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Hachenberger M, Yeniguen M, Suenner L, Hinchliffe D, Mueller C, Wietelmann A, Gerriets T, Tschernatsch M, Juenemann M, Gerner ST, Doeppner TR, Huttner HB, Braun T. Comparison of edoxaban and enoxaparin in a rat model of AlCl 3-induced thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:3887-3892. [PMID: 37261475 PMCID: PMC10643418 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is an uncommon disease that is usually treated with anticoagulation (heparin, low-molecular heparin, or vitamin K-antagonists). We compared treatment with edoxaban, an oral factor Xa-antagonist, that has not been approved in patients with CSVT, with enoxaparin, a well-established therapy, in a rat model of CSVT. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups (10 animals each) and subjected to aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) or sham procedure. Animals with thrombosis of the SSS were treated with edoxaban, enoxaparin, or placebo. Diagnostic workup included neurological examination, MRI imaging, MR-flow measurements of the SSS, and immunohistochemical staining. Neurological examination revealed no differences between treatment groups. Seven days after initial thrombosis, flow in the SSS was lower in the active treatment group as compared to sham-operated animals (p < 0.05). Flow in the SSS in the active treatment groups (edoxaban 1 h prior to thrombosis: 0.16 cm/s ± 0.06 cm/s; edoxaban 6 h after thrombosis: 0.13 cm/s ± 0.05 cm/s; enoxaparin: 0.13 cm/s ± 0.04 cm/s; placebo: 0.07 cm/s ± 0.02 cm/s) was higher as compared to placebo (p < 0.05), but there were no differences between the active treatment groups (p > 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed no differences in the actively treated animals. Edoxaban proved to be similar to enoxaparin in a model of experimental AlCl3-induced CSVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hachenberger
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Yeniguen
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- NeuroCentrum Wetzlar, Sportparkstrasse 2, 35578, Wetzlar, Germany
| | - L Suenner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Hinchliffe
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Mueller
- Department of Radiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik Bad Nauheim, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - A Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - T Gerriets
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- "Die Neurologen", Private Practice, Frankfurter Strasse 34, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Tschernatsch
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- "Die Neurologen", Private Practice, Frankfurter Strasse 34, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - S T Gerner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - T R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Goettingen Medical School, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - T Braun
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstraße 33, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
- Heart and Brain Research Group, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
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Lundy J, Lovett EJ, Hinchliffe D, Schor M. Chemoimmunotherapy of a murine fibrosarcoma: critical factors for success of combined modality therapy. J Surg Oncol 1977; 9:339-45. [PMID: 895155 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiabendazole (TBZ), a new nonspecific immunopotentiator, was evaluated in combination with Cytoxan in the therapy of a syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma. The reduction of tumor burden by chemotherapy was critical in achieving an optimal response from immunotherapy. Eighty-eight percent of the mice that responded to Cytoxan had sustained regression of tumor with TBZ treatment. The response to TBZ was markedly diminished, both in duration and magnitude, in the mice considered to be Cytoxan nonresponders. Timing of immunotherapy was also important. If Cytoxan and TBZ were given simultaneously, growth kinetics similar to those observed with Cytoxan alone were observed. However, if TBZ was given 4 days after Cytozan administration, prolonged regression of tumor was seen. Alone, TBZ was most effective at a dose of 20 mg/kg. However, in combination with Cytoxan the most effective dose was 0.2 mg/kg. The implications of this finding are discussed.
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