Multiwavelength Light Curves of Two Remarkable Sagittarius A* Flares

Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy, is known to be a variable source of X-ray, near-infrared (NIR), and submillimeter radiation and therefore a prime candidate to study the electromagnetic radiation generated by mass accretion flow onto a black hole and/or a related jet. Disentangling the power source and emission mechanisms of this variability is a central challenge to our understanding of accretion flows around SMBHs. Simultaneous multiwavelength observations of the flux variations and their time correlations can play an important role in obtaining a better understanding of possible emission mechanisms and their origin. This paper presents observations of two flares that both apparently violate the previously established patterns in the relative timing of submillimeter/NIR/X-ray flares from Sgr A*. One of these events provides the first evidence of coeval structure between NIR and submillimeter flux increases, while the second event is the first example of the sequence of submillimeter/X-ray/NIR flux increases all occurring within ~1 hr. Each of these two events appears to upend assumptions that have been the basis of some analytic models of flaring in Sgr A*. However, it cannot be ruled out that these events, even though unusual, were just coincidental. These observations demonstrate that we do not fully understand the origin of the multiwavelength variability of Sgr A* and show that there is a continued and important need for long-term, coordinated, and precise multiwavelength observations of Sgr A* to characterize the full range of variability behavior.

[Chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Traditional risk factors are common in ESRD patients, but they alone may not be sufficient to account for the high prevalence of CVD in this population. Recent clinical evidence demonstrates that chronic inflammation, a non traditional risk factor which is commonly observed in ESRD patients, may be associated with the presence of poor nutritional parameters and progressive atherosclerotic CVD. Based on these observations, the presence in ESRD patients of a syndrome consisting in malnutrition, signs of systemic chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome) has recently been suggested. A central role in this syndrome is played by the proinflammatory cytokines generated in response to factors such as chronic renal failure and infectious-inflammatory co-morbid disease. It is now clear that the immune response, both innate and adaptive, is the main cause of inflammation characterising atherosclerosis. As there is as yet no recognized, or even proposed, treatment for ESRD patients with chronic inflammation, it would be of obvious interest to study the long-term effect of various inflammatory treatment strategies on the nutritional and cardiovascular status as well as the outcome in these patients.

[Sexuality. Cultural, social and clinical aspects]

The deep changes in values, beliefs and behaviour, both individual and group, have been examined, referred to the sexuality, by various methods and prospects. Sexual differentiation, typical of the plast, has been rediscussed and modified. As a result of these changes we can talk about old myths, concerning the conception of sexuality in the past, and new myths that concern the present. In this work we have reviewed the different aspects of male and female roles: masturbation, the obsession abort performance, the orgasm and, not last, the sexuality in old age condition.