1
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Ongena J, Castano-Bardawil D, Crombé K, Kazakov Y, Schweer B, Stepanov I, Van Schoor M, Vervier M, Krämer-Flecken A, Neubauer O, Nicolai D, Satheeswaran G, Offermanns G, Hollfeld K, Benndorf A, Dinklage A, Hartmann D, Kallmeyer J, Wolf R, TEC. Physics design, construction and commissioning of the ICRH system for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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2
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Drews P, Dittmar T, Killer C, Winters V, Kirschner A, Brezinsek S, Xu S, Wang E, Jakubowski M, Brunner K, Knauer J, Grulke O, Höschen D, Knieps A, Nicolai D, Neubauer O, Satheeswaran G, Hirsch M, Höfel U, Liang Y. Effectiveness of local methane and hydrogen injection into the scrape-off layer of W7-X by means of the multi-purpose manipulator. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Goriaev A, Wauters T, Möller S, Brakel R, Brezinsek S, Buermans J, Crombé K, Dinklage A, Habrichs R, Höschen D, Krause M, Kovtun Y, López-Rodríguez D, Louche F, Moon S, Nicolai D, Thomas J, Ragona R, Rubel M, Rüttgers T, Petersson P, Brunsell P, Linsmeier C, Van Schoor M. The upgraded TOMAS device: A toroidal plasma facility for wall conditioning, plasma production, and plasma-surface interaction studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023506. [PMID: 33648119 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Toroidal Magnetized System device has been significantly upgraded to enable development of various wall conditioning techniques, including methods based on ion and electron cyclotron (IC/EC) range of frequency plasmas, and to complement plasma-wall interaction research in tokamaks and stellarators. The toroidal magnetic field generated by 16 coils can reach its maximum of 125 mT on the toroidal axis. The EC system is operated at 2.45 GHz with up to 6 kW forward power. The IC system can couple up to 6 kW in the frequency range of 10 MHz-50 MHz. The direct current glow discharge system is based on a graphite anode with a maximum voltage of 1.5 kV and a current of 6 A. A load-lock system with a vertical manipulator allows exposure of material samples. A number of diagnostics have been installed: single- and triple-pin Langmuir probes for radial plasma profiles, a time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer capable of detecting neutrals in the energy range of 10 eV-1000 eV, and a quadrupole mass spectrometer and video systems for plasma imaging. The majority of systems and diagnostics are controlled by the Siemens SIMATIC S7 system, which also provides safety interlocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goriaev
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Wauters
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Möller
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Brakel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Brezinsek
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Buermans
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Crombé
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Dinklage
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Habrichs
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - D Höschen
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Krause
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Kovtun
- Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | | | - F Louche
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Moon
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Nicolai
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Thomas
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Ragona
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Rubel
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Rüttgers
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - P Petersson
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Brunsell
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ch Linsmeier
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Van Schoor
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Henkel M, Li Y, Liang Y, Drews P, Knieps A, Killer C, Nicolai D, Höschen D, Geiger J, Xiao C, Sandri N, Satheeswaran G, Liu S, Grulke O, Jakubowski M, Brezinsek S, Otte M, Neubauer O, Schweer B, Xu G, Cai J. Retarding field analyzer for the wendelstein 7-X boundary plasma. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Knieps A, Liang Y, Drews P, Endler M, Grulke O, Huang Z, Killer C, Liu S, Nicolai D, Rahbarnia K, Sandri N, Satheeswaran G. Design and characteristics of a low-frequency magnetic probe for magnetic profile measurements at Wendelstein 7-X. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:073506. [PMID: 32752844 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium analysis in fusion devices usually relies on plasma pressure profiles and magnetic measurements outside the plasma. The kinetic profiles can give indirect information about the equilibrium magnetic field, while the stationary magnetic diagnostics cannot resolve current distributions on a smaller scale. This work presents a reciprocating magnetic probe, designed to provide direct plasma response measurements of the magnetic field in the scrape-off layer of Wendelstein 7-X. Hardware design and frequency characteristics are discussed, and a post-processing technique for extending the lower frequency cutoff of the integration scheme is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Knieps
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Y Liang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - P Drews
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - M Endler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald 17491, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald 17491, Germany
| | - Z Huang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - C Killer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald 17491, Germany
| | - S Liu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - D Nicolai
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - K Rahbarnia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald 17491, Germany
| | - N Sandri
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - G Satheeswaran
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), Jülich 52425, Germany
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6
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Drews P, Killer C, Cosfeld J, Knieps A, Brezinsek S, Jakubowski M, Brandt C, Bozhenkov S, Dinklage A, Cai J, Endler M, Hammond K, Henkel M, Gao Y, Geiger J, Grulke O, Höschen D, König R, Krämer-Flecken A, Liang Y, Li Y, Liu S, Niemann H, Nicolai D, Neubauer O, Neuner U, Rack M, Rahbarnia K, Rudischhauser L, Sandri N, Satheeswaran G, Schilling S, Thomsen H, Windisch T, Sereda S. Edge plasma measurements on the OP 1.2a divertor plasmas at W7-X using the combined probe. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Zlobinski M, Sergienko G, Martynova Y, Matveev D, Unterberg B, Brezinsek S, Spilker B, Nicolai D, Rasinski M, Möller S, Linsmeier C, Lungu C, Porosnicu C, Dinca P, De Temmerman G. Laser-Induced Desorption of co-deposited Deuterium in Beryllium Layers on Tungsten. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Cai J, Liang Y, Killer C, Liu S, Hiller A, Knieps A, Schweer B, Höschen D, Nicolai D, Offermanns G, Satheeswaran G, Henkel M, Hollfeld K, Grulke O, Drews P, Krings T, Li Y. A new multi-channel Mach probe measuring the radial ion flow velocity profile in the boundary plasma of the W7-X stellarator. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:033502. [PMID: 30927788 DOI: 10.1063/1.5054279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion flow velocity measurement in the edge and scraper-off layer region is beneficial to understand the confinement related phenomenon in fusion devices such as impurity transport and plays an important role in impurity control. During the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) operation phase 1.2a, a multi-channel (MC) Mach probe mounted on the multi-purpose manipulator has been used to measure radial profiles of edge ion flow velocity. This MC-Mach probe consists of two polar and two radial arrays of directional Langmuir pins (28 pins in total) serving for different aims, of which the polar arrays could obtain a polar distribution of ion saturation current, while the radial arrays can be used to study the dynamic process of a radially propagated event. In this paper, we report the observation of the radially outward propagation of a low frequency mode with a speed of around 200 m/s. The first measurement of the radial ion flow velocity profile using the MC-Mach probe in the boundary plasma of the W7-X with an island divertor will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - C Killer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Teilinstitut Greifswald, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - A Hiller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Knieps
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - B Schweer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Höschen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Nicolai
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - G Offermanns
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - G Satheeswaran
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Henkel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - K Hollfeld
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik Teilinstitut Greifswald, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Drews
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - T Krings
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Y Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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9
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Langenberg A, Pablant NA, Wegner T, Traverso P, Marchuk O, Bräuer T, Geiger B, Fuchert G, Bozhenkov S, Pasch E, Grulke O, Kunkel F, Killer C, Nicolai D, Satheeswaran G, Hollfeld KP, Schweer B, Krings T, Drews P, Offermanns G, Pavone A, Svensson J, Alonso JA, Burhenn R, Wolf RC. Prospects of X-ray imaging spectrometers for impurity transport: Recent results from the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10G101. [PMID: 30399890 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the design and the performance of the recently upgraded X-ray imaging spectrometer systems, X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer and high resolution X-ray imaging spectrometer, installed at the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. High resolution spectra of highly ionized, He-like Si, Ar, Ti, and Fe as well as H-like Ar have been observed. A cross comparison of ion and electron temperature profiles derived from a spectral fit and tomographic inversion of Ar and Fe spectra shows a reasonable match with both the spectrometers. The also measured impurity density profiles of Ar and Fe have peaked densities at radial positions that are in qualitative agreement with the expectations from the He-like impurity fractional abundances, given the measured temperature profiles. Repeated measurements of impurity decay times have been demonstrated with an accuracy of 1 ms via injection of non-recycling Ti, Fe, and Mo impurities using a laser blow-off system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Langenberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - N A Pablant
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - Th Wegner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Traverso
- Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - O Marchuk
- Department of Physics, PPFE, Technical University of Denmark DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Bräuer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Geiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Fuchert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Bozhenkov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - E Pasch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Kunkel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Killer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Nicolai
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - G Satheeswaran
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - K P Hollfeld
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - B Schweer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - T Krings
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - P Drews
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - G Offermanns
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Pavone
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Svensson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J A Alonso
- Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, Asociación EURATOM-CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Burhenn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R C Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Kubkowska M, Czarnecka A, Fornal T, Gruca M, Jabłoński S, Krawczyk N, Ryć L, Burhenn R, Buttenschön B, Geiger B, Grulke O, Langenberg A, Marchuk O, McCarthy KJ, Neuner U, Nicolai D, Pablant N, Schweer B, Thomsen H, Wegner T, Drews P, Hollfeld KP, Killer C, Krings T, Offermanns G, Satheeswaran G, Kunkel F. Plasma impurities observed by a pulse height analysis diagnostic during the divertor campaign of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10F111. [PMID: 30399723 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports on the optimization process of the soft X-ray pulse height analyzer installed on the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. It is a 3-channel system that records X-ray spectra in the range from 0.6 to 19.6 keV. X-ray spectra, with a temporal and spatial resolution of 100 ms and 2.5 cm (depending on selected slit sizes), respectively, are line integrated along a line-of-sight that crosses near to the plasma center. In the second W7-X operation phase with a carbon test divertor unit, light impurities, e.g., carbon and oxygen, were observed as well as mid- to high-Z elements, e.g., sulfur, chlorine, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel. In addition, X-ray lines from several tracer elements have been observed after the laser blow-off injection of different impurities, e.g., silicon, titanium, and iron, and during discharges with prefill or a gas puff of neon or argon. These measurements were achieved by optimizing light absorber-foil selection, which defines the detected energy range, and remotely controlled pinhole size, which defines photon flux. The identification of X-ray lines was confirmed by other spectroscopic diagnostics, e.g., by the High-Efficiency XUV Overview Spectrometer, HEXOS, and high-resolution X-ray imaging spectrometer, HR-XIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kubkowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Czarnecka
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Fornal
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Gruca
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Jabłoński
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Krawczyk
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Ryć
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Burhenn
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Geiger
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Langenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - O Marchuk
- Forschungszentrum, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - K J McCarthy
- Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - U Neuner
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Nicolai
- Forschungszentrum, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - N Pablant
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - B Schweer
- Forschungszentrum, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - H Thomsen
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Th Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Drews
- Forschungszentrum, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | | | - C Killer
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Th Krings
- Forschungszentrum, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | | | | | - F Kunkel
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Wegner T, Geiger B, Kunkel F, Burhenn R, Schröder T, Biedermann C, Buttenschön B, Cseh G, Drews P, Grulke O, Hollfeld K, Killer C, Kocsis G, Krings T, Langenberg A, Marchuk O, Neuner U, Nicolai D, Offermanns G, Pablant NA, Rahbarnia K, Satheeswaran G, Schilling J, Schweer B, Szepesi T, Thomsen H. Design, capabilities, and first results of the new laser blow-off system on Wendelstein 7-X. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:073505. [PMID: 30068134 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed overview and first results of the new laser blow-off system on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. The system allows impurity transport studies by the repetitive and controlled injection of different tracer ions into the plasma edge. A Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate a thin metal film, coated on a glass plate, with a repetition rate of up to 20 Hz. A remote-controlled adjustable optical system allows the variation of the laser spot diameter and enables the spot positioning to non-ablated areas on the target between laser pulses. During first experiments, clear spectral lines from higher ionization stages of the tracer ions have been observed in the X-ray to the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The temporal behavior of the measured emission allows the estimate of transport properties, e.g., impurity transport times in the order of 100 ms. Although the strong injection of impurities is well detectable, the global plasma parameters are barely changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Wegner
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Geiger
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Kunkel
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Burhenn
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Schröder
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Biedermann
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Cseh
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Drews
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - O Grulke
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Hollfeld
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - C Killer
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Kocsis
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Krings
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Langenberg
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - O Marchuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - U Neuner
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Nicolai
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - N A Pablant
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - K Rahbarnia
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - J Schilling
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Schweer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - T Szepesi
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Thomsen
- Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Satheeswaran G, Hollfeld K, Drews P, Nicolai D, Neubauer O, Schweer B, Grulke O. A PCS7-based control and safety system for operation of the W7-X Multi-Purpose Manipulator facility. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Nicolai D, Borsuk V, Drews P, Grulke O, Hollfeld K, Krings T, Liang Y, Linsmeier C, Neubauer O, Satheeswaran G, Schweer B, Offermanns G. A multi-purpose manipulator system for W7-X as user facility for plasma edge investigation. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Paulson J, Holen D, Nicolai D, Heins BJ. 1415 Evaluation of five cool season grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Nicolai D, Chaumet P, Neubauer O, Uhlemann R. New options for material testing at the material ion beam test facility MARION. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Zeng L, Koslowski HR, Liang Y, Lvovskiy A, Lehnen M, Nicolai D, Pearson J, Rack M, Jaegers H, Finken KH, Wongrach K, Xu Y. Experimental observation of a magnetic-turbulence threshold for runaway-electron generation in the TEXTOR tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:235003. [PMID: 25167504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.235003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic turbulence is observed at the beginning of the current quench in intended TEXTOR disruptions. Runaway electron (RE) suppression has been experimentally found at magnetic turbulence larger than a certain threshold. Below this threshold, the generated RE current is inversely proportional to the level of magnetic turbulence. The magnetic turbulence originates from the background plasma and the amplitude depends strongly on the toroidal magnetic field and plasma electron density. These results explain the previously found toroidal field threshold for RE generation and have to be considered in predictions for RE generation in ITER.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zeng
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031 Hefei, China
| | - H R Koslowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Y Liang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Lvovskiy
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Lehnen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany and ITER Organization, Route de Vinon sur Verdon, 13115 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - D Nicolai
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J Pearson
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Rack
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - H Jaegers
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - K H Finken
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Wongrach
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Y Xu
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas-Laboratorium voor Plasmafysica, Association 'Euratom-Belgian state', Ecole Royale Militaire-Koninklijke Militaire School, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Mertens P, Altmann H, Chaumet P, Joffrin E, Knaup M, Matthews G, Neubauer O, Nicolai D, Riccardo V, Tanchuk V, Thompson V, Uhlemann R, Samm U. A bulk tungsten tile for JET: Heat flux tests in the MARION facility on the power-handling performance and validation of the thermal model. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Nicolai D, Charl A, Czymek G, Knaup M, Mertens P, Neubauer O, Panin A, Reimer H, Schweer B, Uhlemann R. Upgrade of the material ion beam test facility MARION for enhanced requirements of JET and ITER. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Keitel W, Nicolai D, Spieler W. Periphere und einschmelzende pulmonale Rheumaknoten bei rheumatoider Arthritis unter Methotrexat-Therapie. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1007940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Stolze T, Quednow C, Nicolai D, Liebetrau G. [Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung]. Pneumologie 1995; 49:322-4. [PMID: 7610106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung is one of the rarely diagnosed soft tissue sarcomas. With the presented case-history we want to remind of this kind of lung-tumour in particular of the possibility of pre-operative diagnostic and the radiological differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stolze
- Fachkrankenhaus für Lungen- und Bronchialheilkunde Lostau/Sachsen-Anhalt
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Nicolai D. Environmentalists Reach Out to Labor: The New Orleans SOC Conference. New Solut 1993; 4:29-30. [PMID: 22914067 DOI: 10.2190/ns4.1.d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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22
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Wiebe T, Schirpke C, Nicolai D, Preisler J, Wetzer K. [A rare intrapulmonary tumor--malignant schwannoma]. Prax Klin Pneumol 1988; 42:63-5. [PMID: 3368430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Meire E, Hoogmartens M, De Roo M, Mortelmans L, Nicolai D. The peroperative use of the mobile gamma camera for the localization of spinal osteoid osteoma. Acta Orthop Belg 1983; 49:384-90. [PMID: 6224390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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