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Bernatz S, Ilina EI, Devraj K, Harter PN, Mueller K, Kleber S, Braun Y, Penski C, Renner C, Halder R, Jennewein L, Solbach C, Thorsen F, Pestalozzi BC, Mischo A, Mittelbronn M. Impact of Docetaxel on blood-brain barrier function and formation of breast cancer brain metastases. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:434. [PMID: 31665089 PMCID: PMC6819416 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignant tumor in females and the 2nd most common cause of brain metastasis (BM), that are associated with a fatal prognosis. The increasing incidence from 10% up to 40% is due to more effective treatments of extracerebral sites with improved prognosis and increasing use of MRI in diagnostics. A frequently administered, potent chemotherapeutic group of drugs for BC treatment are taxanes usually used in the adjuvant and metastatic setting, which, however, have been suspected to be associated with a higher incidence of BM. The aim of our study was to experimentally analyze the impact of the taxane docetaxel (DTX) on brain metastasis formation, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS A monocentric patient cohort was analyzed to determine the association of taxane treatment and BM formation. To identify the specific impact of DTX, a murine brain metastatic model upon intracardial injection of breast cancer cells was conducted. To approach the functional mechanism, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and electron microscopy of mice as well as in-vitro transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and tracer permeability assays using brain endothelial cells (EC) were carried out. PCR-based, immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses with additional RNA sequencing of murine and human ECs were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms by DTX treatment. RESULTS Taxane treatment was associated with an increased rate of BM formation in the patient cohort and the murine metastatic model. Functional studies did not show unequivocal alterations of blood-brain barrier properties upon DTX treatment in-vivo, but in-vitro assays revealed a temporary DTX-related barrier disruption. We found disturbance of tubulin structure and upregulation of tight junction marker claudin-5 in ECs. Furthermore, upregulation of several members of the tubulin family and downregulation of tetraspanin-2 in both, murine and human ECs, was induced. CONCLUSION In summary, a higher incidence of BM was associated with prior taxane treatment in both a patient cohort and a murine mouse model. We could identify tubulin family members and tetraspanin-2 as potential contributors for the destabilization of the blood-brain barrier. Further analyses are needed to decipher the exact role of those alterations on tumor metastatic processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernatz
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elena I Ilina
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mueller
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sascha Kleber
- Oncology Centre Hirslanden and Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Braun
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Penski
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Lukas Jennewein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frits Thorsen
- KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bernhard C Pestalozzi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Rämistrasse 100, CH-8891, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Mischo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Rämistrasse 100, CH-8891, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg, Luxembourg. .,Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. .,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. .,National Center of Pathology (NCP), Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), 1, Rue Louis Rech, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
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2
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Jennewein L, Ronellenfitsch MW, Antonietti P, Ilina EI, Jung J, Stadel D, Flohr LM, Zinke J, von Renesse J, Drott U, Baumgarten P, Braczynski AK, Penski C, Burger MC, Theurillat JP, Steinbach JP, Plate KH, Dikic I, Fulda S, Brandts C, Kögel D, Behrends C, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M. Diagnostic and clinical relevance of the autophago-lysosomal network in human gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20016-32. [PMID: 26956048 PMCID: PMC4991435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the conserved intracellular digestion mechanism ‘autophagy’ has been considered to be involved in early tumorigenesis and its blockade proposed as an alternative treatment approach. However, there is an ongoing debate about whether blocking autophagy has positive or negative effects in tumor cells. Since there is only poor data about the clinico-pathological relevance of autophagy in gliomas in vivo, we first established a cell culture based platform for the in vivo detection of the autophago-lysosomal components. We then investigated key autophagosomal (LC3B, p62, BAG3, Beclin1) and lysosomal (CTSB, LAMP2) molecules in 350 gliomas using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and qPCR. Autophagy was induced pharmacologically or by altering oxygen and nutrient levels. Our results show that autophagy is enhanced in astrocytomas as compared to normal CNS tissue, but largely independent from the WHO grade and patient survival. A strong upregulation of LC3B, p62, LAMP2 and CTSB was detected in perinecrotic areas in glioblastomas suggesting micro-environmental changes as a driver of autophagy induction in gliomas. Furthermore, glucose restriction induced autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner while hypoxia or amino acid starvation had considerably lesser effects. Apoptosis and autophagy were separately induced in glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that autophagy in gliomas is rather driven by micro-environmental changes than by primary glioma-intrinsic features thus challenging the concept of exploitation of the autophago-lysosomal network (ALN) as a treatment approach in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Jennewein
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Antonietti
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena I Ilina
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Stadel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Flohr
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny Zinke
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janusz von Renesse
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Drott
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne K Braczynski
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Penski
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael C Burger
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Plate
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Brandts
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Ilina EI, Armento A, Sanchez LG, Reichlmeir M, Braun Y, Penski C, Capper D, Sahm F, Jennewein L, Harter PN, Zukunft S, Fleming I, Schulte D, Le Guerroué F, Behrends C, Ronellenfitsch MW, Naumann U, Mittelbronn M. Effects of soluble CPE on glioma cell migration are associated with mTOR activation and enhanced glucose flux. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67567-67591. [PMID: 28978054 PMCID: PMC5620194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) has recently been described as a multifunctional protein that regulates proliferation, migration and survival in several tumor entities. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant primary brain tumor, secreted CPE (sCPE) was shown to modulate tumor cell migration. In our current study, we aimed at clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating anti-migratory as well as novel metabolic effects of sCPE in GBM. Here we show that sCPE activates mTORC1 signaling in glioma cells detectable by phosphorylation of its downstream target RPS6. Additionally, sCPE diminishes glioma cell migration associated with a negative regulation of Rac1 signaling via RPS6, since both inhibition of mTOR and stimulation of Rac1 results in a reversed effect of sCPE on migration. Knockdown of CPE leads to a decrease of active RPS6 associated with increased GBM cell motility. Apart from this, we show that sCPE enhances glucose flux into the tricarboxylic acid cycle at the expense of lactate production, thereby decreasing aerobic glycolysis, which might as well contribute to a less invasive behavior of tumor cells. Our data contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of GBM cell migration and sheds new light on how tumor cell invasion and metabolic plasticity are interconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Ilina
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Angela Armento
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Garea Sanchez
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marina Reichlmeir
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yannick Braun
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Penski
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Jennewein
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Francois Le Guerroué
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.,NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (L.I.H.), 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratoire National de Santé, Department of Pathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4361 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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4
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Pfeilschifter W, Steinstraesser T, Paulus P, Zeiner PS, Bohmann F, Theisen A, Lindhoff-Last E, Penski C, Wagner M, Mittelbronn M, Foerch C. Risk of long-term anticoagulation under sustained severe arterial hypertension: A translational study comparing warfarin and the new oral anticoagulant apixaban. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:855-865. [PMID: 27189904 PMCID: PMC5363464 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16642443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New oral anticoagulants for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation have recently been introduced. In this translational study, we explored the risk of long-term anticoagulation on intracerebral hemorrhage under sustained severe arterial hypertension. We initiated anticoagulation with warfarin or apixaban in spontaneously hypertensive rats prone to develop severe hypertension and subsequent intracerebral bleeding complications. A non-anticoagulated group served as control. During an 11-week-study period, blood pressure, anticoagulation parameters, and clinical status were determined regularly. The incidence of histopathologically proven intracerebral hemorrhage was defined as the primary endpoint. Both warfarin and apixaban anticoagulation was fairly stable during the study period, and all rats developed severe hypertension. Intracerebral hemorrhage was determined in 29% (4/14) of warfarin rats and in 10% (1/10) of apixaban rats. Controls did not show cerebral bleeding complications (chi-square not significant). Mortality rate at study termination was 33% (2/6) in controls, 43% (6/14) in the warfarin group, and 60% (6/10) in the apixaban group. Animals died from extracerebral complications in most cases. Our study describes an experimental intracerebral hemorrhage model in the context of sustained hypertension and long-term anticoagulation. Extracerebral bleeding complications occurred more often in warfarin-treated animals compared with apixaban and control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Paulus
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Pia Susan Zeiner
- 1 Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Bohmann
- 1 Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alf Theisen
- 3 Zentrale Forschungseinheit, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edelgard Lindhoff-Last
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,5 CCB Coagulation Research Center, Bethanien Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Penski
- 6 Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marlies Wagner
- 7 Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- 6 Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Foerch
- 1 Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Montalbán Del Barrio I, Penski C, Schlahsa L, Stein RG, Diessner J, Wöckel A, Dietl J, Lutz MB, Mittelbronn M, Wischhusen J, Häusler SFM. Adenosine-generating ovarian cancer cells attract myeloid cells which differentiate into adenosine-generating tumor associated macrophages - a self-amplifying, CD39- and CD73-dependent mechanism for tumor immune escape. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:49. [PMID: 27532024 PMCID: PMC4986205 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OvCA) tissues show abundant expression of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 which generate immunomodulatory adenosine, thereby inhibiting cytotoxic lymphocytes. Little, however, is known about the effect of adenosine on myeloid cells. Considering that tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) constitute up to 20 % of OvCA tissue, we investigated the effect of adenosine on myeloid cells and explored a possible contribution of myeloid cells to adenosine generation in vitro and ex vivo. METHODS Monocytes were used as human blood-derived myeloid cells. After co-incubation with SK-OV-3 or OAW-42 OvCA cells, monocyte migration was determined in transwell assays. For conversion into M2-polarized "TAM-like" macrophages, monocytes were co-incubated with OAW-42 cells. Ex vivo TAMs were obtained from OvCA ascites. Macrophage phenotypes were investigated by intracellular staining for IL-10 and IL-12. CD39 and CD73 expression were assessed by FACS analysis both on in vitro-induced TAM-like macrophages and on ascites-derived ex situ-TAMs. Myeloid cells in solid tumor tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Generation of biologically active adenosine by TAM-like macrophages was measured in luciferase-based reporter assays. Functional effects of adenosine were investigated in proliferation-experiments with CD4(+) T cells and specific inhibitors. RESULTS When CD39 or CD73 activity on OvCA cells were blocked, the migration of monocytes towards OvCA cells was significantly decreased. In vivo, myeloid cells in solid ovarian cancer tissue were found to express CD39 whereas CD73 was mainly detected on stromal fibroblasts. Ex situ-TAMs and in vitro differentiated TAM-like cells, however, upregulated the expression of CD39 and CD73 compared to monocytes or M1 macrophages. Expression of ectonucleotidases also translated into increased levels of biologically active adenosine. Accordingly, co-incubation with these TAMs suppressed CD4(+) T cell proliferation which could be rescued via blockade of CD39 or CD73. CONCLUSION Adenosine generated by OvCA cells likely contributes to the recruitment of TAMs which further amplify adenosine-dependent immunosuppression via additional ectonucleotidase activity. In solid ovarian cancer tissue, TAMs express CD39 while CD73 is found on stromal fibroblasts. Accordingly, small molecule inhibitors of CD39 or CD73 could improve immune responses in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Montalbán Del Barrio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Penski
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura Schlahsa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland G Stein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Diessner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Dietl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacherstrasse 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian F M Häusler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Brandes RP, Harenkamp S, Schürmann C, Josipovic I, Rashid B, Rezende F, Löwe O, Moll F, Epah J, Eresch J, Nayak A, Kopaliani I, Penski C, Mittelbronn M, Weissmann N, Schröder K. The Cytosolic NADPH Oxidase Subunit NoxO1 Promotes an Endothelial Stalk Cell Phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1558-65. [PMID: 27283741 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases contribute to angiogenesis and vascular repair. NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (NoxO1) is a cytosolic protein facilitating assembly of constitutively active NADPH oxidases. We speculate that NoxO1 also contributes to basal reactive oxygen species formation in the vascular system and thus modulates angiogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS A NoxO1 knockout mouse was generated, and angiogenesis was studied in cultured cells and in vivo. Angiogenesis of the developing retina and after femoral artery ligation was increased in NoxO1(-/-) when compared with wild-type animals. Spheroid outgrowth assays revealed greater angiogenic capacity of NoxO1(-/-) lung endothelial cells (LECs) and a more tip-cell-like phenotype than wild-type LECs. Usually signaling by the Notch pathway switches endothelial cells from a tip into a stalk cell phenotype. NoxO1(-/-) LECs exhibited attenuated Notch signaling as a consequence of an attenuated release of the Notch intracellular domain on ligand stimulation. This release is mediated by proteolytic cleavage involving the α-secretase ADAM17. For maximal activity, ADAM17 has to be oxidized, and overexpression of NoxO1 promoted this mode of activation. Moreover, the activity of ADAM17 was reduced in NoxO1(-/-) LECs when compared with wild-type LECs. CONCLUSIONS NoxO1 stimulates α-secretase activity probably through reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidation. Deletion of NoxO1 attenuates Notch signaling and thereby promotes a tip-cell phenotype that results in increased angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P Brandes
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Sabine Harenkamp
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Christoph Schürmann
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Ivana Josipovic
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Beliza Rashid
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Flavia Rezende
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Oliver Löwe
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Franziska Moll
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Jeremy Epah
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Jeanette Eresch
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Arnab Nayak
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Irakli Kopaliani
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Cornelia Penski
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.)
| | - Katrin Schröder
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology (R.P.B., S.H., C.S., I.J., B.R., F.R., O.L., F.M., J.E., K.S.), Pharmazentrum Frankfurt (J.E.), Institute for Biochemistry II (A.N.), and Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) (C.P., M.M.), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany (I.K.); Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany (N.W.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., C.S., I.J., F.R., O.L., F.M., K.S.).
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Helfinger V, Henke N, Harenkamp S, Walter M, Epah J, Penski C, Mittelbronn M, Schröder K. The NADPH Oxidase Nox4 mediates tumour angiogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:435-46. [PMID: 26513738 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to identify the role of the NADPH oxidase Nox4 for tumour angiogenesis in a slow-growing tumour model in mice. METHODS Tumour angiogenesis was studied in tumours induced by the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in wild-type and Nox knockout mice. Mice were killed when the tumour reached a diameter of 1.5 cm and tumour tissue was used for histological and molecular analysis. RESULTS 3-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in wild-type, Nox1y/-, Nox2y/- and Nox4-/- mice. Histological analysis of vessel density using anti-CD31 staining showed a significant 38% reduction in tumour vascularization in fibrosarcomas of Nox4-/- mice. In contrast, tumour angiogenesis was doubled in Nox1 knockout mice, whereas knockout of Nox2 had no effect on tumour-vessel density. As underlying mechanisms, we identified a defect in hypoxia signalling in Nox4-/- mice. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-1α) accumulation in the tumours was attenuated as was the expression of the Hif-1α-dependent pro-angiogenic genes vascular endothelial growth factor-A, glucose transporter 1 and adrenomedullin. CONCLUSION By regulating the tumour-vessel density through stabilization of Hif-1α and induction of VEGF expression, Nox4 promotes tumour angiogenesis and may represent a novel target for anti-angiogenic tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Helfinger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - N. Henke
- Institute for Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - S. Harenkamp
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - M. Walter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - J. Epah
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - C. Penski
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - M. Mittelbronn
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute) Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - K. Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
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8
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Braczynski AK, Harter PN, Zeiner PS, Drott U, Tews DS, Preusse C, Penski C, Dunst M, Weis J, Stenzel W, Mittelbronn M. C5b-9 deposits on endomysial capillaries in non-dermatomyositis cases. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:283-91. [PMID: 27020463 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deposits of the terminal-membrane-attack-complex (MAC) C5b-9 on perfascicular endomysial capillaries are generally regarded as diagnostic hallmark of dermatomyositis (DM). Although the pathophysiology is not clear, C5b-9 deposits on capillaries seem to be associated with microinfarctions and vascular damage. Here, we report on a series of 19 patients presenting with C5b-9 accumulation on endomysial capillaries in the absence of features for DM. To decipher differences in the capillary C5b-9 accumulation pattern between DM and non-DM cases, we assessed the extent of endomysial capillary C5b-9 deposits related to capillary density and extent of myofiber necrosis by immunohistochemistry in 12 DM and 8 control patients. We found similar numbers of C5b-9-positive myofibers in both DM and non-DM C5b-9(+) cases. The distribution pattern differed as DM cases showed significantly more perifascicular capillary C5b-9 deposits as compared to non-DM cases, which presented stronger endomysial capillary C5b-9 deposits in a diffuse pattern. While total capillary density was not differing, DM patients displayed significantly more C5b-9(+) necrotic fibers as compared to non-DM C5b-9(+). In summary, endomysial capillary C5b-9 deposits are present in a variety of non-DM cases, however with differing distribution pattern. In conclusion, capillary C5b-9(+) deposits should be assessed critically, taking into consideration the distribution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Braczynski
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia S Zeiner
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Drott
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelia Penski
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maika Dunst
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute, Institute of Neurology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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