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Moreira LM, Takawale A, Hulsurkar M, Menassa DA, Antanaviciute A, Lahiri SK, Mehta N, Evans N, Psarros C, Robinson P, Sparrow AJ, Gillis MA, Ashley N, Naud P, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Theofilatos K, Lee A, Norris M, Clarke MV, Russell PK, Casadei B, Bhattacharya S, Zajac JD, Davey RA, Sirois M, Mead A, Simmons A, Mayr M, Sayeed R, Krasopoulos G, Redwood C, Channon KM, Tardif JC, Wehrens XHT, Nattel S, Reilly S. Paracrine signalling by cardiac calcitonin controls atrial fibrogenesis and arrhythmia. Nature 2020; 587:460-465. [PMID: 33149301 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is an important contributor to mortality and morbidity, and particularly to the risk of stroke in humans1. Atrial-tissue fibrosis is a central pathophysiological feature of atrial fibrillation that also hampers its treatment; the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood and warrant investigation given the inadequacy of present therapies2. Here we show that calcitonin, a hormone product of the thyroid gland involved in bone metabolism3, is also produced by atrial cardiomyocytes in substantial quantities and acts as a paracrine signal that affects neighbouring collagen-producing fibroblasts to control their proliferation and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. Global disruption of calcitonin receptor signalling in mice causes atrial fibrosis and increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation. In mice in which liver kinase B1 is knocked down specifically in the atria, atrial-specific knockdown of calcitonin promotes atrial fibrosis and increases and prolongs spontaneous episodes of atrial fibrillation, whereas atrial-specific overexpression of calcitonin prevents both atrial fibrosis and fibrillation. Human patients with persistent atrial fibrillation show sixfold lower levels of myocardial calcitonin compared to control individuals with normal heart rhythm, with loss of calcitonin receptors in the fibroblast membrane. Although transcriptome analysis of human atrial fibroblasts reveals little change after exposure to calcitonin, proteomic analysis shows extensive alterations in extracellular matrix proteins and pathways related to fibrogenesis, infection and immune responses, and transcriptional regulation. Strategies to restore disrupted myocardial calcitonin signalling thus may offer therapeutic avenues for patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Moreira
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Abhijit Takawale
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohit Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Menassa
- Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Satadru K Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neelam Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Evans
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Constantinos Psarros
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Sparrow
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc-Antoine Gillis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neil Ashley
- Single-Cell Genomics Facility, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrice Naud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Angela Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Norris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele V Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia K Russell
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam Mead
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Simmons
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rana Sayeed
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - George Krasopoulos
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- IHU LIRYC, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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6
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Antonopoulos AS, Margaritis M, Coutinho P, Digby J, Patel R, Psarros C, Ntusi N, Karamitsos TD, Lee R, De Silva R, Petrou M, Sayeed R, Demosthenous M, Bakogiannis C, Wordsworth PB, Tousoulis D, Neubauer S, Channon KM, Antoniades C. Reciprocal Effects of Systemic Inflammation and Brain Natriuretic Peptide on Adiponectin Biosynthesis in Adipose Tissue of Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2151-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To explore the role of systemic inflammation in the regulation of adiponectin levels in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Approach and Results—
In a cross-sectional study of 575 subjects, serum adiponectin was compared between healthy subjects, patients with coronary artery disease with no/mild/severe heart failure (HF), and patients with nonischemic HF. Adiponectin expression and release from femoral, subcutaneous and thoracic adipose tissue was determined in 258 additional patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. Responsiveness of the various human adipose tissue depots to interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was examined by using ex vivo models of human fat. The effects of inducible low-grade inflammation were tested by using the model of
Salmonella typhi
vaccine-induced inflammation in healthy individuals. In the cross-sectional study, HF strikingly increased adiponectin levels. Plasma BNP was the strongest predictor of circulating adiponectin and its release from all adipose tissue depots in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting, even in the absence of HF. Femoral AT was the depot with the least macrophages infiltration and the largest adipocyte cell size and the only responsive to systemic and ex vivo proinflammatory stimulation (effect reversible by BNP). Low-grade inflammation reduced circulating adiponectin levels, while circulating BNP remained unchanged.
Conclusions—
This study demonstrates the regional variability in the responsiveness of human adipose tissue to systemic inflammation and suggests that BNP (not systemic inflammation) is the main driver of circulating adiponectin in patients with advanced atherosclerosis even in the absence of HF. Any interpretation of circulating adiponectin as a biomarker should take into account the underlying disease state, background inflammation, and BNP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios S. Antonopoulos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Marios Margaritis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Patricia Coutinho
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Janet Digby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Rikhil Patel
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Constantinos Psarros
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Ntobeko Ntusi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Theodoros D. Karamitsos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Regent Lee
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Ravi De Silva
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Mario Petrou
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Rana Sayeed
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Michael Demosthenous
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Constantinos Bakogiannis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Paul B. Wordsworth
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Keith M. Channon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (A.S.A., M.M., P.C., J.D., R.P., N.N., T.D.K., R.L., S.N., K.M.C., C.A.); 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece (C.P., M.D., C.B., D.T.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.D.S., M.P., R.S.); and NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit & Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,
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10
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Dimova I, Hlushchuk R, Makanya A, Djonov V, Theurl M, Schgoer W, Albrecht K, Beer A, Patsch JR, Schratzberger P, Mahata S, Kirchmair R, Didie M, Christalla P, Rau T, Eschenhagen T, Schumacher U, Lin Q, Zenke M, Zimmmermann W, Hoch M, Fischer P, Stapel B, Missol-Kolka E, Erschow S, Scherr M, Drexler H, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Diebold I, Petry A, Kennel P, Djordjevic T, Hess J, Goerlach A, Castellano J, Aledo R, Sendra J, Costales P, Badimon L, Llorente-Cortes V, Dworatzek E, Mahmoodzadeh S, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Posa A, Varga C, Berko A, Veszelka M, Szablics P, Vari B, Pavo I, Laszlo F, Brandenburger M, Wenzel J, Bogdan R, Richardt D, Reppel M, Hescheler J, Terlau H, Dendorfer A, Heijman J, Rudy Y, Westra R, Volders P, Rasmusson R, Bondarenko V, Ertas Gokhan MD, Ural Ertan MD, Karaoz Erdal PHD, Aksoy Ayca PHD, Kilic Teoman MD, Kozdag Guliz MD, Vural Ahmet MD, Ural Dilek MD, Poulet C, Christ T, Wettwer E, Ravens U, Van Der Pouw Kraan C, Schirmer S, Fledderus J, Moerland P, Leyen T, Piek J, Van Royen N, Horrevoets A, Fleissner F, Jazbutyte V, Fiedler J, Galuppo P, Mayr M, Ertl G, Bauersachs J, Thum T, Protze S, Bussek A, Ravens U, Li F, Hoo R, Lam K, Xu A, Westenbrink B, Maass A, Sillje H, Van Veldhuisen D, Van Gilst W, De Boer R, Biesmans L, Bito V, Driessen R, Holemans P, Subramanian P, Lenaerts I, Huysmans C, Sipido K, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Galanopoulos G, Gavra M, Perimenis P, Spanou D, Cokkinos D, Karshovska E, Berezin A, Panasenko T, Euler G, Partsch S, Harjung C, Heger J, Bogdanova A, Mihov D, Mocharla P, Yakushev S, Megens R, Vogel J, Gassmann M, Tavakoli R, Johansen D, Sanden E, Xi C, Sundset R, Ytrehus K, Bliksoen M, Rutkovskiy A, Akhtar S, Mariero L, Vaage I, Stenslokken K, Pisarenko O, Shulzhenko V, Studneva I, Serebryakova L, Tskitishvili O, Pelogeykina Y, Timoshin A, Heyll K, Vanin A, Ziberna L, Lunder M, Drevensek G, Passamonti S, Gorza L, Ravara B, Scapin C, Vitadello M, Zigrino F, Jansen Y, Gerosa G, Gwathmey J, Del Monte F, Vilahur G, Juan-Babot O, Onate B, Casani L, Badimon L, Lemoine S, Calmettes G, Weber C, Jaspard-Vinassa B, Duplaa C, Couffinhal T, Diolez P, Dos Santos P, Fusco A, Santulli G, Cipolletta E, Sorriento D, Cervero P, Schober A, Trimarco B, Feliciello A, Iaccarino G, Loganathan S, Barnucz E, Korkmaz S, Hirschberg K, Karck M, Szabo G, Kozichova K, Zafeiriou M, Hlavackova M, Neckar J, Kolar F, Novakova O, Novak F, Kusmic C, Matteucci M, Pelosi G, Vesentini N, Barsanti C, Noack C, Trivella M, Abraham N, L'abbate A, Muntean D, Mirica S, Duicu O, Raducan A, Hancu M, Fira-Mladinescu O, Ordodi V, Renger A, Voelkl J, Haubner B, Neely G, Moriell C, Seidl S, Pachinger O, Penninger J, Metzler B, Dietz R, Zelarayan L, Bergmann M, Meln I, Malashicheva A, Anisimov S, Kalinina N, Sysoeva V, Zaritskey A, Barbuti A, Scavone A, Mazzocchi N, Crespi A, Capilupo D, Difrancesco D, Qian L, Shim W, Gu Y, Mohammed S, Wong P, Noack C, Renger A, Zafiriou M, Dietz R, Schaeffer H, Bergmann M, Zelarayan L, Kovacs P, Simon J, Christ T, Wettwer E, Varro A, Ravens U, Athias P, Wolf J, Bouchot O, Vandroux D, Mathe A, De Carvalho A, Laurent G, Rainer P, Huber M, Edelmann F, Stojakovic T, Trantina-Yates A, Trauner M, Pieske B, Von Lewinski D, De Jong A, Maass A, Oberdorf-Maass S, Van Gelder I, Lin Y, Li J, Wang F, He Y, Li X, Xu H, Yang X, Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Ferrara C, Rossi A, Mugelli A, Poggesi C, Cerbai E, Rozmaritsa N, Voigt N, Christ T, Wettwer E, Dobrev D, Ravens U, Kienitz MC, Zoidl G, Bender K, Pott L, Kohajda Z, Kristof A, Kovacs P, Virag L, Varro A, Jost N, Voigt N, Trafford A, Ravens U, Dobrev D, Prnjavorac B, Mujaric E, Jukic J, Abduzaimovic K, Brack K, Patel V, Coote J, Ng G, Wilders R, Van Ginneken A, Verkerk A, Brack K, Coote J, Ng G, Xaplanteris P, Vlachopoulos C, Baou K, Vassiliadou C, Dima I, Ioakeimidis N, Stefanadis C, Ruifrok W, Qian C, Sillje H, Van Goor H, Van Veldhuisen D, Van Gilst W, De Boer R, Schmidt K, Kaiser F, Erdmann J, De Wit C, Barnett O, Kyyak Y, Cesana F, Boffi L, Mauri T, Alloni M, Betelli M, 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Saturday, 17 July 2010. Cardiovasc Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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