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Jasny BR, Wigginton N, McNutt M, Bubela T, Buck S, Cook-Deegan R, Gardner T, Hanson B, Hustad C, Kiermer V, Lazer D, Lupia A, Manrai A, McConnell L, Noonan K, Phimister E, Simon B, Strandburg K, Summers Z, Watts D. Fostering reproducibility in industry-academia research. Science 2017; 357:759-761. [PMID: 28839064 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N Wigginton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M McNutt
- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
| | - T Bubela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - S Buck
- Laura and John Arnold Foundation, Houston, TX 77056, USA
| | - R Cook-Deegan
- Consortium for Science Policy and Outcomes at Arizona State University, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - T Gardner
- Riffyn, Inc., Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - B Hanson
- American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - C Hustad
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - V Kiermer
- Public Library of Science (PLOS), San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - D Lazer
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Lupia
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Manrai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - L McConnell
- Bayer U.S., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - K Noonan
- McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff LLP, Chicago, IL 60606, USA
| | - E Phimister
- The New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Simon
- Thomas Jefferson School of Law, San Diego, CA 92101, USA
| | - K Strandburg
- New York University School of Law, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Z Summers
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - D Watts
- Microsoft Research, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Cao N, Lin YR, Sun X, Lazer D, Liu S, Qu H. Whisper: Tracing the Spatiotemporal Process of Information Diffusion in Real Time. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2012; 18:2649-2658. [PMID: 26357174 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2012.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When and where is an idea dispersed? Social media, like Twitter, has been increasingly used for exchanging information, opinions and emotions about events that are happening across the world. Here we propose a novel visualization design, "Whisper", for tracing the process of information diffusion in social media in real time. Our design highlights three major characteristics of diffusion processes in social media: the temporal trend, social-spatial extent, and community response of a topic of interest. Such social, spatiotemporal processes are conveyed based on a sunflower metaphor whose seeds are often dispersed far away. In Whisper, we summarize the collective responses of communities on a given topic based on how tweets were retweeted by groups of users, through representing the sentiments extracted from the tweets, and tracing the pathways of retweets on a spatial hierarchical layout. We use an efficient flux line-drawing algorithm to trace multiple pathways so the temporal and spatial patterns can be identified even for a bursty event. A focused diffusion series highlights key roles such as opinion leaders in the diffusion process. We demonstrate how our design facilitates the understanding of when and where a piece of information is dispersed and what are the social responses of the crowd, for large-scale events including political campaigns and natural disasters. Initial feedback from domain experts suggests promising use for today's information consumption and dispersion in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
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Onnela JP, Saramäki J, Hyvönen J, Szabó G, Lazer D, Kaski K, Kertész J, Barabási AL. Structure and tie strengths in mobile communication networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7332-6. [PMID: 17456605 PMCID: PMC1863470 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610245104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic databases, from phone to e-mails logs, currently provide detailed records of human communication patterns, offering novel avenues to map and explore the structure of social and communication networks. Here we examine the communication patterns of millions of mobile phone users, allowing us to simultaneously study the local and the global structure of a society-wide communication network. We observe a coupling between interaction strengths and the network's local structure, with the counterintuitive consequence that social networks are robust to the removal of the strong ties but fall apart after a phase transition if the weak ties are removed. We show that this coupling significantly slows the diffusion process, resulting in dynamic trapping of information in communities and find that, when it comes to information diffusion, weak and strong ties are both simultaneously ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Onnela
- Laboratory of Computational Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 9203, FI-02015 TKK, Helsinki, Finland.
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