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Rodriguez N, Fawcett JM, Rash JA, Lester R, Powell E, MacMillan CD, Garland SN. Factors associated with cognitive impairment during the first year of treatment for nonmetastatic breast cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1191-1200. [PMID: 33455070 PMCID: PMC7926005 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women with breast cancer are more likely to develop cognitive impairment (CI), insomnia, fatigue, and mood disturbance than individuals with other cancers. The main objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of CI and examine the relationships between CI, insomnia, fatigue, and mood over the first year of breast cancer treatment. Methods Participants were recruited after diagnosis and completed validated measures of insomnia, objective and perceived CI, fatigue, and mood disturbance at four time points during the first year of treatment. A random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model assessed relationships among symptoms over time. Results The sample included 98 women. Prevalence of objective CI ranged from 3.1% to 8.2% throughout the year, whereas 36.7% demonstrated a clinically meaningful decline in perceived CI from baseline to 4 months, which remained relatively stable. Greater perceived CI was associated with more fatigue (β = −0.78, z = 17.48, p < .01) and symptoms of insomnia (β = −0.58, z = 5.24, p < .01). Short‐term fluctuations in perceived CI (p < .05), but not fatigue or insomnia, predicted future perceived CI. Fatigue (p < .001) was a significant predictor of future reported symptoms of fatigue and insomnia. Conclusion Subjective CI is more prevalent than objective impairments. Fatigue, insomnia, and perceived CI remain stable and are associated during the first year of treatment. Changes in insomnia and fatigue may have little effect on future perceived cognition. Women with breast cancer likely require targeted intervention for these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Fawcett
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Joshua A Rash
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Renee Lester
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Erin Powell
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Connor D MacMillan
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sheila N Garland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.,Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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2
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Krstic M, Kolendowski B, Cecchini MJ, Postenka CO, Hassan HM, Andrews J, MacMillan CD, Williams KC, Leong HS, Brackstone M, Torchia J, Chambers AF, Tuck AB. TBX3 promotes progression of pre-invasive breast cancer cells by inducing EMT and directly up-regulating SLUG. J Pathol 2019; 248:191-203. [PMID: 30697731 PMCID: PMC6593675 DOI: 10.1002/path.5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of cellular invasiveness by breast epithelial cells and subsequent transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer is a critical step in breast cancer progression. Little is known about the molecular dynamics governing this transition. We have previously shown that overexpression of the transcriptional regulator TBX3 in DCIS‐like cells increases survival, growth, and invasiveness. To explore this mechanism further and assess direct transcriptional targets of TBX3 in a high‐resolution, isoform‐specific context, we conducted genome‐wide chromatin‐immunoprecipitation (ChIP) arrays coupled with transcriptomic analysis. We show that TBX3 regulates several epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related genes, including SLUG and TWIST1. Importantly, we demonstrate that TBX3 is a direct regulator of SLUG expression, and SLUG expression is required for TBX3‐induced migration and invasion. Assessing TBX3 by immunohistochemistry in early‐stage (stage 0 and stage I) breast cancers revealed high expression in low‐grade lesions. Within a second independent early‐stage non‐high‐grade cohort, we observed an association between TBX3 level in the DCIS and size of the invasive focus. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between TBX3 and SLUG, and TBX3 and TWIST1 in the invasive carcinoma. Pathway analysis revealed altered expression of several proteases and their inhibitors, consistent with the ability to degrade basement membrane in vivo. These findings strongly suggest the involvement of TBX3 in the promotion of invasiveness and progression of early‐stage pre‐invasive breast cancer to invasive carcinoma through the low‐grade molecular pathway. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Krstic
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bart Kolendowski
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Cecchini
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Carl O Postenka
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Haider M Hassan
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Andrews
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Connor D MacMillan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karla C Williams
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hon S Leong
- Departments of Urology, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Muriel Brackstone
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Torchia
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ann F Chambers
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alan B Tuck
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,The Pamela Greenaway-Kohlmeier Translational Breast Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Biggs CN, Siddiqui KM, Al-Zahrani AA, Pardhan S, Brett SI, Guo QQ, Yang J, Wolf P, Power NE, Durfee PN, MacMillan CD, Townson JL, Brinker JC, Fleshner NE, Izawa JI, Chambers AF, Chin JL, Leong HS. Prostate extracellular vesicles in patient plasma as a liquid biopsy platform for prostate cancer using nanoscale flow cytometry. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8839-49. [PMID: 26814433 PMCID: PMC4891008 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles released by prostate cancer present in seminal fluid, urine, and blood may represent a non-invasive means to identify and prioritize patients with intermediate risk and high risk of prostate cancer. We hypothesize that enumeration of circulating prostate microparticles (PMPs), a type of extracellular vesicle (EV), can identify patients with Gleason Score≥4+4 prostate cancer (PCa) in a manner independent of PSA. Patients and Methods Plasmas from healthy volunteers, benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, and PCa patients with various Gleason score patterns were analyzed for PMPs. We used nanoscale flow cytometry to enumerate PMPs which were defined as submicron events (100-1000nm) immunoreactive to anti-PSMA mAb when compared to isotype control labeled samples. Levels of PMPs (counts/μL of plasma) were also compared to CellSearch CTC Subclasses in various PCa metastatic disease subtypes (treatment naïve, castration resistant prostate cancer) and in serially collected plasma sets from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Results PMP levels in plasma as enumerated by nanoscale flow cytometry are effective in distinguishing PCa patients with Gleason Score≥8 disease, a high-risk prognostic factor, from patients with Gleason Score≤7 PCa, which carries an intermediate risk of PCa recurrence. PMP levels were independent of PSA and significantly decreased after surgical resection of the prostate, demonstrating its prognostic potential for clinical follow-up. CTC subclasses did not decrease after prostatectomy and were not effective in distinguishing localized PCa patients from metastatic PCa patients. Conclusions PMP enumeration was able to identify patients with Gleason Score ≥8 PCa but not patients with Gleason Score 4+3 PCa, but offers greater confidence than CTC counts in identifying patients with metastatic prostate cancer. CTC Subclass analysis was also not effective for post-prostatectomy follow up and for distinguishing metastatic PCa and localized PCa patients. Nanoscale flow cytometry of PMPs presents an emerging biomarker platform for various stages of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N Biggs
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Khurram M Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Ali A Al-Zahrani
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.,Department of Urology, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddika Pardhan
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Sabine I Brett
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Qiu Q Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas E Power
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | | | - Connor D MacMillan
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | | | | | - Neil E Fleshner
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan I Izawa
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Ann F Chambers
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Joseph L Chin
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Hon S Leong
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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MacMillan CD, Leong HS, Dales DW, Robertson AE, Lewis JD, Chambers AF, Tuck AB. CORRIGENDUM: Stage of Breast Cancer Progression Influences Cellular Response to Activation of the WNT/Planar Cell Polarity Pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7942. [PMID: 25613050 PMCID: PMC4303872 DOI: 10.1038/srep07942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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MacMillan CD, Leong HS, Clifford AG, Krstic M, Pardhan S, Dales DW, Postenka CO, Chambers AF, Tuck AB. Abstract 4055: The transcriptional regulator TBX3 promotes progression of cells representing early premalignant breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator TBX3 has been shown to be elevated in metastatic breast cancer and is thought to be involved in promoting malignancy of breast and other carcinomas. In a series of cell lines derived from the same patient with breast cancer, we previously showed that metastatic 21MT-1 cells express elevated levels of TBX3, while low levels are expressed by the ductal carcinoma in situ-like 21NT cells. Here we hypothesized that upregulation of TBX3 in 21NT cells would promote their progression to a more malignant phenotype. We found that 21NT cells engineered to overexpress either isoform of TBX3 (iso1, iso2) have an altered growth in 3D Matrigel, with increased colony-forming ability, higher number of cells per colony and less spherical, more irregular colonies, consistent with increased invasiveness. Transwell assays through Matrigel showed increased invasiveness of 21NT cells overexpressing either TBX3 isoform and in vivo assay in the chick embryo similarly showed increased propensity of TBX3 over-expressing 21NT cells for extravasation. These TBX3-induced changes were associated with increased vimentin expression, but minimal change in e-cadherin expression. Overall, these results indicate that TBX3 (iso1 or iso2) expression can promote progression in a model of early breast cancer, by altering cell properties involved in cell survival/colony formation and invasiveness.
Citation Format: Connor D. MacMillan, Hon S. Leong, Allen G. Clifford, Milica Krstic, Siddika Pardhan, David W. Dales, Carl O. Postenka, Ann F. Chambers, Alan B. Tuck. The transcriptional regulator TBX3 promotes progression of cells representing early premalignant breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4055. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4055
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hon S. Leong
- 1London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Milica Krstic
- 2Western University, Department of Pathology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan B. Tuck
- 1London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
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6
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MacMillan CD, Leong HS, Dales DW, Robertson AE, Lewis JD, Chambers AF, Tuck AB. Stage of breast cancer progression influences cellular response to activation of the WNT/planar cell polarity pathway. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6315. [PMID: 25204426 PMCID: PMC4159636 DOI: 10.1038/srep06315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling has been shown in different studies to either promote or inhibit the malignancy of breast cancer. Using the 21T cell lines, which were derived from an individual patient and represent distinct stages of progression, we show that the prototypical PCP ligand, WNT5A, is expressed highest in 21MT-1 cells (invasive mammary carcinoma) and lowest in 21PT (atypical ductal hyperplasia) and 21NT (ductal carcinoma in situ) cells. Overexpression of WNT5A decreased spherical colony formation and increased invasion and in vivo extravasation only in 21NT cells; whereas overexpression increased migration of both 21PT and 21NT cells. WNT5A overexpression also increased RHOA expression of both cell lines and subsequent RHOA knockdown blocked WNT5A-induced migration, but only partially blocked WNT5A-induced invasion of 21NT cells. PCP can signal through VANGL1 to modulate AP-1 target genes (e.g. MMP3) and induce invasion. VANGL1 knockdown inhibited WNT5A-induced invasion of 21NT cells, but had no effect on WNT5A-induced migration of either 21PT or 21NT cells. WNT5A-induced MMP3 expression was seen only in 21NT cells, an effect that was VANGL1 dependent, but independent of AP-1. We thus provide evidence that PCP signaling can act in a context dependent manner to promote breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D MacMillan
- 1] Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [2] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [3] Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - Hon S Leong
- 1] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [2] Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - David W Dales
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
| | - Amy E Robertson
- 1] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [2] Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - John D Lewis
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Ann F Chambers
- 1] Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [2] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [3] Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [4] Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - Alan B Tuck
- 1] Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [2] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [3] Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
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