Consensus Recommendation for Mouse Models of Ocular Hypertension to Study Aqueous Humor Outflow and Its Mechanisms

Due to their similarities in anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology to humans, mice are a valuable model system to study the generation and mechanisms modulating conventional outflow resistance and thus intraocular pressure. In addition, mouse models are critical for understanding the complex nature of conventional outflow homeostasis and dysfunction that results in ocular hypertension. In this review, we describe a set of minimum acceptable standards for developing, characterizing, and utilizing mouse models of open-angle ocular hypertension. We expect that this set of standard practices will increase scientific rigor when using mouse models and will better enable researchers to replicate and build upon previous findings.

Effect of information about waiting lists on referral patterns of general practitioners

In a two year trial general practitioners in the West Midlands were provided with extended waiting time information for hospital consultation and treatment in general surgery. Selected general practitioners were sent monthly bulletins on comparative times to wait for both outpatient appointment and inpatient treatment throughout the region. Their referrals to consultant general surgeons were monitored, alongside those of a matched control group not receiving such information. Differences were found between the two groups which indicate the willingness of general practitioners to change their referral practice when adequate information is available. In addition, patients referred to their local hospital had longer waiting times than patients matched for clinical condition and district of origin who were sent to hospitals where it was indicated that a shorter wait might be expected.