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Fernández-Nóvoa D, González-Cao J, Figueira JR, Catita C, García-Feal O, Gómez-Gesteira M, Trigo RM. Numerical simulation of the deadliest flood event of Portugal: Unravelling the causes of the disaster. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165092. [PMID: 37355113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The flood event of November 25 and 26, 1967 corresponds to the deadliest storm affecting Portugal in recent centuries being responsible for >500 fatalities. The main trigger was the heavy rain that fell in just a few hours, provoking a rapid increase in river flows, although other concurrent circumstances had to occur to reach the dramatic water levels estimated in some affected places. However, even today, several important uncertainties related to water levels achieved and timing of floods remain. Here we aim to clarify some of the pending issues by applying suitable high performance numerical tools to elucidate the main conditioning factors that played a key role in the intensification of this dramatic flood. In particular, the analysis has been focused on Quintas village, the location most affected, where >100 fatalities were recorded, close to 2/3 of its total population at the time. The main conclusion provided by the numerical simulations was that a plugging of water flow downstream of Quintas village, favoured by a poor terrain maintenance coupled with the bottleneck created by topographic features, caused the critical over-elevation of water levels. Simulations also corroborate the rapid increase in water levels in Quintas village, with an estimated rise of >2 m in just two hours, as well as the occurrence of the flood during the night, preventing many people to be aware of the extreme danger they were facing and safeguarding themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Nóvoa
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus da Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - José González-Cao
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus da Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jose R Figueira
- Departamento de Expresión Gráfica, Universidad de Extremadura, Mérida, Spain
| | - Cristina Catita
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Orlando García-Feal
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus da Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Moncho Gómez-Gesteira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Campus da Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ricardo M Trigo
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Grilo F, Pinho P, Aleixo C, Catita C, Silva P, Lopes N, Freitas C, Santos-Reis M, McPhearson T, Branquinho C. Using green to cool the grey: Modelling the cooling effect of green spaces with a high spatial resolution. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138182. [PMID: 32408445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The urban heat island effect creates warmer and drier conditions in urban areas than in their surrounding rural areas. This effect is predicted to be exacerbated in the future, under a climate change scenario. One way to mitigate this effect is to use the urban green infrastructure as a way to promote the cooling island effect. In this study we aimed to model, with a high spatial resolution, how Mediterranean urban parks can be maximized to be used as cooling islands, by answering the following questions: i) which factors influence the cooling effect and when?; ii) what type of green spaces contributes the most to the cooling effect?; iii) what is the cooling distance of influence? To answer these questions we established a sampling design where temperature and relative humidity were measured in different seasons, in locations with contrasting characteristics of green and grey cover. We were able to model the effect of green and grey spaces in the cooling island effect and build high spatial resolution predicting maps for temperature and relative humidity. Our study showed that even green spaces with reduced areas can regulate microclimate, alleviating temperature by 1-3 °C and increasing moisture by 2-8%, on average. Green spaces with a higher density of trees were more efficient in delivering the cooling effect. The morphology, aspect and level of exposure of grey surfaces to the solar radiation were also important features included in the models. Green spaces influenced temperature and relative humidity up to 60 m away from the parks' limits, whereas grey areas influenced in a much lesser range, from 5 m up to 10 m. These models can now be used by citizens and stakeholders for green spaces management and human well-being impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Grilo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Aleixo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catita
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Silva
- Department for Environment, Climate, Energy and Mobility of the City Council of Almada, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lopes
- Department for Environment, Climate, Energy and Mobility of the City Council of Almada, Portugal
| | - Catarina Freitas
- Department for Environment, Climate, Energy and Mobility of the City Council of Almada, Portugal
| | - Margarida Santos-Reis
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Timon McPhearson
- Urban Systems Lab, The New School, New York, NY, USA; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Vieira-Sousa E, Alves P, Rodrigues AM, Teixeira F, Tavares-Costa J, Bernardo A, Pimenta S, Pimentel-Santos FM, Gomes JL, Aguiar R, Pinto P, Videira T, Catita C, Santos H, Borges J, Sequeira G, Ribeiro C, Teixeira L, Ávila-Ribeiro P, Martins FM, Canhão H, McInnes IB, Ribeiro RM, Fonseca JE. GO-DACT: a phase 3b randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of GOlimumab plus methotrexate (MTX) versus placebo plus MTX in improving DACTylitis in MTX-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:490-498. [PMID: 32193187 PMCID: PMC7147178 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To assess the efficacy of golimumab in combination with methotrexate (MTX) versus MTX monotherapy in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) dactylitis. Methods Multicentre, investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design phase 3b trial in 11 Portuguese rheumatology centres. Patients with PsA along with active dactylitis and naive to MTX and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) were randomly assigned to golimumab or placebo, both in combination with MTX. The primary endpoint was Dactylitis Severity Score (DSS) change from baseline to week 24. Key secondary endpoints included DSS and Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI) response, and changes from baseline in the LDI and MRI dactylitis score. Analysis was by intention-to-treat for the primary endpoint. Results Twenty-one patients received golimumab plus MTX and 23 MTX monotherapy for 24 weeks. One patient from each arm discontinued. Patient inclusion was halted at 50% planned recruitment due to a favourable interim analysis. Median baseline DSS was 6 in both arms. By week 24, patients treated with golimumab plus MTX exhibited significantly greater improvements in DSS relative to MTX monotherapy (median change of 5 vs 2 points, respectively; p=0.026). In the golimumab plus MTX arm, significantly higher proportions of patients achieved at least 50% or 70% improvement in DSS and 20%, 50% or 70% improvement in LDI in comparison to MTX monotherapy. Conclusions The combination of golimumab and MTX as first-line bDMARD therapy is superior to MTX monotherapy for the treatment of PsA dactylitis. Trial registration number NCT02065713
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal .,Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alves
- Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Rodrigues
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital de Santo Espirito da Ilha Terceira EPER, Angra do Heroismo, Ilha Terceira, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal.,EpiDoc Unit, CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Teixeira
- Rheumatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho EPE, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Jose Tavares-Costa
- Rheumatology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho EPE, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Bernardo
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Pimenta
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Pimentel-Santos
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Renata Aguiar
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Infante Dom Pedro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pinto
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Centre of Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Taciana Videira
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Centre of Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catita
- Rheumatology Clinic, Hospital Particular do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena Santos
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Borges
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Sequeira
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve EPE, Faro, Portugal
| | - Célia Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve EPE, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lídia Teixeira
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta EPE, Almada, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ávila-Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Helena Canhão
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal.,EpiDoc Unit, CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruy M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biomatemática, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
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Vieira-Sousa E, Canhão H, Alves P, Rodrigues AM, Teixeira F, Tavares-Costa J, Bernardo A, Pimenta S, Pimentel-Santos F, Gomes JL, Aguiar R, Videira T, Pinto P, Catita C, Santos H, Borges J, Sequeira G, Ribeiro C, Teixeira L, Ávila-Ribeiro P, Martins FM, Ribeiro RM, Fonseca JE. The GO-DACT protocol: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy of golimumab in combination with methotrexate (MTX) versus MTX monotherapy. Acta Reumatol Port 2018; 43:80-92. [PMID: 30091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The GO-DACT is an investigator-initiated, national, multicentric randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial, that assesses dactylitis as primary endpoint. Psoriatic arthritis patients naïve to methotrexate and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, with at least one active dactylitis, were assigned to golimumab in combination with methotrexate or placebo in combination with methotrexate, for 24 weeks. Both clinical (dactylitis severity score and the Leeds dactylitis index) and imaging (high resolution magnetic resonance imaging), among others, were assessed as outcomes. The main objective of GO-DACT is to provide evidence to improve the treatment algorithm and care of psoriatic arthritis patients with active dactylitis. In this manuscript we describe the GO-DACT protocol and general concepts of the methodology of this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN; Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Alves
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Rodrigues
- Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, Açores e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Teixeira
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho, Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sofia Pimenta
- Centro Hospitalar São João do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - João L Gomes
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Taciana Videira
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pinto
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Ávila-Ribeiro
- Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN; Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN; Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Horta MA, Bruniera R, Ker F, Catita C, Ferreira AP. Temporal relationship between environmental factors and the occurrence of dengue fever. Int J Environ Health Res 2014; 24:471-481. [PMID: 24383820 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2013.865713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine the time-lag effect of meteorological factors on the relative risk (RR) of dengue incidence in Coronel Fabriciano city, Brazil, we applied a distributed lag nonlinear model, a modeling framework that can simultaneously represent nonlinear exposure-response dependencies and delayed effects, to establish the association between dengue incidence and weather predictors. The weekly number of notified dengue cases during the period 2004-2010 was used for analysis. When considering the rainfall, the highest RR (1.2) was observed for lag 10. Observing the cumulative effect of the precipitation, the RR for 12th and 13th week was RR = 4. The highest risk, 1.25, was observed at 25 °C, denoting that the risk of dengue transmission increases with temperature. Climate-based models that take into account the time lag between rainfall, temperature, and dengue can be useful in dengue control programs to be applied in tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio Horta
- a Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National School of Public Health , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Machado P, Bogas M, Ribeiro A, Costa J, Neto A, Sepriano A, Raposo A, Cravo AR, Vilar A, Furtado C, Ambrósio C, Miguel C, Vaz C, Catita C, Nour D, Araújo D, Vieira-Sousa E, Teixeira F, Brandão F, Canhão H, Cordeiro I, Gonçalves I, Ferreira J, Fonseca JE, da Silva JAP, Romeu J, Ferreira J, Costa L, Maurício L, Cunha-Miranda L, Parente M, Coutinho M, Cruz M, Oliveira M, Salvador MJ, Santos MJ, Pinto P, Valente P, Abreu P, Roque R, Ramiro S, Capela S, Las V, Barcelos A. 2011 Portuguese recommendations for the use of biological therapies in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Acta Reumatol Port 2012; 37:26-39. [PMID: 22781512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop recommendations for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with biological therapies, endorsed by the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology. METHODS These treatment recommendations were formulated by Portuguese rheumatologists based on literature evidence and consensus opinion. A draft of the recommendations was first circulated to all Portuguese rheumatologists and their suggestions were incorporated in the draft. At a national meeting the recommendations were discussed and all attending rheumatologists voted on the level of agreement for each recommendation. A second draft was again circulated before publication. RESULTS A consensus was achieved regarding the initiation, assessment of response and switching biological therapies in patients with PsA. Specific recommendations were developed for several disease domains: peripheral arthritis, axial disease, enthesitis and dactylitis. CONCLUSION These recommendations may be used for guidance in deciding which patients with PsA should be treated with biological therapies. They cover a rapidly evolving area of therapeutic intervention. As more evidence becomes available and more biological therapies are licensed, these recommendations will have to be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Machado
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
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