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Sheikh K, Bhalla A, Ouriadov A, Young HM, Yamashita CM, Luu TM, Katz S, Parraga G. Pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of lung structure and function in adult survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with COPD. Cogent Medicine 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1282033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Sheikh
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Anurag Bhalla
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Alexei Ouriadov
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Heather M. Young
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Cory M. Yamashita
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sherri Katz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Canada N6A 5B7
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Puntorieri V, McCaig LA, Howlett CJ, Yao LJ, Lewis JF, Yamashita CM, Veldhuizen RAW. Lack of matrix metalloproteinase 3 in mouse models of lung injury ameliorates the pulmonary inflammatory response in female but not in male mice. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:365-379. [PMID: 27676418 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1231243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex pulmonary disorder in which the local release of cytokines and chemokines appears central to the pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE Based on the known role of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) in inflammatory processes, the objective was to examine the role of MMP3 in the pathogenesis of ARDS through the modulation of pulmonary inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female and male, wild type (MMP3+/+) and knock out (MMP3-/-) mice were exposed to two, clinically relevant models of ARDS including (i) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury, and (ii) hydrochloric acid-induced lung injury. Parameters of lung injury and inflammation were assessed through measurements in lung lavage including total protein content, inflammatory cell influx, and concentrations of mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, G-CSF, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL2. Lung histology and compliance were also evaluated in the LPS model of injury. RESULTS Following intra-tracheal LPS instillation, all mice developed lung injury, as measured by an increase in lavage neutrophils, and decrease in lung compliance, with no overall effect of genotype observed. Increased concentrations of lavage inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also observed following LPS injury, however, LPS-instilled female MMP3-/- mice had lower levels of inflammatory mediators compared to LPS-instilled female MMP3+/+ mice. This effect of the genotype was not observed in male mice. Similar findings, including the MMP3-related sex differences, were also observed after acid-induced lung injury. CONCLUSION MMP3 contributes to the pathogenesis of ARDS, by affecting the pulmonary inflammatory response in female mice in relevant models of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Puntorieri
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lynda A McCaig
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Christopher J Howlett
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Li-Juan Yao
- c Department of Medicine , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - James F Lewis
- c Department of Medicine , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Cory M Yamashita
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Medicine , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Medicine , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
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Yamashita CM, Cybulskie C, Milos S, Zuo YY, McCaig LA, Veldhuizen RAW. The effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3 deficiency on pulmonary surfactant in a mouse model of acute lung injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:682-5. [PMID: 27096327 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by arterial hypoxemia accompanied by severe inflammation and alterations to the pulmonary surfactant system. Published data has demonstrated a protective effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) deficiency against the inflammatory response associated with ARDS; however, the effect of Mmp3 on physiologic parameters and alterations to surfactant have not been previously studied. It was hypothesized that Mmp3 deficient (Mmp3(-/-)) mice would be protected against lung dysfunction associated with ARDS and maintain a functional pulmonary surfactant system. Wild type (WT) and Mmp3(-/-) mice were subjected to acid-aspiration followed by mechanical ventilation. Mmp3(-/-) mice maintained higher arterial oxygenation compared with WT mice at the completion of ventilation. Significant increase in functional large aggregate surfactant forms were observed in Mmp3(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. These findings further support a role of Mmp3 as an attractive therapeutic target for drug development in the setting of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Yamashita
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London ON, Canada.,c Department of Medicine, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Candice Cybulskie
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Scott Milos
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynda A McCaig
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- a Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London ON, Canada.,c Department of Medicine, Western University, London ON, Canada
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Hiansen JQ, Keating E, Aspros A, Yao LJ, Bosma KJ, Yamashita CM, Lewis JF, Veldhuizen RAW. Cholesterol-mediated surfactant dysfunction is mitigated by surfactant protein A. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1848:813-20. [PMID: 25522687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pulmonary surfactant to reduce surface tension at the alveolar surface is impaired in various lung diseases. Recent animal studies indicate that elevated levels of cholesterol within surfactant may contribute to its inhibition. It was hypothesized that elevated cholesterol levels within surfactant inhibit human surfactant biophysical function and that these effects can be reversed by surfactant protein A (SP-A). The initial experiment examined the function of surfactant from mechanically ventilated trauma patients in the presence and absence of a cholesterol sequestering agent, methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The results demonstrated improved surface activity when cholesterol was sequestered in vitro using a captive bubble surfactometer (CBS). These results were explored further by reconstitution of surfactant with various concentrations of cholesterol with and without SP-A, and testing of the functionality of these samples in vitro with the CBS and in vivo using surfactant depleted rats. Overall, the results consistently demonstrated that surfactant function was inhibited by levels of cholesterol of 10% (w/w phospholipid) but this inhibition was mitigated by the presence of SP-A. It is concluded that cholesterol-induced surfactant inhibition can actively contribute to physiological impairment of the lungs in mechanically ventilated patients and that SP-A levels may be important to maintain surfactant function in the presence of high cholesterol within surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Qua Hiansen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Alex Aspros
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Li-Juan Yao
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Karen J Bosma
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Cory M Yamashita
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - James F Lewis
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Aschner Y, Zemans RL, Yamashita CM, Downey GP. Matrix metalloproteinases and protein tyrosine kinases: potential novel targets in acute lung injury and ARDS. Chest 2014; 146:1081-1091. [PMID: 25287998 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS fall within a spectrum of pulmonary disease that is characterized by hypoxemia, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and dysregulated and excessive inflammation. While mortality rates have improved with the advent of specialized ICUs and lung protective mechanical ventilation strategies, few other therapies have proven effective in the management of ARDS, which remains a significant clinical problem. Further development of biomarkers of disease severity, response to therapy, and prognosis is urgently needed. Several novel pathways have been identified and studied with respect to the pathogenesis of ALI and ARDS that show promise in bridging some of these gaps. This review will focus on the roles of matrix metalloproteinases and protein tyrosine kinases in the pathobiology of ALI in humans, and in animal models and in vitro studies. These molecules can act independently, as well as coordinately, in a feed-forward manner via activation of tyrosine kinase-regulated pathways that are pivotal in the development of ARDS. Specific signaling events involving proteolytic processing by matrix metalloproteinases that contribute to ALI, including cytokine and chemokine activation and release, neutrophil recruitment, transmigration and activation, and disruption of the intact alveolar-capillary barrier, will be explored in the context of these novel molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aschner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Cory M Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO; Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO.
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Yamashita CM, Radisky DC, Aschner Y, Downey GP. The importance of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in respiratory disorders. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 8:411-21. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2014.909288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yamashita CM, Fessler MB, Vasanthamohan L, Lac J, Madenspacher J, McCaig L, Yao L, Wang L, Puntorieri V, Mehta S, Lewis JF, Veldhuizen RAW. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice are susceptible to the development of acute lung injury. Respiration 2014; 87:416-27. [PMID: 24662316 DOI: 10.1159/000358438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been shown to play a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular disease, attributable to its function in lipid trafficking and immune modulating properties; however, its role in modulating inflammation in the setting of acute lung injury (ALI) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether apoE-deficient mice (apoE-/-) are more susceptible to ALI compared to wild-type (WT) animals. METHODS Two independent models of ALI were employed. Firstly, WT and apoE-/- mice were randomized to acid aspiration (50 μl of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid) followed by 4 h of mechanical ventilation. Secondly, WT and apoE-/- mice were randomized to 72 h of hyperoxia exposure or room air. Thereafter, the intrinsic responses of WT and apoE-/- mice were assessed using the isolated perfused mouse lung (IPML) setup. Finally, based on elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in apoE-/-, the effect of oxLDL on lung endothelial permeability and inflammation was assessed. RESULTS In both in vivo models, apoE-/- mice demonstrated greater increases in lung lavage protein levels, neutrophil counts, and cytokine expression (p < 0.05) compared to WT mice. Experiments utilizing the IPML setup demonstrated no differences in intrinsic lung responses to injury between apoE-/- and WT mice, suggesting the presence of a circulating factor as being responsible for the in vivo observations. Finally, the exposure of lung endothelial cells to oxLDL resulted in increased monolayer permeability and IL-6 release compared to native (nonoxidized) LDL. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a susceptibility of apoE-/- animals to ALI that may occur, in part, due to elevated levels of oxLDL.
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Abstract
In 2007, Bosma et. al provided a comprehensive review of emerging therapies for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a condition which continues to carry a mortality rate of greater than 30%. Over the past several years, the development of novel and effective therapeutic agents for ARDS remains disappointing, and unfortunately, no recent therapeutic interventions have demonstrated a clear benefit. Herein, the results of several of these early and late phase clinical trials are reviewed, the majority of which address known maladaptive processes that have been deemed critical in ARDS pathophysiology. Based on the ongoing futility of current therapeutic models to yield effective therapies, it is speculated whether or not novel treatment paradigms, which address distinctly different aspects of this disease paradigm, may be warranted.
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Yamashita CM, Dolgonos L, Zemans RL, Young SK, Robertson J, Briones N, Suzuki T, Campbell MN, Gauldie J, Radisky DC, Riches DWH, Yu G, Kaminski N, McCulloch CAG, Downey GP. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 is a mediator of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2011; 179:1733-45. [PMID: 21871427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) may be triggered by epithelial injury that results in aberrant production of growth factors, cytokines, and proteinases, leading to proliferation of myofibroblasts, excess deposition of collagen, and destruction of the lung architecture. The precise mechanisms and key signaling mediators responsible for this aberrant repair process remain unclear. We assessed the importance of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in the pathogenesis of IPF through i) determination of MMP-3 expression in patients with IPF, ii) in vivo experiments examining the relevance of MMP-3 in experimental models of fibrosis, and iii) in vitro experiments to elucidate possible mechanisms of action. Gene expression analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis of explanted human lungs revealed enhanced expression of MMP-3 in IPF, compared with control. Transient adenoviral vector-mediated expression of recombinant MMP-3 in rat lung resulted in accumulation of myofibroblasts and pulmonary fibrosis. Conversely, MMP-3-null mice were protected against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In vitro treatment of cultured lung epithelial cells with purified MMP-3 resulted in activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway, via cleavage of E-cadherin, and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These processes were inhibited in bleomycin-treated MMP-3-null mice, as assessed by cytosolic translocation of β-catenin and cyclin D1 expression. These observations support a novel role for MMP-3 in the pathogenesis of IPF, through activation of β-catenin signaling and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Walker MG, Yao LJ, Patterson EK, Joseph MG, Cepinskas G, Veldhuizen RAW, Lewis JF, Yamashita CM. The effect of tidal volume on systemic inflammation in Acid-induced lung injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 81:333-42. [PMID: 21311175 DOI: 10.1159/000323609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overwhelming systemic inflammation has been implicated in the progression of acute lung injury (ALI) leading to multiple organ failure (MOF) and death. Previous studies suggest that mechanical ventilation (MV) may be a key mediator of MOF through an upregulation of the systemic inflammatory response. OBJECTIVES It was the aim of this study to investigate mechanisms whereby mechanical stress induced by different tidal volumes may contribute to the development of systemic inflammation and maladaptive peripheral organ responses in the setting of ALI. METHODS An acid aspiration model of ALI was employed in 129X1/SVJ mice through an intratracheal administration of hydrochloric acid followed by MV employing either a low (5 ml/kg) or high (12.5 ml/kg) tidal volume ventilation for 120 min. The isolated perfused mouse lung setup was used to assess the specific contribution of the lung to systemic inflammation during MV. Furthermore, lung perfusate collected over the course of MV was used to assess the effects of lung-derived mediators on activation (expression of a proadhesive phenotype) of liver endothelial cells. RESULTS High tidal volume MV of acid-injured lungs resulted in greater physiologic and histological indices of lung injury compared to control groups. Additionally, there was an immediate and significant release of multiple inflammatory mediators from the lung into the systemic circulation which resulted in greater levels of mRNA adhesion molecule expression in liver endothelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that MV, specifically tidal volume strategy, influences the development of MOF through an upregulation of lung-derived systemic inflammation resulting in maladaptive cellular changes in peripheral organs.
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Yamashita CM, Veldhuizen RAW. Swept under the carpet? The role of mucociliary clearance in ventilator-induced lung injury. Intensive Care Med 2010; 37:4-6. [PMID: 20981408 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-010-2058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yamashita CM, Langridge J, Hergott CA, Inculet RI, Malthaner RA, Lefcoe MS, Mehta S, Mahon JL, Lee TY, McCormack DG. Predicting postoperative FEV1 using spiral computed tomography. Acad Radiol 2010; 17:607-13. [PMID: 20188601 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Lung resection for primary bronchogenic carcinoma in the setting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often requires a detailed assessment of lung function to avoid perioperative complications and long-term disability. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a novel technique of spiral computed tomographic (CT) subtraction imaging provides accuracy equal to the current standard of radioisotope perfusion scintigraphy in predicting postoperative lung function. METHODS AND MATERIALS Preoperative lung function, radioisotope perfusion scintigraphy, spiral CT subtraction imaging, and assessment of postoperative lung function were performed in 25 patients with surgically resectable primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Comparisons of predicted postoperative lung function between the two modalities and to true postoperative lung function were performed using Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis. RESULTS Among the 25 patients enrolled in the study, there was a high degree of agreement between the predicted value of postoperative forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) generated on novel contrast CT subtraction imaging and that on radioisotope perfusion scintigraphy (r = 0.96, P < .001). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the predicted and actual postoperative FEV(1) values for both imaging modalities (r = 0.87, P < .001, and r = 0.88, P < .001, respectively), among the 14 patients completing the study protocol. CONCLUSION A novel technique of CT subtraction imaging is equally accurate at predicting postoperative lung function as radioisotope perfusion scintigraphy, which may obviate the need for additional nuclear imaging in the context of the preoperative assessment of resectable lung cancer in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Yamashita
- Division of Respirology, London Health Sciences Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Yamashita CM, Forbes AR, Veldhuizen R, Lewis JF. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ELEVATED ENDOGENOUS SURFACTANT POOLS IN RATS SUBJECTED TO INJURIOUS MECHANICAL VENTILATION. Chest 2006. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.130.4_meetingabstracts.208s-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Nunes SOV, Reiche EMV, Morimoto HK, Matsuo T, Itano EN, Xavier ECD, Yamashita CM, Vieira VR, Menoli AV, Silva SS, Costa FB, Reiche FV, Silva FLV, Kaminami MS. Immune and hormonal activity in adults suffering from depression. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:581-7. [PMID: 12011944 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between depression and altered immune and hormonal systems has been suggested by the results of many studies. In the present study we carried out immune and hormonal measurements in 40 non-medicated, ambulatory adult patients with depression determined by CID-10 criteria and compared with 34 healthy nondepressed subjects. The severity of the condition was determined with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Of 40 depressed patients, 31 had very severe and 9 severe or moderate depression, 29 (72.5%) were females and 11 (27.5%) were males (2.6:1 ratio). The results revealed a significant reduction of albumin and elevation of alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta-globulins, and soluble IL-2 receptor in patients with depression compared to the values obtained for nondepressed subjects (P<0.05). The decrease lymphocyte proliferation in response to a mitogen was significantly lower in severely or moderately depressed patients when compared to control (P<0.05). These data confirm the immunological disturbance of acute phase proteins and cellular immune response in patients with depression. Other results may be explained by a variety of interacting factors such as number of patients, age, sex, and the nature, severity and/or duration of depression. Thus, the data obtained should be interpreted with caution and the precise clinical relevance of these findings requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O V Nunes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Legislação e Deontologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Av. Robert Koch 60, 86038-440 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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