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Ward CM, Onetto CA, Van Den Heuvel S, Cuijvers KM, Hale LJ, Borneman AR. Recombination, admixture and genome instability shape the genomic landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived from spontaneous grape ferments. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011223. [PMID: 38517929 PMCID: PMC10990190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultural exchange of fermentation techniques has driven the spread of Saccharomyces cerevisiae across the globe, establishing natural populations in many countries. Despite this, Oceania is thought to lack native populations of S. cerevisiae, only being introduced after colonisation. Here we investigate the genomic landscape of 411 S. cerevisiae isolated from spontaneous grape fermentations in Australia across multiple locations, years, and grape cultivars. Spontaneous fermentations contained highly recombined mosaic strains that exhibited high levels of genome instability. Assigning genomic windows to putative ancestral origin revealed that few closely related starter lineages have come to dominate the genetic landscape, contributing most of the genetic variation. Fine-scale phylogenetic analysis of loci not observed in strains of commercial wine origin identified widespread admixture with European derived beer yeast along with three independent admixture events from potentially endemic Oceanic lineages that was associated with genome instability. Finally, we investigated Australian ecological niches for basal isolates, identifying phylogenetically distinct S. cerevisiae of non-European, non-domesticated origin associated with admixture loci. Our results illustrate the effect commercial use of microbes may have on local microorganism genetic diversity and demonstrates the presence of non-domesticated, potentially endemic lineages of S. cerevisiae in Australian niches that are actively admixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M. Ward
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cristobal A. Onetto
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Laura J. Hale
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Borneman
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Onetto CA, Kutyna DR, Kolouchova R, McCarthy J, Borneman AR, Schmidt SA. SO2 and copper tolerance exhibit an evolutionary trade-off in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010692. [PMID: 36976798 PMCID: PMC10081759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper tolerance and SO2 tolerance are two well-studied phenotypic traits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetic bases of these traits are the allelic expansion at the CUP1 locus and reciprocal translocation at the SSU1 locus, respectively. Previous work identified a negative association between SO2 and copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeasts. Here we probe the relationship between SO2 and copper tolerance and show that an increase in CUP1 copy number does not always impart copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeast. Bulk-segregant QTL analysis was used to identify variance at SSU1 as a causative factor in copper sensitivity, which was verified by reciprocal hemizygosity analysis in a strain carrying 20 copies of CUP1. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis demonstrated that SSU1 over-expression did not suppress CUP1 transcription or constrain protein production and provided evidence that SSU1 over-expression induced sulfur limitation during exposure to copper. Finally, an SSU1 over-expressing strain exhibited increased sensitivity to moderately elevated copper concentrations in sulfur-limited medium, demonstrating that SSU1 over-expression burdens the sulfate assimilation pathway. Over-expression of MET 3/14/16, genes upstream of H2S production in the sulfate assimilation pathway increased the production of SO2 and H2S but did not improve copper sensitivity in an SSU1 over-expressing background. We conclude that copper and SO2 tolerance are conditional traits in S. cerevisiae and provide evidence of the metabolic basis for their mutual exclusivity. These findings suggest an evolutionary driver for the extreme amplification of CUP1 observed in some yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal A Onetto
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dariusz R Kutyna
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Radka Kolouchova
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane McCarthy
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony R Borneman
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A Schmidt
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
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Kutyna DR, Onetto CA, Williams TC, Goold HD, Paulsen IT, Pretorius IS, Johnson DL, Borneman AR. Construction of a synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae pan-genome neo-chromosome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3628. [PMID: 35750675 PMCID: PMC9232646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) represents the first foray into eukaryotic genome engineering and a framework for designing and building the next generation of industrial microbes. However, the laboratory strain S288c used lacks many of the genes that provide phenotypic diversity to industrial and environmental isolates. To address this shortcoming, we have designed and constructed a neo-chromosome that contains many of these diverse pan-genomic elements and which is compatible with the Sc2.0 design and test framework. The presence of this neo-chromosome provides phenotypic plasticity to the Sc2.0 parent strain, including expanding the range of utilizable carbon sources. We also demonstrate that the induction of programmable structural variation (SCRaMbLE) provides genetic diversity on which further adaptive gains could be selected. The presence of this neo-chromosome within the Sc2.0 backbone may therefore provide the means to adapt synthetic strains to a wider variety of environments, a process which will be vital to transitioning Sc2.0 from the laboratory into industrial applications. The Sc2.0 consortia is reengineering the yeast genome. To expand the Sc2.0 genetic repertoire, the authors build a neo-chromosome comprising variable loci from diverse yeast isolates, providing phenotypic plasticity for use in synthetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz R Kutyna
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Cristobal A Onetto
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Thomas C Williams
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology and Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia
| | - Hugh D Goold
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology and Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia.,New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Woodbridge Road, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology and Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia
| | - Isak S Pretorius
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology and Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia.,The Chancellery, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel L Johnson
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.,The Chancellery, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anthony R Borneman
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia. .,School of Wine, Food and Agriculture, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Onetto CA, Sosnowski MR, Van Den Heuvel S, Borneman AR. Population genomics of the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata reveals evidence for population expansion and intraspecific differences in secondary metabolite gene clusters. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010153. [PMID: 35363788 PMCID: PMC9007359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutypa dieback of grapevine is an important disease caused by the generalist Ascomycete fungus Eutypa lata. Despite the relevance of this species to the global wine industry, its genomic diversity remains unknown, with only a single publicly available genome assembly. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics was performed on forty Australian E. lata isolates to understand the genome evolution, adaptation, population size and structure of these isolates. Phylogenetic and linkage disequilibrium decay analyses provided evidence of extensive gene flow through sexual recombination between isolates obtained from different geographic locations and hosts. Investigation of the genetic diversity of these isolates suggested rapid population expansion, likely as a consequence of the recent growth of the Australian wine industry. Genomic regions affected by selective sweeps were shown to be enriched for genes associated with secondary metabolite clusters and included genes encoding proteins with a role in nutrient acquisition, degradation of host cell wall and metal and drug resistance, suggesting recent adaptation to both abiotic factors and potentially host genotypes. Genome synteny analysis using long-read genome assemblies showed significant intraspecific genomic plasticity with extensive chromosomal rearrangements impacting the secondary metabolite production potential of this species. Finally, k-mer based GWAS analysis identified a potential locus associated with mycelia recovery in canes of Vitis vinifera that will require further investigations. Eutypa dieback of grapevine, caused by the Ascomycete fungus Eutypa lata, is responsible for significant economic losses to the wine industry. Despite the worldwide prevalence of this pathogen, its genomic diversity remains unknown, with only a single publicly available genome assembly. This knowledge gap was addressed by performing whole-genome sequencing of 40 E. lata isolates sourced from different hosts and geographical locations around Australia. Investigation of the genetic diversity of this population showed a high degree of gene-flow and sexual recombination as well as demographic expansion. Through the inspection of signatures of selective sweeps, repeat-mediated chromosomal rearrangements, and pan-genomic elements, it was shown that this species has a highly dynamic secondary metabolite production potential that could have important implications for its pathogenicity and lifestyle. In addition, application of a k-mer based GWAS methodology, identified a potential locus associated with the growth of this species within canes of Vitis vinifera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Wine, Food and Agriculture, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Anthony R. Borneman
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Wine, Food and Agriculture, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Onetto CA, Costello PJ, Kolouchova R, Jordans C, McCarthy J, Schmidt SA. Analysis of Transcriptomic Response to SO 2 by Oenococcus oeni Growing in Continuous Culture. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0115421. [PMID: 34612664 PMCID: PMC8510247 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01154-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To successfully complete malolactic fermentation (MLF), Oenococcus oeni must overcome wine stress conditions of low pH, high ethanol, and the presence of SO2. Failure to complete MLF may result in detrimental effects to the quality and stability of the resulting wines. Research efforts to date have focused on elucidating the mechanisms and genetic features that confer the ability to withstand low pH and high ethanol concentrations on O. oeni; however, the responses to SO2 stress are less well defined. This study focused on characterizing the transcriptional response of O. oeni to SO2 challenge during cultivation in a continuous system at wine-like pH (3.5). This experimental design allowed the precise discrimination of transcriptional changes linked to SO2 stress from responses associated with growth stage and cultivation parameters. Differential gene expression analysis revealed major transcriptional changes following SO2 exposure and suggested that this compound primarily interacts with intracellular proteins, DNA, and the cell envelope of O. oeni. The molecular chaperone hsp20, which has a demonstrated function in the heat, ethanol, and acid stress response, was highly upregulated, confirming its additional role in the response of this species to SO2 stress. This work also reports the first nanopore-based complete genome assemblies for O. oeni. IMPORTANCE Malolactic fermentation is an indispensable step in the elaboration of most wines and is generally performed by Oenococcus oeni, a Gram-positive heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium species. While O. oeni is tolerant to many of the wine stresses, including low pH and high ethanol concentrations, it has high sensitivity to SO2, an antiseptic and antioxidant compound regularly used in winemaking. Understanding the physiological changes induced in O. oeni by SO2 stress is essential for the development of more robust starter cultures and methods for their use. This study describes the main transcriptional changes induced by SO2 stress in the wine bacterium O. oeni and provides foundational understanding on how this compound interacts with the cellular components and the induced protective mechanisms of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal A. Onetto
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J. Costello
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Radka Kolouchova
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charlotte Jordans
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane McCarthy
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A. Schmidt
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
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Onetto CA, Schmidt SA, Roach MJ, Borneman AR. Comparative genome analysis proposes three new Aureobasidium species isolated from grape juice. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5902852. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Aureobasidium pullulans is the most abundant and ubiquitous species within the genus and is also considered a core component of the grape juice microflora. So far, a small number of other Aureobasidium species have been reported, that in contrast to A. pullulans, appear far more constrained to specific habitats. It is unknown whether grape juice is a reservoir of novel Aureobasidium species, overlooked in the course of conventional morphological and meta-barcoding analyses. In this study, eight isolates from grape juice taxonomically classified as Aureobasidium through ITS sequencing were subjected to whole-genome phylogenetic, synteny and nucleotide identity analyses, which revealed three isolates to likely represent newly discovered Aureobasidium species. Analyses of ITS and metagenomic sequencing datasets show that these species can be present in grape juice samples from different locations and vintages. Functional annotation revealed the Aureobasidium isolates possess the genetic potential to support growth on the surface of plants and grapes. However, the loss of several genes associated with tolerance to diverse environmental stresses suggest a more constrained ecological range than A. pullulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal A Onetto
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, PO Box 197, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Simon A Schmidt
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, PO Box 197, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Michael J Roach
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, PO Box 197, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Anthony R Borneman
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, PO Box 197, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
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Tondini F, Onetto CA, Jiranek V. Early adaptation strategies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii to co-inoculation in high sugar grape must-like media. Food Microbiol 2020; 90:103463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Onetto CA, Borneman AR, Schmidt SA. Investigating the effects of Aureobasidium pullulans on grape juice composition and fermentation. Food Microbiol 2020; 90:103451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Onetto CA, Grbin PR, McIlroy SJ, Eales KL. Genomic insights into the metabolism of ‘CandidatusDefluviicoccus seviourii’, a member ofDefluviicoccuscluster III abundant in industrial activated sludge. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 95:5210054. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal A Onetto
- Department of Wine & Food Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5064, Australia
| | - Paul R Grbin
- Department of Wine & Food Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5064, Australia
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Eales
- Department of Wine & Food Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5064, Australia
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McIlroy SJ, Onetto CA, McIlroy B, Herbst FA, Dueholm MS, Kirkegaard RH, Fernando E, Karst SM, Nierychlo M, Kristensen JM, Eales KL, Grbin PR, Wimmer R, Nielsen PH. Genomic and in Situ Analyses Reveal the Micropruina spp. as Abundant Fermentative Glycogen Accumulating Organisms in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Systems. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1004. [PMID: 29875741 PMCID: PMC5974061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) involves the cycling of biomass through carbon-rich (feast) and carbon-deficient (famine) conditions, promoting the activity of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). However, several alternate metabolic strategies, without polyphosphate storage, are possessed by other organisms, which can compete with the PAO for carbon at the potential expense of EBPR efficiency. The most studied are the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which utilize aerobically stored glycogen to energize anaerobic substrate uptake and storage. In full-scale systems the Micropruina spp. are among the most abundant of the proposed GAO, yet little is known about their ecophysiology. In the current study, genomic and metabolomic studies were performed on Micropruina glycogenica str. Lg2T and compared to the in situ physiology of members of the genus in EBPR plants using state-of-the-art single cell techniques. The Micropruina spp. were observed to take up carbon, including sugars and amino acids, under anaerobic conditions, which were partly fermented to lactic acid, acetate, propionate, and ethanol, and partly stored as glycogen for potential aerobic use. Fermentation was not directly demonstrated for the abundant members of the genus in situ, but was strongly supported by the confirmation of anaerobic uptake of carbon and glycogen storage in the absence of detectable polyhydroxyalkanoates or polyphosphate reserves. This physiology is markedly different from the classical GAO model. The amount of carbon stored by fermentative organisms has potentially important implications for phosphorus removal – as they compete for substrates with the Tetrasphaera PAO and stored carbon is not made available to the “Candidatus Accumulibacter” PAO under anaerobic conditions. This study shows that the current models of the competition between PAO and GAO are too simplistic and may need to be revised to take into account the impact of potential carbon storage by fermentative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cristobal A Onetto
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bianca McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten S Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H Kirkegaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eustace Fernando
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jannie M Kristensen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kathryn L Eales
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul R Grbin
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Onetto CA, Eales KL, Guagliardo P, Kilburn MR, Gambetta JM, Grbin PR. Managing the excessive proliferation of glycogen accumulating organisms in industrial activated sludge by nitrogen supplementation: A FISH-NanoSIMS approach. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 40:500-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Onetto CA, Eales KL, Grbin PR. Remediation of Thiothrix spp. associated bulking problems by raw wastewater feeding: A full-scale experience. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 40:396-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Walters FM, Onetto CA, Jerman PA. Nutritional needs of the out-patient--an overview. J Am Diet Assoc 1972; 61:170-2. [PMID: 5043846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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