1
|
Buhas BA, Toma V, Beauval JB, Andras I, Couți R, Muntean LAM, Coman RT, Maghiar TA, Știufiuc RI, Lucaciu CM, Crisan N. Label-Free SERS of Urine Components: A Powerful Tool for Discriminating Renal Cell Carcinoma through Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3891. [PMID: 38612705 PMCID: PMC11011951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has enabled the exploration and detection of small molecules, particularly in biological fluids such as serum, blood plasma, urine, saliva, and tears. SERS has been proposed as a simple diagnostic technique for various diseases, including cancer. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ranks as the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and is often asymptomatic, with detection occurring incidentally. The onset of symptoms typically aligns with advanced disease, aggressive histology, and unfavorable prognosis, and therefore new methods for an early diagnosis are needed. In this study, we investigated the utility of label-free SERS in urine, coupled with two multivariate analysis approaches: Principal Component Analysis combined with Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), to discriminate between 50 RCC patients and 44 healthy donors. Employing LDA-PCA, we achieved a discrimination accuracy of 100% using 13 principal components, and an 88% accuracy in discriminating between different RCC stages. The SVM approach yielded a training accuracy of 100%, a validation accuracy of 99% for discriminating between RCC and controls, and an 80% accuracy for discriminating between stages. The comparative analysis of raw and normalized SERS spectral data shows that while raw data disclose relative concentration variations in urine metabolites between the two classes, the normalization of spectral data significantly improves the accuracy of discrimination. Moreover, the selection of principal components with markedly distinct scores between the two classes serves to alleviate overfitting risks and reduces the number of components employed for discrimination. We obtained the accuracy of the discrimination between the RCC patients cases and healthy donors of 90% for three PCs and a linear discrimination function, and a 88% accuracy of discrimination between stages using six PCs, mitigating practically the risk of overfitting and increasing the robustness of our analysis. Our findings underscore the potential of label-free SERS of urine in conjunction with chemometrics for non-invasive and early RCC detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Adrian Buhas
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 52 Chemin de Ribaute St., 31130 Quint Fonsegrives, France; (B.A.B.); (J.-B.B.)
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (N.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (R.C.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Valentin Toma
- Department of Nanobiophysics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Pasteur St., 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Jean-Baptiste Beauval
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 52 Chemin de Ribaute St., 31130 Quint Fonsegrives, France; (B.A.B.); (J.-B.B.)
| | - Iulia Andras
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (N.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Couți
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (R.C.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Lucia Ana-Maria Muntean
- Department of Medical Education, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Radu-Tudor Coman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (R.C.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Rareș-Ionuț Știufiuc
- Department of Nanobiophysics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Pasteur St., 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics–Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iași, Romania
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics–Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Crisan
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (N.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lucaciu CM. Magnetic Nanomaterials for Hyperthermia-Based Therapy, Imaging, and Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:263. [PMID: 38399317 PMCID: PMC10893062 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanomedicine has experienced remarkable advancements, due to the development of new nanomaterials with outstanding properties that have demonstrated significant advantages over traditional medicines [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buhas BA, Toma V, Crisan N, Ploussard G, Maghiar TA, Știufiuc RI, Lucaciu CM. High-Accuracy Renal Cell Carcinoma Discrimination through Label-Free SERS of Blood Serum and Multivariate Analysis. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:813. [PMID: 37622899 PMCID: PMC10452371 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and is asymptomatic, being detected mostly incidentally. The apparition of symptoms correlates with advanced disease, aggressive histology, and poor outcomes. The development of the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technique opened the way for investigating and detecting small molecules, especially in biological liquids such as serum or blood plasma, urine, saliva, and tears, and was proposed as a simple technique for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated the use of serum label-free SERS combined with two multivariate analysis tests: Principal Component Analysis combined with Linear Discriminate Analysis (PCA-LDA) and Supported Vector Machine (SVM) for the discrimination of 50 RCC cancer patients from 45 apparently healthy donors. In the case of LDA-PCA, we obtained a discrimination accuracy of 100% using 12 principal components and a quadratic discrimination function. The accuracy of discrimination between RCC stages was 88%. In the case of the SVM approach, we obtained a training accuracy of 100%, a validation accuracy of 92% for the discrimination between RCC and controls, and an accuracy of 81% for the discrimination between stages. We also performed standard statistical tests aimed at improving the assignment of the SERS vibration bands, which, according to our data, are mainly due to purinic metabolites (uric acid and hypoxanthine). Moreover, our results using these assignments and Student's t-test suggest that the main differences in the SERS spectra of RCC patients are due to an increase in the uric acid concentration (a conclusion in agreement with recent literature), while the hypoxanthine concentration is not statistically different between the two groups. Our results demonstrate that label-free SERS combined with chemometrics holds great promise for non-invasive and early detection of RCC. However, more studies are needed to validate this approach, especially when combined with other urological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Adrian Buhas
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 52 Chemin de Ribaute St., 31130 Quint Fonsegrives, France; (B.A.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Valentin Toma
- Department of Nanobiophysics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Pasteur St., 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Nicolae Crisan
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Urology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Guillaume Ploussard
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 52 Chemin de Ribaute St., 31130 Quint Fonsegrives, France; (B.A.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Rareș-Ionuț Știufiuc
- Department of Nanobiophysics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Pasteur St., 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics–Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics–Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucaciu CM, Nitica S, Fizesan I, Filip L, Bilteanu L, Iacovita C. Enhanced Magnetic Hyperthermia Performance of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles under a Parallel and a Transverse Bias DC Magnetic Field. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12203578. [PMID: 36296768 PMCID: PMC9611223 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The collective organization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) influences significantly their hyperthermic properties, relevant for their in vitro and in vivo applications. We report a systematic investigation of the effects of the concentration and the static bias direct current (DC) magnetic field superposed over the alternating magnetic field (AMF), both in a parallel and perpendicular configuration, on the specific absorption rate (SAR) by using zinc ferrite MNPs. The nonmonotonic dependence of the SAR on the concentration, with a maximum at very small concentrations (c ≤ 0.1 mgFe/mL), followed by a minimum at 0.25 mgFe/mL, and the second maximum of 3.3 kW/gFe at around 1 mgFe/mL, was explained by the passage of the MNPs from a single particle behavior to a collective one and the role of the dipolar interactions. By superposing a static 10 kA/m bias DC field on the AMF we obtained an increase in the SAR for both parallel and perpendicular orientations, up to 4285 W/gFe and 4070 W/gFe, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental proof of a significant enhancement of the SAR produced by a perpendicular DC field. The effect of the DC field to increase the SAR is accompanied by an increase in the hyperthermia coercive field (HcHyp) for both configurations. No enhancement of the DC fields was noticed for the MNPs immobilized in a solid matrix but the DC field increases the HcHyp only in the parallel configuration. This translates into a higher SAR value for the perpendicular configuration as compared to the parallel configuration. These results have practical applications for magnetic hyperthermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Nitica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionel Fizesan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Department Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
- Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae St., 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nitica S, Fizesan I, Dudric R, Barbu-Tudoran L, Pop A, Loghin F, Vedeanu N, Lucaciu CM, Iacovita C. A Fast, Reliable Oil-In-Water Microemulsion Procedure for Silica Coating of Ferromagnetic Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles Capable of Inducing Cancer Cell Death In Vitro. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071647. [PMID: 35884954 PMCID: PMC9313231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles (F-MNPs) in magnetic hyperthermia (MH) are restricted by their stabilization in microscale aggregates due to magnetostatic interactions significantly reducing their heating performances. Coating the F-MNPs in a silica layer is expected to significantly reduce the magnetostatic interactions, thereby increasing their heating ability. A new fast, facile, and eco-friendly oil-in-water microemulsion-based method was used for coating Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 F-MNPs in a silica layer within 30 min by using ultrasounds. The silica-coated clusters were characterized by various physicochemical techniques and MH, while cytotoxicity studies, cellular uptake determination, and in vitro MH experiments were performed on normal and malignant cell lines. The average hydrodynamic diameter of silica-coated clusters was approximately 145 nm, displaying a high heating performance (up to 2600 W/gFe). Biocompatibility up to 250 μg/cm2 (0.8 mg/mL) was recorded by Alamar Blue and Neutral Red assays. The silica-coating increases the cellular uptake of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 clusters up to three times and significantly improves their intracellular MH performances. A 90% drop in cellular viability was recorded after 30 min of MH treatment (20 kA/m, 355 kHz) for a dosage level of 62.5 μg/cm2 (0.2 mg/mL), while normal cells were more resilient to MH treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nitica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
| | - Ionel Fizesan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Center “Prof. C. Craciun”, Faculty of Biology & Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 5–7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67–103 Donath St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicoleta Vedeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.L.); (C.I.); Tel.: +40-744-647-854 (C.M.L.)
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.L.); (C.I.); Tel.: +40-744-647-854 (C.M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fizesan I, Iacovita C, Pop A, Kiss B, Dudric R, Stiufiuc R, Lucaciu CM, Loghin F. The Effect of Zn-Substitution on the Morphological, Magnetic, Cytotoxic, and In Vitro Hyperthermia Properties of Polyhedral Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2148. [PMID: 34959431 PMCID: PMC8708233 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical translation of magnetic hyperthermia (MH) needs magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with enhanced heating properties and good biocompatibility. Many studies were devoted lately to the increase in the heating power of iron oxide MNPs by doping the magnetite structure with divalent cations. A series of MNPs with variable Zn/Fe molar ratios (between 1/10 and 1/1) were synthesized by using a high-temperature polyol method, and their physical properties were studied with different techniques (Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). At low Zn doping (Zn/Fe ratio 1/10), a significant increase in the saturation magnetization (90 e.m.u./g as compared to 83 e.m.u./g for their undoped counterparts) was obtained. The MNPs' hyperthermia properties were assessed in alternating magnetic fields up to 65 kA/m at a frequency of 355 kHz, revealing specific absorption rates of up to 820 W/g. The Zn ferrite MNPs showed good biocompatibility against two cell lines (A549 cancer cell line and BJ normal cell line) with a drop of only 40% in the viability at the highest dose used (500 μg/cm2). Cellular uptake experiments revealed that the MNPs enter the cells in a dose-dependent manner with an almost 50% higher capacity of cancer cells to accommodate the MNPs. In vitro hyperthermia data performed on both cell lines indicate that the cancer cells are more sensitive to MH treatment with a 90% drop in viability after 30 min of MH treatment at 30 kA/m for a dose of 250 μg/cm2. Overall, our data indicate that Zn doping of iron oxide MNPs could be a reliable method to increase their hyperthermia efficiency in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Fizesan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (B.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (B.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Bela Kiss
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (B.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Rares Stiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (B.K.); (F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iacoviță C, Fizeșan I, Nitica S, Florea A, Barbu-Tudoran L, Dudric R, Pop A, Vedeanu N, Crisan O, Tetean R, Loghin F, Lucaciu CM. Silica Coating of Ferromagnetic Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Significantly Enhances Their Hyperthermia Performances for Efficiently Inducing Cancer Cells Death In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2026. [PMID: 34959308 PMCID: PMC8706665 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and magnetic heating performance of ferromagnetic iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles (F-MNPs) is clearly required to efficiently induce apoptosis of cancer cells by magnetic hyperthermia (MH). Thus, F-MNPs were coated with silica layers of different thicknesses via a reverse microemulsion method, and their morphological, structural, and magnetic properties were evaluated by multiple techniques. The presence of a SiO2 layer significantly increased the colloidal stability of F-MNPs, which also enhanced their heating performance in water with almost 1000 W/gFe as compared to bare F-MNPs. The silica-coated F-MNPs exhibited biocompatibility of up to 250 μg/cm2 as assessed by Alamar Blues and Neutral Red assays on two cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The cancer cells were found to internalize a higher quantity of silica-coated F-MNPs, in large endosomes, dispersed in the cytoplasm or inside lysosomes, and hence were more sensitive to in vitro MH treatment compared to the normal ones. Cellular death of more than 50% of the malignant cells was reached starting at a dose of 31.25 μg/cm2 and an amplitude of alternating magnetic field of 30 kA/m at 355 kHz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Iacoviță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (S.N.); (N.V.)
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Stefan Nitica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (S.N.); (N.V.)
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Center “Prof. C. Craciun”, Faculty of Biology & Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (R.T.)
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicoleta Vedeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (S.N.); (N.V.)
| | - Ovidiu Crisan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Romulus Tetean
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (R.T.)
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (S.N.); (N.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kerroum MAA, Iacovita C, Baaziz W, Ihiawakrim D, Rogez G, Benaissa M, Lucaciu CM, Ersen O. Quantitative Analysis of the Specific Absorption Rate Dependence on the Magnetic Field Strength in Zn xFe 3-xO 4 Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7775. [PMID: 33096631 PMCID: PMC7590026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic ZnxFe3-xO4 magnetic nanoparticles (0 ≤ x < 0.5) with spherical shapes of 16 nm average diameter and different zinc doping level have been successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method. The homogeneous zinc substitution of iron cations into the magnetite crystalline structure has led to an increase in the saturation magnetization of nanoparticles up to 120 Am2/kg for x ~ 0.3. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values increased considerably when x is varied between 0 and 0.3 and then decreased for x ~ 0.5. The SAR values are reduced upon the immobilization of the nanoparticles in a solid matrix being significantly increased by a pre-alignment step in a uniform static magnetic field before immobilization. The SAR values displayed a quadratic dependence on the alternating magnetic field amplitude (H) up to 35 kA/m. Above this value, a clear saturation effect of SAR was observed that was successfully described qualitatively and quantitatively by considering the non-linear field's effects and the magnetic field dependence of both Brown and Neel relaxation times. The Neel relaxation time depends more steeply on H as compared with the Brown relaxation time, and the magnetization relaxation might be dominated by the Neel mechanism, even for nanoparticles with large diameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alae Ait Kerroum
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France; (M.A.A.K.); (W.B.); (D.I.); (G.R.)
- Laboratoire de Matière Condensée et Sciences Interdisciplinaires (LaMCScI), Faculty of Sciences, BP 1014 RP, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco;
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Walid Baaziz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France; (M.A.A.K.); (W.B.); (D.I.); (G.R.)
| | - Dris Ihiawakrim
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France; (M.A.A.K.); (W.B.); (D.I.); (G.R.)
| | - Guillaume Rogez
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France; (M.A.A.K.); (W.B.); (D.I.); (G.R.)
| | - Mohammed Benaissa
- Laboratoire de Matière Condensée et Sciences Interdisciplinaires (LaMCScI), Faculty of Sciences, BP 1014 RP, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco;
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg CEDEX 2, France; (M.A.A.K.); (W.B.); (D.I.); (G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iacovita C, Fizeșan I, Pop A, Scorus L, Dudric R, Stiufiuc G, Vedeanu N, Tetean R, Loghin F, Stiufiuc R, Lucaciu CM. In Vitro Intracellular Hyperthermia of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles, Synthesized at High Temperature by a Polyol Process. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E424. [PMID: 32384665 PMCID: PMC7285148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (IOMNPs) using the polyol method performed at elevated temperature (300 °C) and high pressure. The ferromagnetic polyhedral IOMNPs exhibited high saturation magnetizations at room temperature (83 emu/g) and a maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2400 W/gFe in water. The uniform dispersion of IOMNPs in solid matrix led to a monotonous increase of SAR maximum (3600 W/gFe) as the concentration decreased. Cytotoxicity studies on two cell lines (cancer and normal) using Alamar Blues and Neutral Red assays revealed insignificant toxicity of the IOMNPs on the cells up to a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. The cells internalized the IOMNPs inside lysosomes in a dose-dependent manner, with higher amounts of IOMNPs in cancer cells. Intracellular hyperthermia experiments revealed a significant increase in the macroscopic temperatures of the IOMNPs loaded cell suspensions, which depend on the amount of internalized IOMNPs and the alternating magnetic field amplitude. The cancer cells were found to be more sensitive to the intracellular hyperthermia compared to the normal ones. For both cell lines, cells heated at the same macroscopic temperature presented lower viability at higher amplitudes of the alternating magnetic field, indicating the occurrence of mechanical or nanoscale heating effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur, 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur, 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Lavinia Scorus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (G.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Gabriela Stiufiuc
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (G.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Nicoleta Vedeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Romulus Tetean
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.D.); (G.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur, 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Rares Stiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
- Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (L.S.); (N.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Știufiuc GF, Nițică Ș, Toma V, Iacoviță C, Zahn D, Tetean R, Burzo E, Lucaciu CM, Știufiuc RI. Synergistical Use of Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions for the Synthesis of a New Class of Multifunctional Nanohybrids: Plasmonic Magneto-Liposomes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9111623. [PMID: 31731719 PMCID: PMC6915406 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
By carefully controlling the electrostatic interactions between cationic liposomes, which already incorporate magnetic nanoparticles in the bilayers, and anionic gold nanoparticles, a new class of versatile multifunctional nanohybrids (plasmonic magneto-liposomes) that could have a major impact in drug delivery and controlled release applications has been synthesized. The experimental results confirmed the successful synthesis of hydrophobic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and polyethylene glycol functionalized (PEGylated) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The SPIONs were incorporated in the liposomal lipidic bilayers, thus promoting the formation of cationic magnetoliposomes. Different concentrations of SPIONs were loaded in the membrane. The cationic magnetoliposomes were decorated with anionic PEGylated gold nanoparticles using electrostatic interactions. The successful incorporation of SPIONs together with the modifications they generate in the bilayer were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The plasmonic properties of the multifunctional nanohybrids were investigated using UV-Vis absorption and (surface-enhanced) Raman spectroscopy. Their hyperthermic properties were recorded at different frequencies and magnetic field intensities. After the synthesis, the nanosystems were extensively characterized in order to properly evaluate their potential use in drug delivery applications and controlled release as a result of the interaction with an external stimulus, such as an NIR laser or alternating magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fabiola Știufiuc
- Faculty of Physics, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.F.Ș.); (R.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Ștefan Nițică
- MedFuture Research Center for Advance Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, L. Pasteur 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.N.); (V.T.)
| | - Valentin Toma
- MedFuture Research Center for Advance Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, L. Pasteur 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.N.); (V.T.)
| | - Cristian Iacoviță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, L. Pasteur 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Dietrich Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Romulus Tetean
- Faculty of Physics, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.F.Ș.); (R.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Emil Burzo
- Faculty of Physics, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.F.Ș.); (R.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, L. Pasteur 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Rareș Ionuț Știufiuc
- MedFuture Research Center for Advance Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, L. Pasteur 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Ș.N.); (V.T.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, L. Pasteur 4-6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.); (C.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iacovita C, Florea A, Scorus L, Pall E, Dudric R, Moldovan AI, Stiufiuc R, Tetean R, Lucaciu CM. Hyperthermia, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Uptake Properties of Manganese and Zinc Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Polyol-Mediated Process. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1489. [PMID: 31635415 PMCID: PMC6835619 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Manganese and zinc ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were successfully synthesizedusing the polyol method in ethylene glycol and were found to have high saturation magnetizationvalues (90-95 emu/g at 4 K) when formed by ~30-nm crystallites assembled in an ~80-nm multicorestructure. Hyperthermia data revealed a sigmoidal dependence of the specific absorption rate (SAR)on the alternating magnetic field (AMF) amplitude, with remarkable saturation SAR values in waterof ~1200 W/gFe+Mn and ~800 W/gFe+Zn for the Mn and Zn ferrites, respectively. The immobilizationof the MNPs in a solid matrix reduced the maximum SAR values by ~300 W/gFe+Mn, Zn for bothferrites. The alignment of the MNPs in a uniform static magnetic field, before their immobilizationin a solid matrix, significantly increased their heating performance. Toxicity assays performed infour cell lines revealed a lower toxicity for the Mn ferrites, while in the case of the Zn ferrites, only~50% of cells were viable upon their incubation for 24 h with 0.2 mg/mL of MNPs. Cellular uptakeexperiments revealed that both MNPs entered the cells in a time-dependent manner, as they werefound initially in endosomes and later in the cytosol. All of the studied cell lines were more sensitiveto the ZnFe2O4 MNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lavinia Scorus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Emoke Pall
- Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Veterinary Gynecology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, "Babes Bolyai" University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alin Iulian Moldovan
- Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Rares Stiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Romulus Tetean
- Faculty of Physics, "Babes Bolyai" University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Benedec D, Oniga I, Cuibus F, Sevastre B, Stiufiuc G, Duma M, Hanganu D, Iacovita C, Stiufiuc R, Lucaciu CM. Origanum vulgare mediated green synthesis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles simultaneously possessing plasmonic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1041-1058. [PMID: 29503540 PMCID: PMC5824763 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The leaves and flowering stem of Origanum vulgare contain essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. We propose a new, simple, one-pot, O. vulgare extract (OVE) mediated green synthesis method of biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possessing improved antioxidant, antimicrobial and plasmonic properties. Materials and methods Different concentrations of OVEs were used to reduce gold ions and to synthetize biocompatible spherical AuNPs. Their morphology and physical properties have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas their plasmonic properties have been tested using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The antioxidant properties of nanoparticles (NPs) have been evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, and the antimicrobial tests were performed using the disk diffusion assay. Their cytotoxicity has been assessed by means of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results The experimental results confirmed the successful synthesis of biocompatible, spherical, plasmonic NPs having a mean diameter of ~40 nm and an outstanding aqueous stability. This new class of NPs exhibits a very good antioxidant activity and presents interesting inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Due to their plasmonic properties, AuNPs are used as SERS substrates for the detection of a test molecule (methylene blue) up to a concentration of 10-7 M and a pharmaceutical compound (propranolol) in solution. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that AuNPs are better tolerated by normal human dermal fibroblast cells, while the melanoma cancer cells are more sensitive. Conclusion The biocompatible AuNPs synthetized using OVEs showed significant bactericidal and antimycotic activities, the most sensitive microorganisms being S. aureus and C. albicans, both commonly involved in various dermatological infections. Moreover, the significant antioxidant effect might recommend their use for protective and/or preventive effect in various skin inflammatory conditions, including the reduction in side effects in dermatological infections. Meanwhile, the as-synthesized biocompatible AuNPs can be successfully used as SERS substrates for the detection of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Benedec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
| | - Flavia Cuibus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
| | - Bogdan Sevastre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Mihaela Duma
- State Veterinary Laboratory for Animal Health and Safety
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
| | - Rares Stiufiuc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.,Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advance Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iacovita C, Florea A, Dudric R, Pall E, Moldovan AI, Tetean R, Stiufiuc R, Lucaciu CM. Small versus Large Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: Hyperthermia and Cell Uptake Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:E1357. [PMID: 27754394 PMCID: PMC6274490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient use of magnetic hyperthermia in clinical cancer treatment requires biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), with improved heating capabilities. Small (~34 nm) and large (~270 nm) Fe₃O₄-MNPs were synthesized by means of a polyol method in polyethylene-glycol (PEG) and ethylene-glycol (EG), respectively. They were systematically investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and vibration sample magnetometry. Hyperthermia measurements showed that Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) dependence on the external alternating magnetic field amplitude (up to 65 kA/m, 355 kHz) presented a sigmoidal shape, with remarkable SAR saturation values of ~1400 W/gMNP for the small monocrystalline MNPs and only 400 W/gMNP for the large polycrystalline MNPs, in water. SAR values were slightly reduced in cell culture media, but decreased one order of magnitude in highly viscous PEG1000. Toxicity assays performed on four cell lines revealed almost no toxicity for the small MNPs and a very small level of toxicity for the large MNPs, up to a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. Cellular uptake experiments revealed that both MNPs penetrated the cells through endocytosis, in a time dependent manner and escaped the endosomes with a faster kinetics for large MNPs. Biodegradation of large MNPs inside cells involved an all-or-nothing mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, ''Iuliu Hatieganu'' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, "Babes Bolyai" University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Emoke Pall
- Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Veterinary Gynecology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alin Iulian Moldovan
- Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advance Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Romulus Tetean
- Faculty of Physics, "Babes Bolyai" University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Rares Stiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Bionanoscopy, MedFuture Research Center for Advance Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
Manganese uptake by human erythrocytes was investigated in the concentration range 0.5-20 mM in the suspending solution, by using the EPR technique. S shaped dependencies of manganese influx on manganese doping solution concentration for both fresh and vanadate treated erythrocytes were found, with maximum influx values of 4.1 +/- 1.9 x 10(-10) mol/m2 x s and 2.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(-9) mol/m2 x s, respectively. At low manganese concentrations (< 2 mM) the manganese permeability coefficient increases with increasing the doping concentration, the ions cooperate for achieving a transport event. For high manganese concentration (> 5 mM) the permeability coefficient decreases with increasing the doping concentration, the ions competing for the limited amount of transport system. A similar increase in manganese uptake as in vanadate treated erythrocytes was measured for 'in vitro' aged erythrocytes. These results might suggest that human erythrocytes possess an active transport mechanism by which, they oppose to manganese influx. This hypothesis is also supported by the 10-15 min time lag between the moment of doping and the start of the manganese influx into the fresh erythrocytes. The manganese uptake inhibition by nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, for the case of vanadate treated erythrocytes, suggests that, at least partially, manganese uptake by the cells occurs via the 'calcium channels'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Lucaciu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics and Radiopharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|