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Jouffroy S, Bordes L, Grisez C, Sutra JF, Cazajous T, Lafon J, Dumont N, Chastel M, Vial-Novella C, Achard D, Karembe H, Devaux M, Abbadie M, Delmas C, Lespine A, Jacquiet P. First report of eprinomectin-resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus in 5 dairy sheep farms from the Pyrénées Atlantiques département in France. Parasitology 2023; 150:1-9. [PMID: 36661208 PMCID: PMC10090475 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Infection of sheep by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in pastoral systems such as those found in the South Western area of France, the Pyrénées Atlantiques, is one of the main reasons for economic loss and degradation of their welfare. In the present study, the efficacy of eprinomectin (EPN) was monitored on farms from this area following suspicion of lack of anthelmintic efficacy. Suspicions were raised by veterinarians, based on clinical signs ranging from milk and body condition loss, to anaemia, and mortality. Resistance was evaluated according to the World Association for the Advancement for Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines using fecal egg count reduction tests reinforced by individual analysis of drug concentration in the serum of all treated ewes by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). EPN was administered by subcutaneous (SC) and topical (T) route according to manufacturer's requirements, as well as by the oral route (O) with the topical solution according to off-labelled practices in the field. For the first time in France, the presence of resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus to EPN was observed in 5 dairy sheep farms. The HPLC dosages showed exposure of worms to concentrations compatible with anthelmintic activity for animals treated by the SC and O routes. By contrast, they showed under exposure to the drug of most individuals treated by the T route. EPN is the only null milk withdrawal anthelmintic molecule currently available. The presence of resistant isolates of the pathogenic H. contortus to EPN in this important dairy region requires an urgent change in grazing, and sometimes production, systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jouffroy
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- CEVA Santé Animale, 33500 Libourne, France
| | - L. Bordes
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - C. Grisez
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - J. F. Sutra
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - T. Cazajous
- Selarl Vétérinaire du Piémont, 64800 Mirepeix, France
| | - J. Lafon
- Clinique Vétérinaire du Haut Béarn, 64400 Oloron Ste Marie, France
| | - N. Dumont
- Vétérinaires Garazi, 64220 St Jean le Vieux, France
| | - M. Chastel
- Clinique du Saison, 64470 Tardets-Sorholus, France
| | | | - D. Achard
- CEVA Santé Animale, 33500 Libourne, France
| | - H. Karembe
- CEVA Santé Animale, 33500 Libourne, France
| | - M. Devaux
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - M. Abbadie
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - C. Delmas
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - A. Lespine
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - P. Jacquiet
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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Buczinski S, Achard D, Timsit E. Effects of calfhood respiratory disease on health and performance of dairy cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8214-8227. [PMID: 33896639 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common calfhood diseases in dairy cattle. Unfortunately, published data on the short- and long-term effects of calfhood BRD on health and performance are scarce and, when available, often conflicting and uncertain. The objective of this study was therefore to review the scientific literature on the effects of calfhood BRD on health and performance of dairy cattle and summarize the research findings using a meta-analysis approach. The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed and CAB Abstract databases were screened for relevant studies that were published in English (until February 3, 2020). Only studies reporting naturally occurring BRD cases from birth to 12 mo of age in dairy calves in Europe and North America were considered eligible. Both observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Random-effect meta-analysis models were used to quantify the effect of BRD on outcomes for which at least 5 studies reported a numeric estimation of the effect of BRD. From an initial pool of 525 references, 27 full-text articles with original data were included in the manuscript. Meta-analysis models were prepared for 4 outcomes: odds of mortality (n = 7 studies), odds of herd removal before first calving (n = 5 studies), average daily gain (n = 10 studies), and milk production during first lactation (n = 5 studies). In these models, heifers diagnosed with BRD during calfhood had 2.85 times higher odds of dying (95% confidence interval: 1.22 to 6.69) and 2.30 times higher odds of herd removal (i.e., dead, culled, or sold) before the first calving (95% confidence interval: 1.75 to 3.03) compared with heifers not diagnosed with this condition. Heifers experiencing calfhood BRD also had an average daily gain reduced by 0.067 kg/d (95% confidence interval: -0.099 to -0.034) and they produced 121.2 kg (95% confidence interval: -184.9 to -57.5) less milk during their first lactation. Other health and performance outcomes, such as age at first calving and odds of not finishing the first lactation, were also investigated but not summarized using a meta-analysis approach. Pooled estimates obtained in the present study may provide more accurate estimates of the overall economic losses associated with calfhood BRD in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2; Centre d'expertise et de recherche clinique en santé et bien-être animal, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2.
| | - D Achard
- Ceva Santé Animale, Libourne, France 33100
| | - E Timsit
- Ceva Santé Animale, Libourne, France 33100; Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
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Achard D, Francoz D, Grimes C, Desrochers A, Nichols S, Babkine M, Fecteau G. Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Recumbent Adult Dairy Cows With or Without Spinal Cord Lesions. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:940-945. [PMID: 28382682 PMCID: PMC5435069 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in recumbent dairy cattle (RDC) is challenging because neurologic examination is limited and medical imaging often is challenging or unrewarding. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is useful in the diagnosis of CNS disorders in cattle. However, its utility in identifying spinal cord lesions in RDC remains to be evaluated. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that CSF analysis would discriminate between RDC with and without spinal cord lesions. Animals Twenty‐one RDC with spinal cord lesions (RDC+) and 19 without (RDC−) were evaluated. Methods Spinal cord lesions were confirmed at necropsy. Signalment, clinical findings, and CSF results were compared retrospectively. Total nucleated cell count and differential, protein concentration, and red blood cell count in RDC+ and RDC− were compared. Results Neoplasia, trauma, and infectious processes were the most frequent spinal cord lesions identified. Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations and TNCC were significantly higher in RDC+ compared to RDC− (P = .0092 and P = .0103, respectively). Additionally, CSF protein concentrations and TNCC in RDC− were lower than previously published reference ranges. Using an interpretation rule based on CSF protein concentration and TNCC, it was possible to accurately identify 13 RDC with spinal cord lesions and 6 RDC without lesions. It was not possible to determine spinal cord status in the remaining 18 RDC. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is valuable in the evaluation of spinal cord status in RDC. The prognosis associated with these findings remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Achard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - D Francoz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - C Grimes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - A Desrochers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - S Nichols
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - M Babkine
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - G Fecteau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Fontana L, Chamoux A, Achard D, Favier-Poulet MC, Schoeffler C, Catilina P. [Chemical odor intolerance. 5 cases]. Presse Med 1999; 28:1816-8. [PMID: 10584111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical odor intolerance is a benign, non-specific, generally subjective syndrome triggered by inhalation of non-toxic doses of chemical compounds or products which had been previously well tolerated. We report five characteristic cases and discuss current data. CASE REPORTS Five patients (3 women, 2 men; age range 23-52 years) presented the basic criteria of chemical odor intolerance: acquired syndrome, non-specific signs (headache, nausea, vertigo ...) triggered by the odor of one or more chemical substances. Physical examination and exploratory tests were normal. In 3 cases, the course was favorable after evicting the causal substances. For the other 2 cases, intolerance spread to other compounds. Four of the patients changed their work situation because of the chemical odor intolerance. DISCUSSION The diagnosis is clinical. Different pathogenic hypotheses have been put forward in the literature: immunological, toxic, neurobiological, psychological, and psychiatric mechanisms have been proposed. The mechanism is probably multifactorial but psychological factors appear to play an important role either as predisposing or triggering factors. CONCLUSION Due to the social and occupational consequences of chemical odor intolerance, better knowledge of its prevalence and mechanism would be most helpful in managing these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fontana
- Service de Médecine du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Faculté de Médecine
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Lelièvre Y, Bouboutou R, Boiziau J, Faucher D, Achard D, Cartwright T. Low molecular weight, sequence based, collagenase inhibitors selectively block the interaction between collagenase and TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases). Matrix 1990; 10:292-9. [PMID: 1964713 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8832(11)80184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-based inhibitors of collagenase bearing an hydroxamate group capable of chelating the active site zinc atom were synthesized and tested. The effect of one of these molecules (RP 59794; Ki about 10(-8) M) on the formation of the TIMP: collagenase complex was also tested. RP 59794 blocks complex formation and can partially dissociate established TIMP: collagenase complexes. It exhibits the same stereospecificity in this activity as in its inhibition of collagenase suggesting that TIMP and RP 59794 both interact with the active site region of collagenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lelièvre
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Vitry, Centre de Recherches de Vitry-Alfortville, France
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