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Thériault R, Ismail S, Bouchard F, Tétreault-Laflamme A, Richard P, Jeldres C, Morin C, Vallières É, Tu L. Retrospective study of mid- and long-term urinary complications in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and/or radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Ritterband L, Shaffer K, Thorndike F, Ingersoll K, Cohn W, Chow P, Frederick C, MacDonnell K, Glazer J, Heath G, Le N, Finkelstein E, Gonder-Frederick L, Quigg M, Bashir M, Morin C. An RCT of an Internet Intervention for Insomnia Tailored for Older Adults (SHUTi-OASIS). Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mehlman C, Swalduz A, Monnet I, Morin C, Guisier F, Curcio H, Du Rusquec P, Cortot A, Gounant V, Abbar B, Duchemann B, Giroux-Leprieur E, Pierret T, Quilot F, Cadranel J, Fallet V. 995P Effectiveness of combination of osimertinib with another targeted therapy in advanced EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer harbouring other oncogenic drivers: The real-world COMPOSIT study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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4
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Portet-Koltalo F, Guibert N, Morin C, de Mengin-Fondragon F, Frouard A. Evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants from various materials in professional seating furnishing wastes from French flows. Waste Manag 2021; 131:108-116. [PMID: 34120076 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardants that are used in polymeric materials. Due to their adverse health effects, the use of recycled wastes has been forbidden if the total PBDE content exceeds 0.1% (w/w). The objective was to estimate the proportion of PBDEs in professional seating furnishing wastes to identify the materials in which the content of PBDEs (and particularly BDE-209) could exceed the limit to eliminate them from recycling. An analytical process (microwave extraction followed by purification and chromatographic analysis) was adapted to assess with a unique methodology the amounts of eight PBDEs in materials that result from various seating wastes, such as hard plastics, foams and accompanying textiles. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to rapidly predict critical PBDE concentrations via Br. From 100 samples, the total PBDE content did not exceed the current tolerated threshold. The examined materials contained only trace levels of former PBDE formulations, and BDE-209 was identified at higher amounts, mainly in hard plastics, but these amounts were less than 312 mg kg-1. Since XRF was not reliable for quantitative measurements and was not specific, no direct correlation could be identified between Br and PBDE levels. Br was strongly associated with As in all the materials, but the presence of PBDEs was not clearly associated with the presence of other metals that are used in flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - C Morin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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5
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Morin C, Laurin L, Goupil R, Nadeau-Fredette A. POS-539 PREVIOUS SELF-CARE KIDNEY FAILURE TREATMENT AND HOME HEMODIALYSIS TRAINING LENGTH. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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6
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El Aoud S, Morin C, Boutin B, Chouchane H, Sorial D, Rondeau P, Thomas L. Ischemic cerebrovascular diseases in patients with COVID-19. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:136-139. [PMID: 32732014 PMCID: PMC7368903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S El Aoud
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Camille Hospital, 94360 Bry-Sur-Marne, France.
| | - C Morin
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Camille Hospital, 94360 Bry-Sur-Marne, France
| | - B Boutin
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Camille Hospital, 94360 Bry-Sur-Marne, France
| | - H Chouchane
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Camille Hospital, 94360 Bry-Sur-Marne, France
| | - D Sorial
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Camille Hospital, 94360 Bry-Sur-Marne, France
| | - P Rondeau
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Camille Hospital, 94360 Bry-Sur-Marne, France
| | - L Thomas
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Camille Hospital, 94360 Bry-Sur-Marne, France
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Martin M, Avril S, Morin C. A micromechanical framework of arterial tissue growth in the context of medial calcification. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1813423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Martin
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM:UMR1059, SAINBIOSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S. Avril
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM:UMR1059, SAINBIOSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C. Morin
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM:UMR1059, SAINBIOSE, Saint-Etienne, France
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Thompson E, Leung S, Lum A, Irving J, Scott S, Helpman L, Salvador S, Vicus D, Wohlmuth C, Samouëlian V, Kinloch M, Offman S, Sur M, Lytwyn A, Parra-Herran C, Grondin K, Morin C, Gougeon F, Plante M, Gotlieb W, Talhouk A, Gilks B, McAlpine J. Molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma across Canada: Variation in practice and opportunities to move towards consistency of care. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Lafont M, Morin C, Rabeau A, Michelet M, Arrouy A, Mittaine M. P258 Do smoking habits of parents of cystic fibrosis children differ from parents of diabetes mellitus type 1 children? J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Edinger JD, Walmboldt F, Holm K, Johnson RL, Simmons B, Tsai S, Morin C. 0509 Use of Blinded Hypnotic Tapering for Hypnotic Discontinuation. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Many patients have difficulties achieving hypnotic discontinuation due to anxiety that arises when they knowingly reduce their hypnotic dose or withhold it entirely. This study tested a blinded tapering approach to reduce patients’ anxiety and help them discontinue their hypnotics.
Methods
The study sample included 78 (M age = 55.2 ± 12.8 yrs.; 65.4% women) users of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Following baseline assessments, enrollees first completed 4 sessions of cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy (CBTI). Subsequently they were randomized to one of three 20-week, double-blinded tapering protocols wherein their medication dosage either remained unchanged (CTRL) or was reduced by 25% or 10% every two weeks. At the end of the 20-week period the study blind was eliminated and those who completed one of the two blinded tapering protocols entered a 3-month follow-up period, whereas CTRL participants were offered an open label taper before completing the follow-up.
Results
Among those who completed one of the blinded tapering protocols, 92.9% totally discontinued their medication use by the end of the 20-week tapering phase, whereas 77.3% in the CTRL group discontinued hypnotic use by the end of their open label tapering. At follow-up 72.1% of those who completed blinded tapering remained medication free whereas only 52% of those who underwent open-label tapering remained medication free. Comparisons at follow-up showed those who received the open-label taper continued to use hypnotics on average 2-3 nights/week compared to about 1 time every other week for the blinded taper group (p = .05). The average weekly diazepam equivalent dose of medication used by the open label tapering group was about 5 times higher than the average weekly dose used by the blind tapering group (p = .025).
Conclusion
CBTI combined with blinded hypnotic tapering is a promising treatment approach for helping hypnotic users overcome their medication dependence.
Support
National Institute of Drug Abuse, Grant # R34 DA042329-01
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Edinger
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - K Holm
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | | | - S Tsai
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - C Morin
- Laval University, Quebec City, QC, CANADA
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Taylor D, Bunnell B, Calhoun C, Pruiksma K, Dietch J, Wardle-Pinkston S, Milanak M, Rheingold A, Simmons R, Peterson A, Morin C, Ruggiero K, Brim W, Dolan D, Wilkerson A. 1186 Developing And Testing A Web-based Provider Training For Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Of Insomnia. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic insomnia is a common, debilitating disorder and a risk factor for significant medical morbidity, mental health problems, and workplace difficulties. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the gold standard treatment for insomnia. However, few providers are trained in CBT-I, in part due to a bottleneck in training availability and the time and cost associated with current training platforms. To address this training deficit, our team developed and evaluated CBTIweb.org, a web-based provider training course for CBT-I.
Methods
Feedback from alpha- and beta-testing of CBTIweb.org was collected and used to optimize course content and functionality. Then, a comparison study was conducted in which licensed providers were randomized to complete either the online CBTIweb.org course (n=21) or an in-person CBT-I training (n=23). During all phases of development, providers completed a Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ), investigator-developed website usability and content questionnaires, and pre/post-training competency assessments.
Results
Independent samples t-tests indicated significant improvements in CSUQ, and website usability and content questionnaires responses from alpha- to beta-testing (all ps < .05). Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed significant within-subject increases in knowledge acquisition (F(34.7) = 65.4, p < 0.001; baseline = 69% correct, post-training = 92% correct) when collapsed across in-person and web-based groups. The interaction group by time interaction was non-significant (F(34.7) = 1.7, p = 0.204), indicating similar gains in knowledge (i.e., equivalence) between the in-person and the CBTIweb.org training formats.
Conclusion
Alpha and beta testers of CBTIweb.org reported high levels of satisfaction while also noting areas for improvement, which were used to update the site. Findings suggest the final CBTIweb.org product successfully trained clinicians compared to an in-person workshop, given knowledge acquisition improvements. CBTIweb.org is an efficient and effective training platform for clinicians to gain knowledge and competence in the most effective treatment for insomnia.
Support
W81XWH-17-1-0165
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Affiliation(s)
- D Taylor
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - B Bunnell
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - C Calhoun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - J Dietch
- University of North Texas, Denton, TX
| | | | - M Milanak
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - A Rheingold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - R Simmons
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - C Morin
- Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - K Ruggiero
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - W Brim
- Center for Deployment Psychology, Bethesda, MD
| | - D Dolan
- Center for Deployment Psychology, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Wilkerson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Powolny T, Bassin N, Crini N, Fourel I, Morin C, Pottinger TG, Massemin S, Zahn S, Coeurdassier M. Corticosterone mediates telomere length in raptor chicks exposed to chemical mixture. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135083. [PMID: 31841853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stressors experience early in life by animals may have carry over impacts on life-traits over the life cycle. Accelerated telomere attrition induced by stress during development and growth could play a role in such delayed effects. Among stressors, exposure to chemicals may modify telomere dynamic but, to date, the trends evidenced between exposure and telomere shortening remains inconsistent. Moreover, the role of corticosterone as a possible mediator of chemical impact on telomere is not yet clearly established. Here, we investigated in wild populations of Red kite whether nestling exposure to metals and pesticides was related to corticosterone concentrations in feathers and telomere length measured in 47 individuals. Lead and mercury concentrations in blood ranged from 2.3 to 59.0 µg L-1 and to 1.4 to 115.7 µg L-1, respectively, and were below the toxicity thresholds proposed for wildlife. Rodenticides were detected in 30% of the chicks. Corticosterone increased with mercury and lead in interaction, showing a synergistic effect of these 2 non-essential metals on this stress hormone. Telomere length was not linked to metals and/or rodenticide exposure while it was related negatively to corticosterone. The relationship between telomere and corticosterone was modulated by nestling's age, which suggests that the rate of telomere shortening is higher when corticosterone increases. Our findings propose an effect of low exposure of Red Kite nestlings to mercury and lead mixture to raise baseline corticosterone in feathers. The relationships established suggest the hypothesis that telomere attrition could be an indirect consequence of metal exposure mediated by corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Powolny
- Laboratoire Chrono-environment - University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR/CNRS 6249, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.
| | - N Bassin
- Laboratoire Chrono-environment - University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR/CNRS 6249, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - N Crini
- Laboratoire Chrono-environment - University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR/CNRS 6249, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - I Fourel
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - C Morin
- LPO Franche-Comté, 7 rue Voirin, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - T G Pottinger
- CEH, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4AP, Lancaster, UK
| | - S Massemin
- IPHC - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67038 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Zahn
- IPHC - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67038 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-environment - University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR/CNRS 6249, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
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Portet-Koltalo F, Gardes T, Debret M, Copard Y, Marcotte S, Morin C, Laperdrix Q. Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, PCBs) and trace elements: Influencing factors and determination in a river sediment core. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121499. [PMID: 31685316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM), clays, sand or time are factors possibly influencing the bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from sediments. An experimental design was performed to monitor and quantify this process. The bioaccessible fraction, linked to the rapidly-desorbing fraction (Frap) of contaminants, was assessed through a non-exhaustive extraction using a carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer. OM content was the most influential factor as regards Frap. Clay percentage was a slightly influential factor for PAHs while the interaction sand × OM was a slightly influential factor for PCBs. Frap was also determined in a sediment core collected from Martot's Pond (France). The higher the PAH/PCB concentration in this sediment, the higher the bioaccessible fraction. The relationship between a lower bioaccessibility and a higher number of PAHs cycles or PCB chlorines was linear. OM content impacted on Frap only for PAHs. Sequential extractions of some trace elements were also performed to evaluate their mobility. Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni were the less bioaccessible. A great part of As, Cd and Zn was found in the most bioaccessible sediment fractions. The 40-65 cm section might be considered as the most negatively impacting on the aquatic fauna, due to Cd and Zn high bioaccessible concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - T Gardes
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - M Debret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Y Copard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - S Marcotte
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - C Morin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - Q Laperdrix
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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Rafihi-Ferreira R, Neto FL, Morin C, Toscanini A, Borges DS, Brasil I, Gallinaro J, Conway S, Hasan R. Acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia: a pilot study. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Edinger J, Morin C, Beaulieu-Bonneau S, Ivers H, Krystal A, Guay B, Bélanger L, Simmons B, Cartwright A, Busby M. Sequenced therapies for patients with chronic insomnia disorder: findings derived from sleep diary data. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Métairie M, Korb D, Morin C, Schmitz T, Sibony O. [Effectiveness of preventive cervical cerclage to prevent preterm birth in women with twin gestation with obstetrical history of late pregnancy loss or preterm birth]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 47:286-290. [PMID: 30686725 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effectiveness of preventive cervical cerclage for twin pregnancy with obstetrical history. METHODS Through this retrospective cohort study, subjects exposed between 2002 and 2017 were compared with unexposed ones. All patients who had twin pregnancy with at least one previous late pregnancy loss or prematurity before 34SA were included. Two groups were compared: "preventive cerclage" versus "no preventive cerclage". The outcome was the prematurity before 34 gestation weeks (GW) rate. RESULTS Among 1972 twin pregnancies registered between 2002 and 2017, 69 (3.5%) patients with at least one previous late pregnancy loss or prematurity before 34 GW, were part of the study. There were 20 (29.0%) women in the group "preventive cerclage" and 49 (71.0%) women in the group "no preventive cerclage". Women in the "preventive cerclage" group had poorer obstetrical history. The rate of prematurity before 34GW was not significantly different between these both groups (45.0% versus 44.9%; P=0.99, crude OR: 1.00 (0.35-2.83), adjusted OR: 1.06 (0.33-3.44)). CONCLUSIONS The prematurity rate before 34GW, in twin pregnancies with a previous late pregnancy loss or preterm birth, is not different with or without preventive cervical cerclage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Métairie
- Maternité, hopital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier 75019 Paris, France.
| | - D Korb
- Maternité, hopital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier 75019 Paris, France; Inserm U1153, équipe EPOPé, CRESS, DHU risques et grossesse, université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - C Morin
- Maternité, hopital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier 75019 Paris, France
| | - T Schmitz
- Maternité, hopital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier 75019 Paris, France; Inserm U1153, équipe EPOPé, CRESS, DHU risques et grossesse, université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - O Sibony
- Maternité, hopital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier 75019 Paris, France
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Six M, Morin C, Fardet L. [Association between prescription of long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy associated measures and prescriber's medical speciality]. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:427-432. [PMID: 30683427 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.10.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to prevent some glucocorticoid-induced adverse events, adjuvant measures are often associated with prescription of long-term (≥3 months) systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The main objective of this study was to study the association between prescription of these measures and the medical specialty of the prescriber. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted through the website www.cortisone-info.fr. Patients visiting this website and receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy were asked to fill a questionnaire asking them, among other things, the specialty of the physician who initiated glucocorticoids and the adjuvant measures they were prescribed at treatment initiation. RESULTS In all, 1383 patients answered the questionnaire and 843 (61%) questionnaires were analyzed (women: 70.6%, median age: 59 [44-70] years, current glucocorticoid dosage: 12.5 [5-30] mg/day, maximum dose: 42 [20-60] mg/day). The main prescribers were rheumatologists (30.5%) and internists (17.3%). Most adjuvant measures were heterogeneously prescribed and depended largely on the specialty of the prescribing physician. Some probably unnecessary measures in most patients (potassium supplementation, prevention of peptic ulcer, low-sodium diet) were frequently prescribed while other consensual measures (prevention of osteoporosis, vaccinations) were prescribed to less than half of patients. In multivariable analyses, most of the studied measures were more frequently prescribed by internists than by colleagues of other specialties. Pneumologists more often vaccinated patients against influenza or pneumococcus than their colleagues. CONCLUSION Adjuvant measures to long-term glucocorticoid therapy are heterogeneously prescribed. The prescriptions depend largely on the medical specialty of the prescribing physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Six
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Saint Camille, 2, rue des pères Camilliens, 94360 Bry-sur-Marne, France.
| | - C Morin
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Saint Camille, 2, rue des pères Camilliens, 94360 Bry-sur-Marne, France
| | - L Fardet
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; Équipe d'accueil EA7379 EpiDermE, université Paris-Est Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
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Mégrourèche E, Labarre J, Pettersen-Coulombe F, Papillon-Hogue C, Morin C, Ferreira E, Lebel D, Martin B. Preliminary Results from SAFEMED - a Pilot Study of Active Surveillance on Medication Exposure during Pregnancy and Lactation using Data from the Centre IMAGe. Reprod Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Malo J, Martin B, Fortin G, Morin C, Brochet M, Tremblay S, Codsi E, Ferreira E. Antenatal Baclofen Exposure–Is a Prophylactic Neonatal Treatment Necessary? Reprod Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Chelle P, Montmartin A, Piot M, Ardillon L, Wibaut B, Frotscher B, Cournil M, Morin C, Tardy-Poncet B. Prediction of individual factor VIII or IX level for the correction of thrombin generation in haemophilic patients. Haemophilia 2018; 24:995-1001. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chelle
- Mines saint-Etienne; Univ Lyon; Univ Jean Monnet; INSERM; Centre CIS; Saint Etienne France
- INSERM; U1059; SAINBIOSE; Univ Lyon; Saint Etienne France
| | - A. Montmartin
- INSERM; U1059; SAINBIOSE; Univ Lyon; Saint Etienne France
| | - M. Piot
- INSERM; U1059; SAINBIOSE; Univ Lyon; Saint Etienne France
| | - L. Ardillon
- Service d'Hématologie-Hémostase; CHU Trousseau; Tours Cedex France
| | - B. Wibaut
- Unité d'Hémostase Clinique; Institut Cœur Poumon; Haemophilia Treatment Centre; CHRU Lille; Lille France
| | - B. Frotscher
- Haemophilia Treatment Centre; CHU Nancy; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - M. Cournil
- Mines saint-Etienne; Univ Lyon; Univ Jean Monnet; INSERM; Centre CIS; Saint Etienne France
- INSERM; U1059; SAINBIOSE; Univ Lyon; Saint Etienne France
| | - C. Morin
- Mines saint-Etienne; Univ Lyon; Univ Jean Monnet; INSERM; Centre CIS; Saint Etienne France
- INSERM; U1059; SAINBIOSE; Univ Lyon; Saint Etienne France
| | - B. Tardy-Poncet
- INSERM; U1059; SAINBIOSE; Univ Lyon; Saint Etienne France
- INSERM; CIC 1408; FCRIN-INNOVTE; Saint-Etienne France
- CHU Saint-Etienne; Haemophilia Treatment Centre; UMI, Hôpital Nord; Saint-Etienne France
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Zhang N, Morin C, Guelinckx I, Moreno LA, Kavouras SA, Gandy J, Martinez H, Salas-Salvadó J, Ma G. Fluid intake in urban China: results of the 2016 Liq.In 7 national cross-sectional surveys. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:77-88. [PMID: 29923120 PMCID: PMC6008349 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To describe total fluid intake (TFI) and types of fluid consumed in urban China by age, gender, regions and city socioeconomic status relative to the adequate intakes (AI) set by the Chinese Nutrition Society. Methods In 2016, participants aged 4–9, 10–17 and 18–55 years were recruited via a door-to-door approach in 27 cities in China. In total, 2233 participants were included. The volumes and sources of TFI were collected using the Liq.In7 record, assisted by a photographic booklet of standard fluid containers. Results The mean daily TFI among children, adolescents and adults were 966, 1177 and 1387 mL, respectively. In each age group, TFI was significantly higher in male vs female (981 vs 949, 1240 vs 1113, 1442 vs 1332; mL). Approximately 45, 36 and 28% of children, adolescents and adults reached the AI. Although plain water was the highest contributor to TFI, the contribution of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) was ranked in the top three together with water and milk and derivatives. Approximately 27, 48 and 47% of children, adolescents and adults consumed more than one serving of SSB per day, respectively. Conclusions A relatively large proportion of participants did not drink enough to meet the AI in urban China. Many children, adolescents and adults consumed more than one serving of SSB per day. A majority of children, adolescents and adults in the study population do not meet both quantitative and qualitative fluid intake requirements, and signal socioeconomic disparities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1755-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - C Morin
- Department of Hydration and Health, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France
| | - I Guelinckx
- Department of Hydration and Health, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J Gandy
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK.,School of Life and Medical Services, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - H Martinez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - G Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Laksmi PW, Morin C, Gandy J, Moreno LA, Kavouras SA, Martinez H, Salas-Salvadó J, Guelinckx I. Fluid intake of children, adolescents and adults in Indonesia: results of the 2016 Liq.In 7 national cross-sectional survey. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:89-100. [PMID: 29923119 PMCID: PMC6008347 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report daily total fluid intake (TFI) and fluid types in Indonesia according to age, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and geographic region, and compare TFI with the Indonesian adequate fluid intake (AI) recommendations. METHODS Data were collected in 32 cities over nine regions from children (4-9 years, n = 388), adolescents, (10-17 years, n = 478) and adults (18-65 years, n = 2778) using a fluid intake 7-day record (Liq.In7); socio-economic status was also recorded. The 7-day mean TFIs were compared with the AI of water set by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. RESULTS Total median fluid intakes for all age groups exceeded 2000 mL/day. At population level, TFI was associated with household income (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and Indonesian geographical regions (P < 0.001). More than 67% of participants met the AI of water from fluids. A higher percentage of children and adolescents met the AI (78 and 80%, respectively), compared with adults (72%). Drinking water was the main contributor to TFI in all age groups (76-81%). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) were consumed by 62% children, 72% adolescents and 61% of adults. An SSB intake ≥ 1 serving per day was observed for 24% children, 41% adolescents and 33% adults. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of the population drank enough to meet the AI of water from fluids. Water was the most frequently consumed drink; however, many participants consumed at least one serving of SSB per day. This study provides data to help direct targeted intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Laksmi
- Geriatric Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Indonesia Hydration Working Group (IHWG), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - C Morin
- Hydration and Health Department, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Gandy
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK.,School of Life and Medical Services, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - H Martinez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - I Guelinckx
- Hydration and Health Department, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France.
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Morin C, Gandy J, Brazeilles R, Moreno LA, Kavouras SA, Martinez H, Salas-Salvadó J, Bottin J, Guelinckx I. Fluid intake patterns of children and adolescents: results of six Liq.In 7 national cross-sectional surveys. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:113-123. [PMID: 29858626 PMCID: PMC6008348 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify and characterize patterns of fluid intake in children and adolescents from six countries: Argentina, Brazil, China, Indonesia, Mexico and Uruguay. METHODS Data on fluid intake volume and type amongst children (4-9 years; N = 1400) and adolescents (10-17 years; N = 1781) were collected using the validated 7-day fluid-specific record (Liq.In7 record). To identify relatively distinct clusters of subjects based on eight fluid types (water, milk and its derivatives, hot beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), 100% fruit juices, artificial/non-nutritive sweetened beverages, alcoholic beverages, other beverages), a cluster analysis (partitioning around k-medoids algorithm) was used. Clusters were then characterized according to their socio-demographics and lifestyle indicators. RESULTS The six interpretable clusters identified were: low drinkers-SSB (n 523), low drinkers-water and milk (n 615), medium mixed drinkers (n 914), high drinkers-SSB (n 513), high drinkers-water (n 352) and very high drinkers-water (n 264). Country of residence was the dominant characteristic, followed by socioeconomic level, in all six patterns. CONCLUSIONS This analysis showed that consumption of water and SSB were the primary drivers of the clusters. In addition to country, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors played a role in determining the characteristics of each cluster. This information highlights the need to target interventions in particular populations aimed at changing fluid intake behavior and improving health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morin
- Hydration and Health Department, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Gandy
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK
- School of Life Medical Services, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - R Brazeilles
- Biometrics and Data Science Department, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - H Martinez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - J Bottin
- Hydration and Health Department, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabelle Guelinckx
- Hydration and Health Department, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France.
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Martinez H, Morin C, Gandy J, Carmuega E, Arredondo JL, Pimentel C, Moreno LA, Kavouras SA, Salas-Salvadó J, Guelinckx I. Fluid intake of Latin American adults: results of four 2016 Liq.In 7 national cross-sectional surveys. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:65-75. [PMID: 29858627 PMCID: PMC6008364 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To report total fluid intake (TFI) and the intake of different fluid types in adults (≥ 18 years old) from Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. To compare intakes between countries and with recommended adequate intake (AI) of water from fluids. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected using a validated liquid intake 7-day record (Liq.In7) in populations from Argentina (n = 1089), Brazil (n = 477), Mexico (n = 1677) and Uruguay (n = 554). Population characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index and socioeconomic level were recorded. Mean TFI was compared with the AI of water from fluids set by the USA Institute of Medicine. Results The lowest TFI was recorded in Mexican women (1748 mL/day) and the highest in Argentinean men (2318 mL/day). Median daily TFI was significantly different between countries; Uruguay and Argentina had higher values than Mexico and Brazil. In the former, plain water contributed to only 25% of TFI, the remainder being predominantly from hot beverages. Approximately, a third of adults did not drink enough fluid to meet the recommended AI. High SSB consumption was reported, which was significantly different between countries (p < 0.05), the highest being in Mexico (median 25–75th percentiles): 531 (300–895 mL/day. Conclusions This survey highlights the need to increase water consumption and reduce SSB intake in this region to avoid potential associated health risks. These findings may be useful information in monitoring public health policy strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1724-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Martinez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Morin
- Department of Hydration and Health, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Gandy
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - E Carmuega
- Center of Studies on Infant Nutrition (CESNI) Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J L Arredondo
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Pimentel
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón) Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - I Guelinckx
- Department of Hydration and Health, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France.
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Morin C, Gandy J, Moreno LA, Kavouras SA, Martinez H, Salas-Salvadó J, Guelinckx I. A comparison of drinking behavior using a harmonized methodology (Liq.In 7 ) in six countries. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:101-112. [PMID: 29923118 PMCID: PMC6008358 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess drinking occasions (volume and type) according to consumption with food in or outside meals, and location, for six countries. METHODS A total of 10,521 participants aged 4-65 years from Argentina, Brazil, China, Indonesia, Mexico and Uruguay completed a validated 7-day fluid intake record. For each drinking event, the volume consumed, the fluid type, the location of intake, and whether the drink was accompanied by food (meal or snack) or not, was recorded. RESULTS Similar drinking behaviors were found in Mexico and Argentina; fluid intake during meals was 48 and 45% of total fluid intake (TFI), respectively. In Brazil (55%), Indonesia (58%) and China (66%) most fluid was consumed without food. In Uruguay, 34% of TFI was with a main meal, 31% with food between meals and 35% without food. Indonesia had the highest median (25-75th percentile) TFI; 2520 (1750-3347) mL/day, and China the lowest 1138 (818-3347) mL/day. Water was consumed with meals for 37% of Chinese and 87% of Indonesian participants, while the four Latin-American American countries showed a preference for sweet drinks; 54% in Mexico, 67% in Brazil, 55% in Argentina and 59% in Uruguay. Diversity in fluid type was noted when drinking with food between meals. Apart from China, most drinking occasions (> 75%) occurred at home. CONCLUSIONS Three distinct drinking behaviors were identified, namely, drinking with meals, drinking as a stand-alone activity, and a type of 'grazing' (i.e., frequent drinks throughout the day) behavior. Most drinking occasions occurred at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morin
- Department of Hydration and Health, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - J Gandy
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK
- School of Life Medical Services, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - S A Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - H Martinez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBERobn (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - I Guelinckx
- Department of Hydration and Health, Danone Research, Route Départemental 128, 91767, Palaiseau, France.
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Ferru A, Belhadj R, Chapelle G, Berrard C, Bregere JP, Varlet I, Morin C, Marouby D, Buors M, Ducrocq JL, Lechuga P. [Thrombosis and cancer: Awareness of private practitioners and patients in Poitou-Charentes, a French region]. J Med Vasc 2018; 43:182-192. [PMID: 29754728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to enhance awareness among healthcare professionals about the application of guidelines relating to the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. METHODS This collective approach involved: the Regional Health Agency (ARS), the Unions of Representatives of Healthcare Professionals (URPS), the Observatory of Drugs, the Medical Devices and Therapeutic Innovation agency (OMEDIT), the regional Oncology Network and specialist physicians. Performance indicators were defined to evaluate the actions performed. RESULTS Multidisciplinary information meetings were organized. A standardized patient's folder was proposed in all healthcare institutions dealing with cancer, as a link between healthcare professionals and patients. Information brochures were prepared for healthcare professionals and patients. Web-based surveys were taken among healthcare professionals to evaluate changes in their knowledge and practices before and after the first actions taken. CONCLUSION This collective approach improved the awareness of health professionals about care practices for VTE in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferru
- Pôle régional de cancérologie, CHU de Poitiers, France.
| | - R Belhadj
- Service de médecine vasculaire, CHU de Poitiers, France
| | | | - C Berrard
- URPS médecins libéraux, conférence régionale santé & autonomie, France
| | | | - I Varlet
- URPS infirmiers libéraux, France
| | - C Morin
- Réseau régional de cancérologie onco Poitou-Charentes, France
| | - D Marouby
- Réseau régional de cancérologie onco Poitou-Charentes, France
| | - M Buors
- Relations institutionnelles territoriales LEO Pharma, France
| | - J-L Ducrocq
- Projets thrombose affaires médicales LEO Pharma, France
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Araújo T, Vallières A, Morin C. Patients' perceptions of insomnia and its treatment options over time: what changes before and after intervention? Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Edinger J, Walmboldt F, Holm K, Burleson A, Simmons B, Tsai S, Morin C. Use of blinded hypnotic tapering protocols to help medication-dependent insomnia patients discontinue their hypnotic use. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Langlais T, Morin C, Poumellec M, Ursu C, Leonard J. Douleur de hanche fébrile chez un adolescent judoka. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Morin C, Ursu C, Delecourt C. Reply to the letter by C.J. Fontaine. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:473. [PMID: 28274884 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Morin
- Institut Calot, rue du Dr-Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France.
| | - C Ursu
- Institut Calot, rue du Dr-Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
| | - C Delecourt
- Institut Calot, rue du Dr-Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
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Tall F, Dechomet M, Riviere S, Cottin V, Ballot E, Tiev KP, Montin R, Morin C, Chantran Y, Grange C, Jullien D, Ninet J, Chretien P, Cabane J, Fabien N, Johanet C. The Clinical Relevance of Antifibrillarin (anti-U3-RNP) Autoantibodies in Systemic Sclerosis. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:73-79. [PMID: 27864990 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease associated with several antinuclear autoantibodies useful to diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of the present multicentric study was to determine the clinical relevance of antifibrillarin autoantibodies (AFA) in patients with SSc. The clinical features of 37 patients with SSc positive for AFA (AFA+) and 139 SSc patients without AFA (AFA-) were collected retrospectively from medical records to enable a comparison between AFA- and AFA+ patients. Antifibrillarin autoantibodies were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using HEp2 cells and identified by an in-house Western blot technique and/or an EliA test. Comparing AFA+ and AFA- patients, AFA+ patients were significantly younger at disease onset (36.9 versus 42.9; P = 0.02), more frequently male (P = 0.02) and of Afro-Caribbean descent (65% versus 7.7%; P < 0.001). At diagnosis, the Rodnan skin score evaluating the cutaneous manifestations was higher (13.3 versus 8.7; P = 0.01) and myositis was also more common in the AFA+ group (31.4% versus 12.2%; P < 0.01). Patients with AFA+ were not associated with diffuse cutaneous SSc or with lung involvement and no difference in survival was observed. Antifibrillarin autoantibodies are associated with patients of Afro-Caribbean origin and can identify patients with SSc who are younger at disease onset and display a higher prevalence of myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tall
- Immunology Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Dechomet
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - S Riviere
- Internal Medicine Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - V Cottin
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Louis Pradel Hospital, Bron, France
| | - E Ballot
- Immunology Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - K P Tiev
- Internal Medicine Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - R Montin
- Immunology Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Morin
- Internal Medicine Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Y Chantran
- Immunology Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Grange
- Internal Medicine Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - D Jullien
- Dermatology Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - J Ninet
- Internal Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - P Chretien
- Immunology Department, AP-HP Bicêtre Hospital, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - J Cabane
- Internal Medicine Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - N Fabien
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Claude Bernard, Pierre-Benite, France.,University Lyon I, University of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - C Johanet
- Immunology Department, AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.,UFR 967, Faculte de medecine, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris6, France
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Morin C, Guelinckx I. Association entre la consommation d’eau au réveil et consommation totale de fluide dans la population française. NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Morin C, Chartier M, Bounan S, Hatem G, Goffinet F, Le Ray C. [Fetal scalp pH during labor: Which threshold for intervention?]. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2017; 46:183-187. [PMID: 28403976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In case of abnormal fetal heart rate, there is no consensus on the decision threshold pH scalp leading to a rapid birth. The objective of this study was to compare neonatal issues and cesarean rate in two maternity using different decision thresholds of scalp pH. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comparative retrospective study conducted in two level III maternity units between January 2013 and May 2014, one maternity unit used a decision threshold of 7.20 (maternity unit 7,20), and the other one a threshold of 7.25 (maternity unit 7,25). An adverse neonatal outcome was defined by a composite endpoint of neonatal morbidity. The risk of cesarean was assessed using a multivariate analysis. RESULTS One hundred and four patients were included in the maternity unit 7,20 and 163 patients in the maternity 7,25. Adverse neonatal outcome was similar in both maternities (25% vs. 30,1%; P=0.4). The average pH at birth was similar in both maternities, as well as the Apgar score at 5minutes and neonatal transfer rates. However, BE<-12 was more frequent in maternity using 7,20 scalp pH threshold (7% vs. 0%; P<0.01). The cesarean rate was higher in maternity 7,25 (adjusted OR=2.23 95% CI [1.17-4.25]). CONCLUSION It seems that a decisional threshold fixed to 7,20 could be used reasonably. It could allow to reduce cesarean rate. Other studies are, however, needed to confirm that such threshold of 7,20 does not increase the risk of severe acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morin
- Maternité Port-Royal, hôpital Cochin, DHU risques et grossesse, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Chartier
- Maternité Port-Royal, hôpital Cochin, DHU risques et grossesse, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - S Bounan
- Département d'obstétrique et gynécologie, hôpital Delafontaine, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - G Hatem
- Département d'obstétrique et gynécologie, hôpital Delafontaine, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - F Goffinet
- Maternité Port-Royal, hôpital Cochin, DHU risques et grossesse, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - C Le Ray
- Maternité Port-Royal, hôpital Cochin, DHU risques et grossesse, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France.
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Morin C, Ursu C, Delecourt C. Total hip replacement in young non-ambulatory cerebral palsy patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2016; 102:845-849. [PMID: 27697405 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The everyday life of a non-ambulatory adolescent or young adult with cerebral palsy can be severely impaired by a painful or stiff hip. The usual surgical solutions such as proximal femoral resection (PFR) are not entirely satisfactory for pain relief, and are mutilating. HYPOTHESIS A retrospective study assessed the impact of total hip replacement (THR) on such impairment, on the hypothesis that it is more effective than PFR in relieving pain, without aggravating disability. PATIENTS AND METHODS The surgical technique consisted in implanting a dual-mobility prosthesis with uncemented acetabular component and cemented femur, after upper femoral shaft shortening and short hip-spica cast immobilization. Forty THRs were performed in 33 patients, including 31 with multiple disability. Follow-up assessment focused on change in functional status, pain, and range of motion. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 5 years. Pain was more or less entirely resolved. Improvement in range of motion was less striking, and there was no significant change in functional status. There were 2 general, 2 septic and 10 mechanical complications, 6 of which required surgical revision. DISCUSSION In non-ambulatory cerebral palsy, THR provided much better alleviation of pain than found with PFR treatment. It should be reserved for patients able to withstand fairly long surgery and with femur size compatible with implantation of a femoral component, however small. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morin
- Institut Calot, Rue du Dr Calot, 62600 Berck sur Mer, France.
| | - C Ursu
- Institut Calot, Rue du Dr Calot, 62600 Berck sur Mer, France
| | - C Delecourt
- Institut Calot, Rue du Dr Calot, 62600 Berck sur Mer, France
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Defossez G, Ingrand I, Quillet A, Morin C, Ingrand P. Évaluation de l’exhaustivité de passage en RCP des nouveaux patients atteints de cancer à partir d’un registre des cancers. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2016.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Havers F, Sokolow L, Shay DK, Farley MM, Monroe M, Meek J, Daily Kirley P, Bennett NM, Morin C, Aragon D, Thomas A, Schaffner W, Zansky SM, Baumbach J, Ferdinands J, Fry AM. Case-Control Study of Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalizations in Older Adults, United States, 2010-2011. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1304-1311. [PMID: 27486114 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at increased risk of influenza-associated complications, including hospitalization, but influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) data are limited for this population. We conducted a case-control study to estimate VE to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among adults aged ≥50 years in 11 US Emerging Infections Program hospitalization surveillance sites. METHODS Cases were influenza infections (confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) in adults aged ≥50 years hospitalized during the 2010-2011 influenza season, identified through Emerging Infections Program surveillance. Community controls, identified through home telephone lists, were matched by age group (±5 years), county, and month of hospitalization for case patients. Vaccination status was determined by self-report (with location and date) or medical records. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted VE (aVE) estimates (100 × [1 - adjusted odds ratio]), adjusting for sex, race, socioeconomic factors, smoking, chronic medical conditions, recent hospitalization for a respiratory condition, and functional status. RESULTS Among case patients, 205 of 368 (55%) were vaccinated, compared with 489 of 773 controls (63%). Case patients were more likely to be of nonwhite race and more likely to have ≥2 chronic health conditions, a recent hospitalization for a respiratory condition, an income <$35 000, and a lower functional status score (P < .01 for all). The aVE was 56.8% (95% confidence interval, 34.1%-71.7%) and was similar across age groups, including adults ≥75 years (aVE, 57.3%; 15.9%-78.4%). CONCLUSIONS During 2010-2011, influenza vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization among adults aged ≥50 years, regardless of age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Havers
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Leslie Sokolow
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.,Battelle Memorial Institute
| | - David K Shay
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Monica M Farley
- Emory University School of Medicine.,VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maya Monroe
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore
| | - James Meek
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven
| | | | - Nancy M Bennett
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York
| | | | - Deborah Aragon
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver
| | | | | | | | | | - Jill Ferdinands
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Morin C, Berman A, Haddad B. [Biermer disease miming HELLP syndrome]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2016; 44:369-372. [PMID: 27216953 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Morin
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, faculté de médecine de Créteil UPEC-Paris XII, CHI de Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - A Berman
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, faculté de médecine de Créteil UPEC-Paris XII, CHI de Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - B Haddad
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, faculté de médecine de Créteil UPEC-Paris XII, CHI de Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
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Isnard C, Fardet L, Duriez P, Morin C, Rivière S, Meynard JL, Surgers L. [Henoch-Schönlein purpura-like vasculitis revealing HIV infection]. Med Mal Infect 2016; 46:322-5. [PMID: 27039067 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Isnard
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
| | - L Fardet
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France; UPEC université Paris 12, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - P Duriez
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - C Morin
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - S Rivière
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - J-L Meynard
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - L Surgers
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
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Hadler JL, Yousey-Hindes K, Pérez A, Anderson EJ, Bargsten M, Bohm SR, Hill M, Hogan B, Laidler M, Lindegren ML, Lung KL, Mermel E, Miller L, Morin C, Parker E, Zansky SM, Chaves SS. Influenza-Related Hospitalizations and Poverty Levels - United States, 2010-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:101-5. [PMID: 26866729 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6505a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Annual influenza vaccine is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months in the United States, with recognition that some persons are at risk for more severe disease (1). However, there might be previously unrecognized demographic groups that also experience higher rates of serious influenza-related disease that could benefit from enhanced vaccination efforts. Socioeconomic status (SES) measures that are area-based can be used to define demographic groups when individual SES data are not available (2). Previous surveillance data analyses in limited geographic areas indicated that influenza-related hospitalization incidence was higher for persons residing in census tracts that included a higher percentage of persons living below the federal poverty level (3-5). To determine whether this association occurs elsewhere, influenza hospitalization data collected in 14 FluSurv-NET sites covering 27 million persons during the 2010-11 and 2011-12 influenza seasons were analyzed. The age-adjusted incidence of influenza-related hospitalizations per 100,000 person-years in high poverty (≥20% of persons living below the federal poverty level) census tracts was 21.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.7-22.4), nearly twice the incidence in low poverty (<5% of persons living below the federal poverty level) census tracts (10.9, 95% CI: 10.3-11.4). This relationship was observed in each surveillance site, among children and adults, and across racial/ethnic groups. These findings suggest that persons living in poorer census tracts should be targeted for enhanced influenza vaccination outreach and clinicians serving these persons should be made aware of current recommendations for use of antiviral agents to treat influenza (6).
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Oboho IK, Reed C, Gargiullo P, Leon M, Aragon D, Meek J, Anderson EJ, Ryan P, Lynfield R, Morin C, Bargsten M, Zansky SM, Fowler B, Thomas A, Lindegren ML, Schaffner W, Risk I, Finelli L, Chaves SS. Benefit of Early Initiation of Influenza Antiviral Treatment to Pregnant Women Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:507-15. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Su S, Fry AM, Kirley PD, Aragon D, Yousey-Hindes K, Meek J, Openo K, Oni O, Sharangpani R, Morin C, Hollick G, Lung K, Laidler M, Lindegren ML, Schaffner W, Atkinson A, Chaves SS. Survey of influenza and other respiratory viruses diagnostic testing in US hospitals, 2012-2013. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 10:86-90. [PMID: 26505742 PMCID: PMC4746564 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about laboratory capacity to routinely diagnose influenza and other respiratory viruses at clinical laboratories and hospitals. Aims We sought to assess diagnostic practices for influenza and other respiratory virus in a survey of hospitals and laboratories participating in the US Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network in 2012–2013. Materials and Methods All hospitals and their associated laboratories participating in the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv‐NET) were included in this evaluation. The network covers more than 80 counties in 15 states, CA, CO, CT, GA, MD, MN, NM, NY, OR, TN, IA, MI, OH, RI, and UT, with a catchment population of ~28 million people. We administered a standardized questionnaire to key personnel, including infection control practitioners and laboratory departments, at each hospital through telephone interviews. Results Of the 240 participating laboratories, 67% relied only on commercially available rapid influenza diagnostic tests to diagnose influenza. Few reported the availability of molecular diagnostic assays for detection of influenza (26%) and other viral pathogens (≤20%) in hospitals and commercial laboratories. Conclusion Reliance on insensitive assays to detect influenza may detract from optimal clinical management of influenza infections in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Su
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Deborah Aragon
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly Yousey-Hindes
- Connecticut Emerging Infectious Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Meek
- Connecticut Emerging Infectious Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kyle Openo
- Georgia Emerging Infections Program and the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Oluwakemi Oni
- Iowa Department of Public Health, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Ruta Sharangpani
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Craig Morin
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Gary Hollick
- University of Rochester Center for Community Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Krista Lung
- Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matt Laidler
- Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra S Chaves
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Vaney JB, Crivello JC, Morin C, Delaizir G, Carreaud J, Piarristeguy A, Monnier J, Alleno E, Pradel A, Lopes EB, Gonçalves AP, Dauscher A, Candolfi C, Lenoir B. Electronic structure, low-temperature transport and thermodynamic properties of polymorphic β-As2Te3. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first-order lattice distortion undergone by β-As2Te3 around 200 K results in a cycling effect on its transport properties.
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Chen I, Jarrin D, Rochefort A, Lamy M, Ivers H, Morin C. Validation of the French version of the Ford insomnia response to stress test and the association between sleep reactivity and hyperarousal. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lord H, Thorndike F, Morin C, Gonder-Frederick L, Quigg M, Ingersol K, Ritterband L. Data from the Internet: New methods for automated insomnia interventions. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jarrin D, Lamy M, Ivers H, Harvey A, Morin C. Do health maintenance behaviors differ across insomnia patients as a function of objective sleep duration? Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Dooling KL, Toews KA, Hicks LA, Garrison LE, Bachaus B, Zansky S, Carpenter LR, Schaffner B, Parker E, Petit S, Thomas A, Thomas S, Mansmann R, Morin C, White B, Langley GE. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance for Legionellosis — United States, 2011–2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:1190-3. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6442a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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47
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Morin C. Behavioral and pharmacological therapy of insomnia. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chaves SS, Pérez A, Miller L, Bennett NM, Bandyopadhyay A, Farley MM, Fowler B, Hancock EB, Kirley PD, Lynfield R, Ryan P, Morin C, Schaffner W, Sharangpani R, Lindegren ML, Tengelsen L, Thomas A, Hill MB, Bradley KK, Oni O, Meek J, Zansky S, Widdowson MA, Finelli L. Impact of Prompt Influenza Antiviral Treatment on Extended Care Needs After Influenza Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:1807-14. [PMID: 26334053 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients hospitalized with influenza may require extended care on discharge. We aimed to explore predictors for extended care needs and the potential mitigating effect of antiviral treatment among community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years hospitalized with influenza. METHODS We used laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations from 3 influenza seasons. Extended care was defined as new placement in a skilled nursing home/long-term/rehabilitation facility on hospital discharge. We focused on those treated with antiviral agents to explore the effect of early treatment on extended care and hospital length of stay using logistic regression and competing risk survival analysis, accounting for time from illness onset to hospitalization. Treatment was categorized as early (≤ 4 days) or late (>4 days) in reference to date of illness onset. RESULTS Among 6593 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years hospitalized for influenza, 18% required extended care at discharge. The need for care increased with age and neurologic disorders, intensive care unit admission, and pneumonia were predictors of care needs. Early treatment reduced the odds of extended care after hospital discharge for those hospitalized ≤ 2 or >2 days from illness onset (adjusted odds ratio, 0.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .17-.85] and 0.75 [.56-.97], respectively). Early treatment was also independently associated with reduction in length of stay for those hospitalized ≤ 2 days from illness onset (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.43-2.30) or >2 days (1.30; 1.20-1.40). CONCLUSIONS Prompt antiviral treatment decreases the impact of influenza on older adults through shorten hospitalization and reduced extended care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Chaves
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia
| | - Alejandro Pérez
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia
| | - Lisa Miller
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver
| | - Nancy M Bennett
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York
| | | | - Monica M Farley
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Ryan
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Meek
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven
| | - Shelley Zansky
- Emerging Infections Program, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | | | - Lyn Finelli
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia
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49
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Pesenti S, Jouve JL, Morin C, Wolff S, Sales de Gauzy J, Chalopin A, Ibnoulkhatib A, Polirsztok E, Walter A, Schuller S, Abelin-Genevois K, Leroux J, Lechevallier J, Kabaj R, Mary P, Fuentes S, Parent H, Garin C, Bin K, Peltier E, Blondel B, Chopin D. Evolution of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: results of a multicenter study at 20 years' follow-up. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015; 101:619-22. [PMID: 26194208 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date there is no consensus on therapeutic indications in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with curvature between 30° and 60° at the end of growth. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess outcome in patients with moderate AIS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multicenter retrospective study was conducted. Inclusion criteria were: Cobb angle, 30-60° at end of growth; and follow-up > 20 years. The data collected were angular values in adolescence and at last follow-up, and quality of life scores at follow-up. RESULTS A total of 258 patients were enrolled: 100 operated on in adolescence, 116 never operated on, and 42 operated on in adulthood. Mean follow-up was 27.8 years. Cobb angle progression significantly differed between the 3 groups: 3.2° versus 8.8° versus 23.6°, respectively; P < 0.001. In lumbar scoliosis, the risk of progression to ≥ 20° was significantly higher for initial Cobb angle > 35° (OR=4.278, P=0.002). There were no significant differences in quality of life scores. DISCUSSION Patients operated on in adolescence showed little radiological progression, demonstrating the efficacy of surgical treatment for curvature greater than 50°. Curvature greater than 40° was progressive and may require surgery in adulthood. Lumbar scoliosis showed greater potential progression than thoracic scoliosis in adulthood, requiring fusion as of 35° angulation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pesenti
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - J-L Jouve
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - C Morin
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, institut Calot, rue du Docteur-Calot, 62600 Berck-sur-Mer, France
| | - S Wolff
- Service d'orthopédie, hôpital Saint-Joseph, 185, rue Raymond-Losserand, 75014 Paris, France
| | - J Sales de Gauzy
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital des Enfants, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31029 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - A Chalopin
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital d'Enfants, 7, quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - A Ibnoulkhatib
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital des Enfants, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31029 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - E Polirsztok
- Service de chirurgie du rachis, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - A Walter
- Service de chirurgie du rachis, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - S Schuller
- Service de chirurgie du rachis, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - K Abelin-Genevois
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfants, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - J Leroux
- Clinique chirurgicale infantile, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J Lechevallier
- Clinique chirurgicale infantile, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - R Kabaj
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital Trousseau, 26, avenue du Dr-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - P Mary
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital Trousseau, 26, avenue du Dr-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - S Fuentes
- Service de neurochirurgie, Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - H Parent
- Centre du rachis, clinique Saint-Léonard, 18, rue de Bellinière, 49800 Trélazé, France
| | - C Garin
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfants, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - K Bin
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - E Peltier
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - B Blondel
- Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - D Chopin
- Service de chirurgie rachidienne, hôpital Roger-Salengro, rue Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille, France
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50
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Garg S, Jain S, Dawood FS, Jhung M, Pérez A, D'Mello T, Reingold A, Gershman K, Meek J, Arnold KE, Farley MM, Ryan P, Lynfield R, Morin C, Baumbach J, Hancock EB, Zansky S, Bennett N, Thomas A, Schaffner W, Finelli L. Pneumonia among adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza virus infection-United States, 2005-2008. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:369. [PMID: 26307108 PMCID: PMC4550040 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza and pneumonia combined are the leading causes of death due to infectious diseases in the United States. We describe factors associated with pneumonia among adults hospitalized with influenza. METHODS Through the Emerging Infections Program, we identified adults ≥ 18 years, who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during October 2005 through April 2008, and had a chest radiograph (CXR) performed. Pneumonia was defined as the presence of a CXR infiltrate and either an ICD-9-CM code or discharge summary diagnosis of pneumonia. RESULTS Among 4,765 adults hospitalized with influenza, 1392 (29 %) had pneumonia. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with pneumonia included: age ≥ 75 years, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.27 (95 % confidence interval 1.10-1.46), white race AOR 1.24 (1.03-1.49), nursing home residence AOR 1.37 (1.14-1.66), chronic lung disease AOR 1.37 (1.18-1.59), immunosuppression AOR 1.45 (1.19-1.78), and asthma AOR 0.76 (0.62-0.92). Patients with pneumonia were significantly more likely to require intensive care unit (ICU) admission (27 % vs. 10 %), mechanical ventilation (18 % vs. 5 %), and to die (9 % vs. 2 %). CONCLUSIONS Pneumonia was present in nearly one-third of adults hospitalized with influenza and was associated with ICU admission and death. Among patients hospitalized with influenza, older patients and those with certain underlying conditions are more likely to have pneumonia. Pneumonia is common among adults hospitalized with influenza and should be evaluated and treated promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Garg
- Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Seema Jain
- Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Fatimah S Dawood
- Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael Jhung
- Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Alejandro Pérez
- Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Tiffany D'Mello
- Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, 4 Executive Park East NE, Suite 355, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Arthur Reingold
- California Emerging Infections Program, 360 22nd Street, Suite 750, Oakland, California, 94612, USA.
| | - Ken Gershman
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, 4300 Cherry Creek S Dr, Denver, Colorado, 80246, USA.
| | - James Meek
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale University, 1 Church Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Arnold
- Georgia Division of Public Health and Georgia Emerging Infections Program, 2 Peachtree Street NW, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, USA.
| | - Monica M Farley
- Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta VAMC, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA.
| | - Patricia Ryan
- Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 201 West Preston Street, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Ruth Lynfield
- Minnesota Department of Health, P.O. Box 64975, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55164, USA.
| | - Craig Morin
- Minnesota Department of Health, P.O. Box 64975, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55164, USA.
| | - Joan Baumbach
- New Mexico Department of Health, 1190 St. Francis Drive, N1353, P.O. Box 26110, Santa Fe, NM, 87502-6110, USA.
| | - Emily B Hancock
- New Mexico Department of Health, 1190 St. Francis Drive, N1353, P.O. Box 26110, Santa Fe, NM, 87502-6110, USA.
| | - Shelley Zansky
- Emerging Infections Program, New York State Department of Health, ESP, Corning Tower, Rm 651, Albany, New York, 12237, USA.
| | - Nancy Bennett
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York, 14620, USA.
- Monroe County, Department of Public Health, 451 E Henrietta Rd #2, Rochester, New York, 14620, USA.
| | - Ann Thomas
- Oregon Public Health Division, 800 NE Oregon St., Suite 772, Portland, OR, 97232, USA.
| | - William Schaffner
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Village at Vanderbilt - Suite 2600, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Lyn Finelli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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