1
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Berton C, Pezzato C. Photoacidity of Indolinospirobenzopyrans in Water. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Berton
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques SWITZERLAND
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- University of Padova: Universita degli Studi di Padova Department of Chemical Sciences via F. Marzolo 1 35131 Padova ITALY
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2
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Périllat VJ, Del Grosso E, Berton C, Ricci F, Pezzato C. Controlling DNA nanodevices with light-switchable buffers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2146-2149. [PMID: 36727426 PMCID: PMC9933455 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Control over synthetic DNA-based nanodevices can be achieved with a variety of physical and chemical stimuli. Actuation with light, however, is as advantageous as difficult to implement without modifying DNA strands with photo-switchable groups. Herein, we show that DNA nanodevices can be controlled using visible light in photo-switchable aqueous buffer solutions in a reversible and highly programmable fashion. The strategy presented here is non-invasive and allows the remote control with visible light of complex operations of DNA-based nanodevices such as the reversible release/loading of cargo molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jean Périllat
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Erica Del Grosso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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3
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Abstract
A visible light-switchable buffer system based on a merocyanine photoacid is presented. Para-substitution of the indolium side with a methoxy group affords a compound suitable for making hydrolytically stable aqueous buffers whose pH can be tuned between 7 and 4 using 500 nm light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Maria Busiello
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zamuner
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Daniel Maria Busiello
- Institut de Physique École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zamuner
- Institut de Physique École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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5
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Li RJ, Pezzato C, Berton C, Severin K. Correction: Light-induced assembly and disassembly of polymers with Pd n L 2n -type network junctions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4985. [PMID: 34166480 PMCID: PMC8179599 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc90054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Light-induced assembly and disassembly of polymers with PdnL2n-type network junctions’ by Ru-Jin Li et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00127b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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6
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Li RJ, Pezzato C, Berton C, Severin K. Light-induced assembly and disassembly of polymers with Pd n L 2n -type network junctions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4981-4984. [PMID: 34163745 PMCID: PMC8179541 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers containing Pd n L2n complexes as network junctions were obtained by reaction of poly(ethylene glycol)-linked N-donor ligands with Pd2+. The addition of a metastable state photoacid renders the networks light sensitive, and gel-sol transitions can be achieved by irradiation with light. The inverse process, a light-induced sol-gel transition, was realized by using a molecularly defined Pd complex as an acid-sensitive reservoir for Pd2+. Upon irradiation, Pd2+ ions are released, allowing the formation of an acid-resistant polymer network. Both the gel-sol and the sol-gel transitions are reversed in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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7
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Anamimoghadam O, Jones LO, Cooper JA, Beldjoudi Y, Nguyen MT, Liu W, Krzyaniak MD, Pezzato C, Stern CL, Patel HA, Wasielewski MR, Schatz GC, Stoddart JF. Discrete Open-Shell Tris(bipyridinium radical cationic) Inclusion Complexes in the Solid State. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:163-175. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ommid Anamimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leighton O. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James A. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yassine Beldjoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Minh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hasmukh A. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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8
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Berton C, Busiello DM, Zamuner S, Solari E, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K, Pezzato C. Thermodynamics and kinetics of protonated merocyanine photoacids in water. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8457-8468. [PMID: 34123105 PMCID: PMC8163397 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable-state photoacids (mPAHs) are chemical species whose photo-activated state is long-lived enough to allow for proton diffusion. Liao's photoacid (1) represents the archetype of mPAHs, and is being widely used on account of its unique capability to change the acidity of aqueous solutions reversibly. The behavior of 1 in water, however, still remains poorly understood. Herein, we provide in-depth insights on the thermodynamics and kinetics of 1 in water through a series of comparative 1H NMR and UV-Vis studies and relative modelling. Under dark conditions, we quantified a three-component equilibrium system where the dissociation (K a) of the open protonated form (MCH) is followed by isomerization (K c) of the open deprotonated form (MC) to the closed spiropyran form (SP) - i.e., in the absence of light, the ground state acidity can be expressed as K GS a = K a(1 + K c). On the other hand, under powerful and continuous light irradiation we were able to assess, for the first time experimentally, the dissociation constant (K MS a) of the protonated metastable state (cis-MCH). In addition, we found that thermal ring-opening of SP is always rate-determining regardless of pH, whereas hydrolysis is reminiscent of what is found for Schiff bases. The proposed methodology is general, and it was applied to two other compounds bearing a shorter (ethyl, 2) and a longer (butyl, 3) alkyl-1-sulfonate bridge. We found that the pK a remains constant, whereas both pK c and pK MS a linearly increase with the length of the alkyl bridge. Importantly, all results are consistent with a four-component model cycle, which describes perfectly the full dynamics of proton release/uptake of 1-3 in water. The superior hydrolytic stability and water solubility of compound 3, together with its relatively high pK GS a (low K c), allowed us to achieve fully reversible jumps of 2.5 pH units over 18 consecutive cycles (6 hours).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Daniel Maria Busiello
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zamuner
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Euro Solari
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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9
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Qiu Y, Song B, Pezzato C, Shen D, Liu W, Zhang L, Feng Y, Guo QH, Cai K, Li W, Chen H, Nguyen MT, Shi Y, Cheng C, Astumian RD, Li X, Stoddart JF. A precise polyrotaxane synthesizer. Science 2020; 368:1247-1253. [PMID: 32527831 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules are likely candidates for the design and synthesis of artificial molecular machines. Although polyrotaxanes have already found niche applications in exotic materials with specialized mechanical properties, efficient synthetic protocols to produce them with precise numbers of rings encircling their polymer dumbbells are still lacking. We report the assembly line-like emergence of poly[n]rotaxanes with increasingly higher energies by harnessing artificial molecular pumps to deliver rings in pairs by cyclical redox-driven processes. This programmable strategy leads to the precise incorporation of two, four, six, eight, and 10 rings carrying 8+, 16+, 24+, 32+, and 40+ charges, respectively, onto hexacationic polymer dumbbells. This strategy depends precisely on the number of redox cycles applied chemically or electrochemically, in both stepwise and one-pot manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Weixingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Minh T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - R Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. .,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Dong Z, Pezzato C, Sienkiewicz A, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. SET processes in Lewis acid-base reactions: the tritylation of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7615-7618. [PMID: 34094138 PMCID: PMC8159480 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions between N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the trityl cation, [Ph3C]+, give covalent adducts of type [NHC-CPh3]+ and/or [NHC-C6H5-CPh2]+. EPR spectroscopy, UV-Vis analyses, and trapping experiments imply that adduct formation involves carbene radical cations and the trityl radical. The results demonstrate that single electron transfer (SET) processes should be considered for reaction of NHCs with oxidizing Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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11
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Qiu Y, Zhang L, Pezzato C, Feng Y, Li W, Nguyen MT, Cheng C, Shen D, Guo QH, Shi Y, Cai K, Alsubaie FM, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. A Molecular Dual Pump. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17472-17476. [PMID: 31622089 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Artificial molecular machines (AMMs) built from mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) can use energy ratchets to control the unidirectional motion of their component parts. These energy ratchets are operated by the alteration of kinetic barriers and thermodynamic wells, which are, in turn, determined by the switching on and off of noncovalent interactions. Previously, we have developed artificial molecular pumps (AMPs) capable of pumping rings consecutively onto a collecting chain as part of a molecular dumbbell, leading to the formation of rotaxanes. Here, we report a molecular dual pump (MDP) consisting of two individual AMPs linked in a head-to-tail fashion, wherein a single ring is pumped, in a linear manner, on and off a dumbbell involving a [2]rotaxane intermediate by exploiting the redox properties of the two pumps. This MDP, defined by the finely tuned noncovalent interactions and fueled by either chemicals or electricity, utilizes an energy ratchet mechanism to capture a ring and subsequently release it back into solution. The unidirectional motion and the resulting controlled capture and release of the ring were followed by 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy and supported by control experiments. This molecular dual pump may be considered to be a forerunner of AMMs that are capable of pumping rings across a membrane in a way similar to how bacteriorhodopsin transports protons from one side of a membrane to the other under the influence of light. Such extensive multicomponent AMMs can lead potentially to molecular transporting platforms with positional and directional control of cargo uptake and release when, and only when, instructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Weixingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Minh T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Fehaid M Alsubaie
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nanosystems , King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , Riyadh 11442 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics , University of Maine , 5709 Bennet Hall , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China.,School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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12
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Wu H, Chen Y, Zhang L, Anamimoghadam O, Shen D, Liu Z, Cai K, Pezzato C, Stern CL, Liu Y, Stoddart JF. A Dynamic Tetracationic Macrocycle Exhibiting Photoswitchable Molecular Encapsulation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:1280-1289. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ommid Anamimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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13
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Minh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ommid Anamimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Lorenzo Mosca
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Institute of Molecular Design and Synthesis Tianjin University Nankai District Tianjin 300072 China
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15
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Pezzato C, Nguyen MT, Kim DJ, Anamimoghadam O, Mosca L, Stoddart JF. Controlling Dual Molecular Pumps Electrochemically. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9325-9329. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Minh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ommid Anamimoghadam
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Lorenzo Mosca
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Institute of Molecular Design and Synthesis Tianjin University Nankai District Tianjin 300072 China
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Abstract
In mechanically interlocked compounds, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, the molecules are held together by mechanical rather than chemical bonds. These compounds can be engineered to have several well-defined mechanical states by incorporating recognition sites between the different components. The rates of the transitions between the recognition sites can be controlled by introducing steric "speed bumps" or electrostatically switchable gates. A mechanism for the absorption of energy can also be included by adding photoactive, catalytically active, or redox-active recognition sites, or even charges and dipoles. At equilibrium, these Mechanically Interlocked Molecules (MIMs) undergo thermally activated transitions continuously between their different mechanical states where every transition is as likely as its microscopic reverse. External energy, for example, light, external modulation of the chemical and/or physical environment or catalysis of an exergonic reaction, drives the system away from equilibrium. The absorption of energy from these processes can be used to favour some, and suppress other, transitions so that completion of a mechanical cycle in a direction in which work is done on the environment - the requisite of a molecular machine - is more likely than completion in a direction in which work is absorbed from the environment. In this Tutorial Review, we discuss the different design principles by which molecular machines can be engineered to use different sources of energy to carry out self-organization and the performance of work in their environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
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17
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Pezzato C, Chen JLY, Galzerano P, Salvi M, Prins LJ. Catalytic signal amplification for the discrimination of ATP and ADP using functionalised gold nanoparticles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6811-20. [PMID: 27336846 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00993j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic assays that incorporate a signal amplification mechanism permit the detection of analytes with enhanced selectivity. Herein, we report a gold nanoparticle-based chemical system able to differentiate ATP from ADP by means of catalytic signal amplification. The discrimination between ATP and ADP is of relevance for the development of universal assays for the detection of enzymes which consume ATP. For example, protein kinases are a class of enzymes critical for the regulation of cellular functions, and act to modulate the activity of other proteins by transphosphorylation, transferring a phosphate group from ATP to give ADP as a byproduct. The system described here exploits the ability of cooperative catalytic head groups on gold nanoparticles to very efficiently catalyze chromogenic reactions such as the transphosphorylation of 2-hydroxypropyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNPP). A series of chromogenic substrates have been synthesized and evaluated by means of Michaelis-Menten kinetics (compounds 2, 4-6). 2-Hydroxypropyl-(3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitro)phenyl phosphate (5) was found to display higher reactivity (kcat) and higher binding affinity (KM) when compared to HPNPP. This higher binding affinity allows phosphate 5 to compete with ATP and ADP to different extents for binding on the monolayer surface, thus enabling a catalytically amplified signal only when ATP is absent. Overall, this represents a viable new approach for monitoring the conversion of ATP into ADP with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Jack L-Y Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Galzerano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michela Salvi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Kim DJ, Hermann KR, Prokofjevs A, Otley MT, Pezzato C, Owczarek M, Stoddart JF. Redox-Active Macrocycles for Organic Rechargeable Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6635-6643. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Keith R. Hermann
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael T. Otley
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Magdalena Owczarek
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Abstract
The activity of a gold nanoparticle-based catalyst can be reversibly up- and down-regulated by light. Light is used to switch a small molecule between cis- and trans-isomers, which inhibits the catalytic activity of the nanoparticles to different extent. The system is functional in aqueous buffer, which paves the way for integrating the system in biological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , 35122 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , 35122 Padova, Italy
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Chen JLY, Pezzato C, Scrimin P, Prins LJ. Frontispiece: Chiral Nanozymes-Gold Nanoparticle-Based Transphosphorylation Catalysts Capable of Enantiomeric Discrimination. Chemistry 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201682161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack L.-Y. Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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Chen JLY, Pezzato C, Scrimin P, Prins LJ. Chiral Nanozymes-Gold Nanoparticle-Based Transphosphorylation Catalysts Capable of Enantiomeric Discrimination. Chemistry 2016; 22:7028-32. [PMID: 26919202 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselectivity in RNA cleavage by a synthetic metalloenzyme has been demonstrated for the first time. Thiols containing chiral Zn(II) -binding head groups have been self-assembled on the surface of gold nanoparticles. This results in the spontaneous formation of chiral bimetallic catalytic sites that display different activities (kcat ) towards the enantiomers of an RNA model substrate. Substrate selectivity is observed when the nanozyme is applied to the cleavage of the dinucleotides UpU, GpG, ApA, and CpC, and remarkable differences in reactivity are observed for the cleavage of the enantiomerically pure dinucleotide UpU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L-Y Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scrimin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Pezzato C, Maiti S, Chen JLY, Cazzolaro A, Gobbo C, Prins LJ. Monolayer protected gold nanoparticles with metal-ion binding sites: functional systems for chemosensing applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9922-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Au NPs containing binding sites for metal ions in the monolayer are attractive components of sensing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - S. Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - J. L.-Y. Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - A. Cazzolaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - C. Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - L. J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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Pezzato C, Zaramella D, Martinelli M, Pieters G, Pagano MA, Prins LJ. Label-free fluorescence detection of kinase activity using a gold nanoparticle based indicator displacement assay. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 13:1198-203. [PMID: 25427977 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward indicator-displacement assay (IDA) has been developed for the quantitative analysis of ATP→ADP conversion. The IDA relies on the use of gold nanoparticles passivated with a monolayer of thiols terminating with a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN)·Zn(2+) head group. The analytes ATP and ADP compete to a different extent with a fluorescent probe for binding to the monolayer surface. In the presence of ATP the fluorescent probe is free in solution, whereas in the presence of ADP the fluorescent probe is captured by the nanoparticles and its fluorescence is quenched. The linear response of the fluorescence signal towards different ratios of ATP : ADP permitted the detection of protein kinase activity simply by adding aliquots of the enzyme solution to the assay solution followed by measurement of the fluorescent intensity. The assay poses no restrictions on the target kinase nor does it require labeling of the kinase substrate. The assay was tested on the protein kinases PIM-1 and Src and validated through a direct comparison with the classical radiometric assay using the [γ-(32)P]-labeled ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Maiti S, Pezzato C, Garcia Martin S, Prins LJ. Multivalent Interactions Regulate Signal Transduction in a Self-Assembled Hg2+ Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11288-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Maiti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Garcia Martin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Pezzato C, Scrimin P, Prins LJ. Zn2+-Regulated Self-Sorting and Mixing of Phosphates and Carboxylates on the Surface of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2104-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Pezzato C, Scrimin P, Prins LJ. Zn2+-Regulated Self-Sorting and Mixing of Phosphates and Carboxylates on the Surface of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pieters G, Pezzato C, Prins LJ. Controlling supramolecular complex formation on the surface of a monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle in water. Langmuir 2013; 29:7180-7185. [PMID: 23259676 DOI: 10.1021/la304316z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A combination of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions drives the self-assembly of a large number of small molecules on the surface of a monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle. The hydrophobic interactions originate from the insertion of an aromatic unit in the hydrophobic part of the monolayer. This is evidenced by a shift in the emission wavelength of the fluorogenic probe upon binding. Up to around 35 small molecules can be simultaneously bound to the monolayer surface at micromolar concentrations in water. It is shown that an understanding of the supramolecular interactions that drive complex formation on the monolayer surface provides unprecedented control over the supramolecular chemistry occurring on the surface. By taking advantage of the different kinds of noncovalent interactions present in different probes, it is possibile to displace one type of surface-bound molecule from a heteromeric surface selectively. Finally, it is also possible to catch and release one type of surface-bound molecule selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Pieters
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
A sensing system has been obtained by self-assembly of multiple fluorescent indicators and monolayer protected gold nanoparticles. The system is able to discriminate between each of the eight nucleotides NDP and NTP (N = A, T, G, C) in a quantitative manner at micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Pieters
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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