Evaluation of antimicrobial property of thymoquinone synthesized with black cumin hydroxyapatite crystals against dental pathogens - An Invitro study

Introduction: Nigella sativa, also known as black seed, black cumin, and/or Habbatul Barakah, is a medicinal herbal plant. Thymoquinone (TQ), one of Nigella sativa's active ingredients, has been shown to be anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an inorganic mineral with the apatite lattice structure (A10(BO4)6C2). The aim of the current study is to incorporate thymoquinone with blackcumin hydroxyapatite crystals to form a new nanoformulation and to find out its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties against dental pathogens. Materials and method: Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans were the species used. The antimicrobial efficacy of the nanoparticles was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method at different concentrations ranging from 25 micron litres to 100 micron litres. UV double beam spectrophotometers in the wavelength range of 250-750nm were used to characterise the synthesised nanoparticles. Results: The zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus mutans and Candida albicans was found to be highest at 100 L concentration. As the concentrations of new nano formulation solution increased, the mean zone of inhibition grew. Conclusion: The study showed that there is potential antimicrobial property of the new nano formulation against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus also there is antifungal activity against Candida albicans

Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma: A clinicopathological study of 22 cases

INTRODUCTION

Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is a rare mesenchymal tumour with characteristic translocation SS18-SSX1/2/rarely 4 fusion transcripts, and presents most often in adolescents and young adults. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, synovial sarcoma is a malignant tumour of uncertain differentiation.

AIMS

To present a case series of PPSS with clinical, pathological and molecular analysis at a rare primary site.

SETTING AND DESIGN

Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twenty-two cases of PPSSs were retrieved from electronic database between January 2009 to December 2018. Metastatic tumours from soft tissue primaries were excluded. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney non-parametric test.

RESULTS

Among 22 patients, the male-female ratio was 3.4:1 and the median age was 31.5 years. The tumours were classified as monophasic (90.9%) and biphasic (9.1%) subtypes and graded as grade 2(77.3%) and grade 3(22.7%). IHC demonstrated expression of TLE1 (17/17 cases), Bcl-2 (7/8 cases), focal EMA (16/17 cases), CD99 (10/11 cases), focal pancytokeratin (8/12 cases) and CD56 (14/14 cases). The fusion transcripts included SYT-SSX1(4/11, 36.4%) and SYT-SSX2 (2/11, 18.2%). The remaining five cases were negative for SS18 rearrangement by RT-PCR. Only 8 patients had localised tumour. Surgical excision was performed in 5 patients. The median follow-up period was 6 months and 21 days.

CONCLUSIONS

Monophasic SS was the most common subtype. Small core biopsies pose a diagnostic challenge, in such a scenario, a combination of clinical, histomorphological, immunomarkers and genetic studies help confirm the diagnosis of PPSS.