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Holt N Messner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brian D Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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8
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Watson CJF, Maguire ARR, Rouillard MM, Crozier RWE, Yousef M, Bruton KM, Fajardo VA, MacNeil AJ. TAK1 signaling activity links the mast cell cytokine response and degranulation in allergic inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:649-661. [PMID: 32108376 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0220-401rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells drive the inappropriate immune response characteristic of allergic inflammatory disorders via release of pro-inflammatory mediators in response to environmental cues detected by the IgE-FcεRI complex. The role of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a participant in related signaling in other contexts, remains unknown in allergy. We detect novel activation of TAK1 at Ser412 in response to IgE-mediated activation under SCF-c-kit potentiation in a mast cell-driven response characteristic of allergic inflammation, which is potently blocked by TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ). We, therefore, interrogated the role of TAK1 in a series of mast cell-mediated responses using IgE-sensitized murine bone marrow-derived mast cells, stimulated with allergen under several TAK1 inhibition strategies. TAK1 inhibition by OZ resulted in significant impairment in the phosphorylation of MAPKs p38, ERK, and JNK; and mediation of the NF-κB pathway via IκBα. Impaired gene expression and near abrogation in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-13, and chemokines CCL1, and CCL2 was detected. Finally, a significant inhibition of mast cell degranulation, accompanied by an impairment in calcium mobilization, was observed in TAK1-inhibited cells. These results suggest that TAK1 acts as a signaling node, not only linking the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in driving the late-phase response, but also initiation of the degranulation mechanism of the mast cell early-phase response following allergen recognition and may warrant consideration in future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aindriu R R Maguire
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa M Rouillard
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W E Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly M Bruton
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Fajardo VA, Watson CJF, Bott KN, Moradi F, Maddalena LA, Bellissimo CA, Turner KD, Peters SJ, LeBlanc PJ, MacNeil AJ, Stuart JA, Tupling AR. Neurogranin is expressed in mammalian skeletal muscle and inhibits calcineurin signaling and myoblast fusion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1025-C1033. [PMID: 31433693 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00345.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphatase that plays a critical role in promoting the slow fiber phenotype and myoblast fusion in skeletal muscle, thereby making calcineurin an attractive cellular target for enhancing fatigue resistance, muscle metabolism, and muscle repair. Neurogranin (Ng) is a CaM-binding protein thought to be expressed solely in brain and neurons, where it inhibits calcineurin signaling by sequestering CaM, thus lowering its cellular availability. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the expression of Ng protein and mRNA in mammalian skeletal muscle. Both protein and mRNA levels are greater in slow-oxidative compared with fast-glycolytic muscles. Coimmunoprecipitation of CaM with Ng in homogenates of C2C12 myotubes, mouse soleus, and human vastus lateralis suggests that these proteins physically interact. To determine whether Ng inhibits calcineurin signaling in muscle, we used Ng siRNA with C2C12 myotubes to reduce Ng protein levels by 60%. As a result of reduced Ng expression, C2C12 myotubes had enhanced CaM-calcineurin binding and calcineurin signaling as indicated by reduced phosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells and increased utrophin mRNA. In addition, calcineurin signaling affects the expression of myogenin and stabilin-2, which are involved in myogenic differentiation and myoblast fusion, respectively. Here, we found that both myogenin and stabilin-2 were significantly elevated by Ng siRNA in C2C12 cells, concomitantly with an increased fusion index. Taken together, these results demonstrate the expression of Ng in mammalian skeletal muscle where it appears to be a novel regulator of calcineurin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten N Bott
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas A Maddalena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kelli D Turner
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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