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Haferkamp J, Montealegre-Mora F, Heinrich M, Eisert J, Gross D, Roth I. Efficient Unitary Designs with a System-Size Independent Number of Non-Clifford Gates. Commun Math Phys 2022; 397:995-1041. [PMID: 36743125 PMCID: PMC9886645 DOI: 10.1007/s00220-022-04507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many quantum information protocols require the implementation of random unitaries. Because it takes exponential resources to produce Haar-random unitaries drawn from the full n-qubit group, one often resorts to t-designs. Unitary t-designs mimic the Haar-measure up to t-th moments. It is known that Clifford operations can implement at most 3-designs. In this work, we quantify the non-Clifford resources required to break this barrier. We find that it suffices to inject O ( t 4 log 2 ( t ) log ( 1 / ε ) ) many non-Clifford gates into a polynomial-depth random Clifford circuit to obtain an ε -approximate t-design. Strikingly, the number of non-Clifford gates required is independent of the system size - asymptotically, the density of non-Clifford gates is allowed to tend to zero. We also derive novel bounds on the convergence time of random Clifford circuits to the t-th moment of the uniform distribution on the Clifford group. Our proofs exploit a recently developed variant of Schur-Weyl duality for the Clifford group, as well as bounds on restricted spectral gaps of averaging operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Haferkamp
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. Heinrich
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Quantum Technology Research Group, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J. Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Gross
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I. Roth
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Quantum Research Centre, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Wilhelmy S, Bekel AI, Gross D, Schmidt M. Forced to join the Waffen-SS? Chief pharmacist Victor Capesius (1907-1985) and his role in Auschwitz concentration camp. Pharmazie 2021; 76:455-460. [PMID: 34481538 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2021.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Victor Capesius (1907-1985) attained sad fame as chief pharmacist in the Auschwitz concentration camp. After the war he outlined himself as a victim of his time and claimed to have been forced into the Waffen-SS as a so-called Romanian "Volksdeutscher" (ethnic German). But does this claim stand up to critical scrutiny? What was his actual role in Auschwitz, how did his life develop in the postwar period, how did he himself evaluate his actions in the Third Reich, and to what extent do self-image and historical facts coincide? These are precisely the questions that this article explores. The study is based on primary sources from various archives. These are supplemented and compared with the existing literature on Capesius, the role of pharmacists in the Third Reich, and the Auschwitz concentration camp.<br/> The analysis shows that Capesius was not only complicit in the criminal acts in the concentration camp, but directly involved in the systematic killing of thousands of Jewish people - among other things, by dispensing Zyklon B and phenol and by the lethal selection of people at the ramp. The alleged compulsion to join the Waffen-SS, on the other hand, cannot be substantiated. After 1945, Capesius was imprisoned twice by the Allies, but only charged in the first Auschwitz trial in the 1960s. Despite a guilty verdict, he was released from prison as early as 1968. At the end of his life, Capesius could look back on a successful career as a pharmacist and businessman in Germany. At no time did he come to a self-critical evaluation of his role in the Third Reich.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wilhelmy
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany;,
| | - A I Bekel
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany
| | - D Gross
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany
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Wei J, Gross D, Lane NE, Lu N, Wang M, Zeng C, Yang T, Lei G, Choi HK, Zhang Y. Risk factor heterogeneity for medial and lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis: analysis of two prospective cohorts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:603-610. [PMID: 30597274 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the etiologic heterogeneity between medial and lateral tibiofemoral radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA). METHODS Knees without medial or lateral tibiofemoral ROA at baseline were followed for 60-month in Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) and for 48-month in Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). We examined the relation of previously reported risk factors to incident medial and lateral tibiofemoral ROA separately and determined the etiology heterogeneity with a ratio of rate ratios (RRs) (i.e., the RR for medial tibiofemoral ROA divided by the RR for lateral tibiofemoral ROA) using a duplication method for Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS Of 2,016 participants in MOST, 436 and 162 knees developed medial or lateral tibiofemoral ROA, respectively. Obesity and varus malalignment were 95% and 466% more strongly associated with incident medial tibiofemoral ROA than with lateral tibiofemoral ROA, respectively (ratios of RRs, 1.95 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.05-3.62] and 5.66 [95% CI:3.20-10.0]). In contrast, the associations of female sex and valgus malalignment with incident medial tibiofemoral ROA were weaker or in an opposite direction compared with lateral tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis (OA) (ratios of RRs, 0.40 [95% CI:0.26-0.63] and 0.20 [95% CI:0.12-0.34], respectively). Older age tended to show a weaker association with incident medial tibiofemoral ROA than with incident lateral tibiofemoral ROA. No heterogeneity was observed for the relation of race, knee injury, or contralateral knee ROA. These findings were closely replicated in OAI. CONCLUSION Risk factor profiles for medial and lateral tibiofemoral ROA are different. These results can provide a framework for the development of targeted prevention and potential treatment strategies for specific knee OA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - D Gross
- Department of Physical Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - T Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - G Lei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H K Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Schmidt M, Gross D, Westemeier J. Karl Blumenreuter (1881-1969): Himmler's chief pharmacist and medical supply quartermaster of the SS. Pharmazie 2018; 73:244-247. [PMID: 29609694 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2018.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The present article elucidates the role and function of SS Gruppenführer Karl Blumenreuter (1881-1969), the leading pharmacist of the SS. The aim is to clarify how he participated in the crimes of the Nazi Party and especially the SS during the "Third Reich" and the extent to which he was brought to justice after 1945. Central elements of the study are based on researched archival primary sources. The latter were compared with each other and supplemented with the currently available secondary literature on the subject. It can be established that Blumenreuter was a zealous National Socialist with marked career ambitions who advanced within the SS to the rank of SS Gruppenführer and Lieutenant General of the Waffen SS (Generalleutnant der Waffen SS). He supplied pre-measured phenol ampoules for the murder of prisoners in the concentration camps. Blumenreuter furthermore organised equipment and material supplies for various experiments on humans. After 1945 he succeeded in playing down his participation in the crimes in the time of National Socialism. Blumenreuter died in 1969 without having being brought to justice by the judiciary and without having reflected self-critically on his role in the "Third Reich".
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Roth I, Kueng R, Kimmel S, Liu YK, Gross D, Eisert J, Kliesch M. Recovering Quantum Gates from Few Average Gate Fidelities. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:170502. [PMID: 30411921 PMCID: PMC6768554 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing quantum processes is a key task in the development of quantum technologies, especially at the noisy intermediate scale of today's devices. One method for characterizing processes is randomized benchmarking, which is robust against state preparation and measurement errors and can be used to benchmark Clifford gates. Compressed sensing techniques achieve full tomography of quantum channels essentially at optimal resource efficiency. In this Letter, we show that the favorable features of both approaches can be combined. For characterizing multiqubit unitary gates, we provide a rigorously guaranteed and practical reconstruction method that works with an essentially optimal number of average gate fidelities measured with respect to random Clifford unitaries. Moreover, for general unital quantum channels, we provide an explicit expansion into a unitary 2-design, allowing for a practical and guaranteed reconstruction also in that case. As a side result, we obtain a new statistical interpretation of the unitarity-a figure of merit characterizing the coherence of a process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Roth
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Kueng
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - S. Kimmel
- Department of Computer Science, Middlebury College, USA
| | - Y.-K. Liu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS), University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - D. Gross
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Kliesch
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, National Quantum Information Centre, University of Gdańsk, Poland
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Riofrío CA, Gross D, Flammia ST, Monz T, Nigg D, Blatt R, Eisert J. Experimental quantum compressed sensing for a seven-qubit system. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15305. [PMID: 28513587 PMCID: PMC5442320 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-controlled quantum devices with their increasing system size face a new roadblock hindering further development of quantum technologies. The effort of quantum tomography—the reconstruction of states and processes of a quantum device—scales unfavourably: state-of-the-art systems can no longer be characterized. Quantum compressed sensing mitigates this problem by reconstructing states from incomplete data. Here we present an experimental implementation of compressed tomography of a seven-qubit system—a topological colour code prepared in a trapped ion architecture. We are in the highly incomplete—127 Pauli basis measurement settings—and highly noisy—100 repetitions each—regime. Originally, compressed sensing was advocated for states with few non-zero eigenvalues. We argue that low-rank estimates are appropriate in general since statistical noise enables reliable reconstruction of only the leading eigenvectors. The remaining eigenvectors behave consistently with a random-matrix model that carries no information about the true state. Quantum compressed sensing can provide a scalable way to characterize quantum states and devices, but has been so far limited to states with quickly decaying eigenvalues. Here the authors show that it can be appropriate even in the general case, demonstrating reconstruction the state of a seven-qubit system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Riofrío
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gross
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.,Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S T Flammia
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Monz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Nigg
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Wang Z, Wu X, Lau J, Mo P, Mak W, Wang X, Yang X, Gross D, Jiang H. Prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse with regular and nonregular male sexual partners among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China. HIV Med 2017; 18:635-646. [PMID: 28230311 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prevalence of, and multi-dimensional factors associated with, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with regular male sexual partners ('regular partners') and nonregular male sexual partners ('nonregular partners') among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chengdu, China. METHODS A total of 225 newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM were interviewed using a combined interviewer-computer-assisted method in Chengdu, China. RESULTS The prevalence of UAI with regular and nonregular partners since diagnosis was 27.7% and 33.8% among participants reporting having sex with regular and nonregular partners (n = 159 and 133), respectively. Adjusted analysis showed that: (1) cognitive variables based on the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility to HIV transmission and perceived severity of the consequences of HIV transmission, perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy related to consistent condom use), (2) emotion-related variables (worry about transmitting HIV to others), (3) psychological factors (post-traumatic growth) and (4) socio-structural factors (perceived partners' responsibility for condom use) were significantly associated with UAI with regular and/or nonregular partners. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are warranted, and should be designed with consideration of multi-dimensional factors and be partner type-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Wu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jtf Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pkh Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wws Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X Wang
- Chengdu Tongle Health Counselling Service Center, Chengdu, China
| | - X Yang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - D Gross
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Daskevich C, Tomlinson V, Gross D, Nguyen D, Gibson A, Napier-Earle T, Mizwa M. Corporate social responsibility - The power of philanthropy in the
developing world for an academic medical center. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Niederle B, Pape UF, Costa F, Gross D, Kelestimur F, Knigge U, Öberg K, Pavel M, Perren A, Toumpanakis C, O'Connor J, O'Toole D, Krenning E, Reed N, Kianmanesh R. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Jejunum and Ileum. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:125-38. [PMID: 26758972 DOI: 10.1159/000443170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Niederle
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Pape UF, Niederle B, Costa F, Gross D, Kelestimur F, Kianmanesh R, Knigge U, Öberg K, Pavel M, Perren A, Toumpanakis C, O'Connor J, Krenning E, Reed N, O'Toole D. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Appendix (Excluding Goblet Cell Carcinomas). Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:144-52. [PMID: 26730583 DOI: 10.1159/000443165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U-F Pape
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charitx00E9; Universitx00E4;tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Pavel M, O'Toole D, Costa F, Capdevila J, Gross D, Kianmanesh R, Krenning E, Knigge U, Salazar R, Pape UF, Öberg K. ENETS Consensus Guidelines Update for the Management of Distant Metastatic Disease of Intestinal, Pancreatic, Bronchial Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN) and NEN of Unknown Primary Site. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:172-85. [PMID: 26731013 DOI: 10.1159/000443167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pavel
- Charite Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Inagaki F, Hinrichs KU, Kubo Y, Bowles MW, Heuer VB, Hong WL, Hoshino T, Ijiri A, Imachi H, Ito M, Kaneko M, Lever MA, Lin YS, Methé BA, Morita S, Morono Y, Tanikawa W, Bihan M, Bowden SA, Elvert M, Glombitza C, Gross D, Harrington GJ, Hori T, Li K, Limmer D, Liu CH, Murayama M, Ohkouchi N, Ono S, Park YS, Phillips SC, Prieto-Mollar X, Purkey M, Riedinger N, Sanada Y, Sauvage J, Snyder G, Susilawati R, Takano Y, Tasumi E, Terada T, Tomaru H, Trembath-Reichert E, Wang DT, Yamada Y. DEEP BIOSPHERE. Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. Science 2015. [PMID: 26206933 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ~40° to 60°C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ~1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from <10 to ~10(4) cells cm(-3). Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Inagaki
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - K-U Hinrichs
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Y Kubo
- Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan. Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - M W Bowles
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - V B Heuer
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - W-L Hong
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - T Hoshino
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - A Ijiri
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - H Imachi
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M Kaneko
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M A Lever
- Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Y-S Lin
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - B A Methé
- Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - S Morita
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | - Y Morono
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - W Tanikawa
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - M Bihan
- Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - S A Bowden
- Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK
| | - M Elvert
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - C Glombitza
- Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D Gross
- Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversität, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - G J Harrington
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - K Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - D Limmer
- Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, UK
| | - C-H Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - M Murayama
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - N Ohkouchi
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - S Ono
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Y-S Park
- Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - S C Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - X Prieto-Mollar
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Purkey
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - N Riedinger
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Y Sanada
- Center for Deep-Earth Exploration, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0061, Japan. Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - J Sauvage
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - G Snyder
- Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - R Susilawati
- School of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Y Takano
- Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan. Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - E Tasumi
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - T Terada
- Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - H Tomaru
- Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - E Trembath-Reichert
- Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D T Wang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Y Yamada
- Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan. Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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14
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Schmitz K, Lenssen R, Rosentreter M, Gross D, Eisert A. Wide cleft between theory and practice: medical students' perception of their education in patient and medication safety. Pharmazie 2015; 70:351-354. [PMID: 26062307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In medicine today, future doctors are expected to ensure patient safety. Yet medical students often feel uncertain if they can meet these high expectations. This study aims to quantify the perceptions of medical students regarding the actual quality of their education in the fields of patient safety and, in particular, medication safety. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to about 100 upper-level medical students. The students had to respond to 12 questions regarding the following categories: 1) familiarity with patient safety and/or medication safety; 2) personal experience in high-risk clinical situations; and 3) perceived relevance of knowledge in the area of patient and medication Safety for clinical practice. Of the respondents 42.1% and 36.8% had delved into the topic patient safety and medication safety, respectively. In clinical practice 88.2% of respondents had experienced a high-risk situation for patients. Regarding patient safety and medication safety, respectively, 82.9% and 85.3% of the respondents found these topics to be particularly relevant to their clinical practice. This study has shown that there is a measurable discrepancy between the students' perceived quality of their medical education and their feelings that they are well prepared to cope with severe clinical challenges.
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15
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Chaves R, Kueng R, Brask JB, Gross D. Unifying framework for relaxations of the causal assumptions in Bell's theorem. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:140403. [PMID: 25910096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.140403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bell's theorem shows that quantum mechanical correlations can violate the constraints that the causal structure of certain experiments impose on any classical explanation. It is thus natural to ask to which degree the causal assumptions-e.g., locality or measurement independence-have to be relaxed in order to allow for a classical description of such experiments. Here we develop a conceptual and computational framework for treating this problem. We employ the language of Bayesian networks to systematically construct alternative causal structures and bound the degree of relaxation using quantitative measures that originate from the mathematical theory of causality. The main technical insight is that the resulting problems can often be expressed as computationally tractable linear programs. We demonstrate the versatility of the framework by applying it to a variety of scenarios, ranging from relaxations of the measurement independence, locality, and bilocality assumptions, to a novel causal interpretation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaves
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Rheinstrasse 10, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Kueng
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Rheinstrasse 10, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J B Brask
- Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - D Gross
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Rheinstrasse 10, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, Eckerstrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Tensor network states constitute an important variational set of quantum states for numerical studies of strongly correlated systems in condensed-matter physics, as well as in mathematical physics. This is specifically true for finitely correlated states or matrix-product operators, designed to capture mixed states of one-dimensional quantum systems. It is a well-known open problem to find an efficient algorithm that decides whether a given matrix-product operator actually represents a physical state that in particular has no negative eigenvalues. We address and answer this question by showing that the problem is provably undecidable in the thermodynamic limit and that the bounded version of the problem is NP-hard (nondeterministic-polynomial-time hard) in the system size. Furthermore, we discuss numerous connections between tensor network methods and (seemingly) different concepts treated before in the literature, such as hidden Markov models and tensor trains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kliesch
- QMIO Group, Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Gross
- Physikalisches Institut and Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Eisert
- QMIO Group, Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Pereyaslov D, Rosin P, Palm D, Zeller H, Gross D, Brown CS, Struelens MJ. Laboratory capability and surveillance testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the WHO European Region, June 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:20923. [PMID: 25323078 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.40.20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since September 2012, over 90 cases of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, now named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV), have been reported in the Middle East and Europe. To ascertain the capabilities and testing experience of national reference laboratories across the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region to detect this virus, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe conducted a joint survey in November 2012 and a follow-up survey in June 2013. In 2013, 29 of 52 responding WHO European Region countries and 24 of 31 countries of the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) had laboratory capabilities to detect and confirm MERS-CoV cases, compared with 22 of 46 and 18 of 30 countries, respectively, in 2012. By June 2013, more than 2,300 patients had been tested in 23 countries in the WHO European Region with nine laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases. These data indicate that the Region has developed significant capability to detect this emerging virus in accordance with WHO and ECDC guidance. However, not all countries had developed capabilities, and the needs to do so should be addressed. This includes enhancing collaborations between countries to ensure diagnostic capabilities for surveillance of MERS-CoV infections across the European Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pereyaslov
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Abstract
Es werden die Darstellung und die Eigenschaften von β-Alkoxypropionsäure-Cholesterinestern beschrieben und mit denen der entsprechenden Fettsäuren verglichen. Die Schmelzpunkte nehmen mit einer steigenden Zahl von Ätherfunktionen ab. Alle untersuchten Verbindungen durchlaufen die cholesterinische Phase nur beim Abkühlen. Smektische Phasen wurden nicht beobachtet.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Berlin-Dahlem, Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung
| | - B. Böttcher
- Berlin-Dahlem, Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung
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Abstract
14C-markierte C3-Verbindungen. wie Glycerin, Glycerinaldehyd, Glycerinsäure und Pyruvat werden vorwiegend in den Pyridinring der von Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stamm BCG gebildeten Nicotinsäure eingebaut. Entsprechende Abbauversuche ergeben, daß Glycerin bevorzugt in die C-Atome 4, 5 und 6 der Nicotinsäure inkorporiert wird. Danach erfolgt in diesem Organismus die Biosynthese der Nicotinsäure aus Asparaginsäure und einem C3-Körper wie Glycerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - A. Feige
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - R. Stecher
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - A. Zureck
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
| | - H.-R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale), und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
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20
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Abstract
Aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Mycobacterium bovis Stamm BCG wird neben Nicotinsäure eine weitere Bromcyan-positive Substanz isoliert und als 3-Hydroxymethylpyridin identifiziert. Dieses Pyridin-Derivat läßt sich auch als Ausscheidungsprodukt anderer Mycobakterien-Arten nachweisen. 3-Hydroxymethylpyridin ist eng mit dem Stoffwechsel der Nicotinsäure verbunden. Angebotene Nicotinsäure wird von den BCG-Bakterien aufgenommen und zu 3-Hydroxymethylpyridin umgewandelt.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - A. Feige
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - A. Zureck
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - H.-R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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21
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Gross D, Banditt P, Zureck A, Schütte HR. Notizen: Chinolinsäure als Zwischenstufe in der Nicotinsäure-Biosynthese bei Mycobacterium bovis Stamm BCG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1968-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - P. Banditt
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - A. Zureck
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
| | - H. R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Halle (Saale) und Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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Abstract
Durch Biosynthese-Untersuchungen mit Trigonellin-[14CH3] an Keimlingen von Ricinus communis wird gezeigt, daß die N-Methylgruppe des Trigonellins abgespalten wird und über den C1-Pool gleichwertig in beide Methylgruppen des Ricinins gelangt. Somit ist ein intakter Trigonellineinbau auszuschließen.
In weiteren Versuchen wird Trigonellin-[14CT3] mit einem bekannten T/14C-Verhältnis an Ricinuskeimlinge verabreicht. Die spezifische T-Einbaurate beträgt nur etwa 30% der 14C-Inkorporation. Sowohl im Ricinin als auch in den beiden Methylgruppen ist das T/14C-Verhältnis auf ein Drittel gegenüber dem Wert des applizierten Trigonellins-[14CT3] reduziert. Dieser Tritiumverlust spricht für eine oxydative Demethylierung des Triginellins und gegen eine echte Transmethylierung.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gross
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Halle (Saale)
| | - D. Müller
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Halle (Saale)
| | - H. R. Schütte
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Halle (Saale)
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23
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Maier A, Ernst JP, Müller S, Gross D, Zepf FD, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Hagenah U. Self-perceived stigmatization in female patients with anorexia nervosa--results from an explorative retrospective pilot study of adolescents. Psychopathology 2014; 47:127-32. [PMID: 24008842 DOI: 10.1159/000350505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stigma of mental illness has been identified as an important barrier to treatment and recovery. Previous research reported the stigmatization of individuals with eating disorders by both health professionals and the general public. The aim of this pilot study was to empirically assess the previous stigmatization and discrimination experiences of young female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) using a retrospective explorative approach. METHODS An in-house questionnaire that was developed to survey experiences of stigmatization was mailed to 75 former adolescent patients with AN. The mean time of assessment after discharge was 5.6 ± 1.2 years. The patients were asked to respond anonymously. The response rate was approximately 48% (n = 36). RESULTS Feelings that society held negative stereotypes of individuals with AN, concrete experiences of stigmatization and discrimination, and rejection by peers were reported. A remarkable degree of self-stigmatization, as indexed by high rates of agreement to stigmatizing statements, was detected. Approximately one third of the participants reported delayed initiation of treatment due to fear of stigmatization and discrimination. CONCLUSION Stigmatization plays a decisive role in young patients with AN and impacts their motivation to seek professional help and engage in treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the stigmatization related to eating disorders and its burden for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maier
- Institute of History, Theory and Ethics in Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Recent contributions in the field of quantum state tomography have shown that, despite the exponential growth of Hilbert space with the number of subsystems, tomography of one-dimensional quantum systems may still be performed efficiently by tailored reconstruction schemes. Here, we discuss a scalable method to reconstruct mixed states that are well approximated by matrix product operators. The reconstruction scheme only requires local information about the state, giving rise to a reconstruction technique that is scalable in the system size. It is based on a constructive proof that generic matrix product operators are fully determined by their local reductions. We discuss applications of this scheme for simulated data and experimental data obtained in an ion trap experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baumgratz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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25
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Gross D, Dubois G, Pekel JF, Mayaux P, Holmgren M, Prins H, Rondinini C, Boitani L. Monitoring land cover changes in African protected areas in the 21st century. ECOL INFORM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Palm D, Pereyaslov D, Vaz J, Broberg E, Zeller H, Gross D, Brown CS, Struelens MJ. Laboratory capability for molecular detection and confirmation of novel coronavirus in Europe, November 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17. [PMID: 23231892 DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.49.20335-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A rapid survey by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe ascertained the availability of national reference laboratory testing for a recently detected novel coronavirus as of 28 November 2012. Screening by internal quality controlled upE-RT-PCR assay was available in 23/46 of responding countries in the WHO European Region, of which 19/30 in European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Confirmation of positive screened samples by either ORF1b - RT-PCR, or other target RT-PCR assays with sequence analysis or whole-genome sequence analysis was available in 22/46 responding countries of which 18/30 in EU/EEA countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Palm
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Abstract
Artefacts are common in today's cone beam CT (CBCT). They are induced by discrepancies between the mathematical modelling and the actual physical imaging process. Since artefacts may interfere with the diagnostic process performed on CBCT data sets, every user should be aware of their presence. This article aims to discuss the most prominent artefacts identified in the scientific literature and review the existing knowledge on these artefacts. We also briefly review the basic three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction concept applied by today's CBCT scanners, as all artefacts are more or less directly related to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schulze
- Department of Oral Surgery (and Oral Radiology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Chitnis P, Mamou J, Gross D. MO-D-220-05: Optoacoustic Thermometry for Noninvasively Monitoring Thermal- Ablation Therapy in Real-Time. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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29
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Baudin E, Wolin EM, Castellano DE, Kaltsas G, Lebrec J, Tsuchihashi Z, Klimovsky J, Saletan S, Yao JC, Gross D. Effect of everolimus plus octreotide LAR treatment on chromogranin A and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors: Phase III RADIANT-2 study results. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Bach S, Bombinski T, Daniels M, Gross D, Hogg T, Martin T, McMurray D, Naber E, Perez N, Schulman A, Tucker S, Andera‐Cato S, Arnold A, Blumberg A, Bord M, Feiertag A, Greaves M, Her A, Kennedy E, Orozco C, Rice C, Rodgers A, Sauer A, Schubert J, Tubbs C, Wray T, Vogt G, Shrestha L, Hillard C. Of Mice and MAGL (Monoacylglycerol Lipase). FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bach
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | - D. Gross
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - T. Hogg
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | - E. Naber
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - N. Perez
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Bord
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | - A. Her
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | - C. Rice
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | - A. Sauer
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | - C. Tubbs
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - T. Wray
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - G. Vogt
- Brown Deer High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
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Paterakis M, Mudd K, Holbrook T, Page G, Gross D, Wood R. Do Peanut Oral Food Challenges Produce More Stress? Self-reported Anxiety Measurement Of Food Allergic Children And Their Parents Prior To Oral Food Challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractA thermodynamically consistent phenomenological model for the material behavior of polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics is presented. The internal state of the material is described by two internal state variables. The first one is a second-order texture tensor, determining a simple orientation distribution function (ODF) for the axes of the crystal unit cells. The second is the vector of relative irreversible polarization. The irreversible strains are derived from the ODF by volume averaging. The polarization saturation states are calculated by summing up the possible contributions of all cells to the overall polarization. An invariant formulation of the piezoelectric law is applied. Analogous to the thermodynamical framework of rate-independent plasticity, driving forces and evolution laws for the internal state variables are established. Saturation and coupling of the switching behavior are governed by energy barrier functions introduced in the electric enthalpy function. Numerical examples illustrate the models capabilities.
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Tóth G, Wieczorek W, Gross D, Krischek R, Schwemmer C, Weinfurter H. Permutationally invariant quantum tomography. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:250403. [PMID: 21231565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.250403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a scalable method for the tomography of large multiqubit quantum registers. It acquires information about the permutationally invariant part of the density operator, which is a good approximation to the true state in many relevant cases. Our method gives the best measurement strategy to minimize the experimental effort as well as the uncertainties of the reconstructed density matrix. We apply our method to the experimental tomography of a photonic four-qubit symmetric Dicke state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tóth
- Department of Theoretical Physics, The University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Horschitzka S, Steininger A, Jukic-Puntigam M, Zinka B, Gross D, Müller G. Nurses competence in providing CPR. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
When locally exciting a quantum lattice model, the excitation will propagate through the lattice. This effect is responsible for a wealth of nonequilibrium phenomena, and has been exploited to transmit quantum information. It is a commonly expressed belief that for local Hamiltonians, any such propagation happens at a finite "speed of sound". Indeed, the Lieb-Robinson theorem states that in spin models, all effects caused by a perturbation are essentially limited to a causal cone. We show that for meaningful translationally invariant bosonic models with nearest-neighbor interactions (addressing the challenging aspect of an experimental realization) this belief is incorrect: We prove that one can encounter accelerating excitations under the natural dynamics that allow for reliable transmission of information faster than any finite speed of sound. It also implies that the simulation of dynamics of strongly correlated bosonic models may be much harder than that of spin chains even in the low-energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eisert
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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36
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Gross D, Flammia ST, Eisert J. Most quantum States are too entangled to be useful as computational resources. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:190501. [PMID: 19518930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.190501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is often argued that entanglement is at the root of the speedup for quantum compared to classical computation, and that one needs a sufficient amount of entanglement for this speedup to be manifest. In measurement-based quantum computing, the need for a highly entangled initial state is particularly obvious. Defying this intuition, we show that quantum states can be too entangled to be useful for the purpose of computation, in that high values of the geometric measure of entanglement preclude states from offering a universal quantum computational speedup. We prove that this phenomenon occurs for a dramatic majority of all states: the fraction of useful n-qubit pure states is less than exp(-n;{2}). This work highlights a new aspect of the role entanglement plays for quantum computational speedups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gross
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Trepels-Kottek S, May A, Schoberer M, Gross D, Orlikowsky T. Klinisches Ethik Komitee in der Kinder-Intensivmedizin und Neonatologie: Einbindung in Entscheidungsfindungen – Exemplarische Darstellung des Vorgehens anhand eines Fallbeispiels. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1222815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Datta A, Sinclair DB, Wheatley M, Jurasek L, Snyder T, Quigley D, Ahmed SN, Gross D. Selective amygdalohippocampectomy: surgical outcome in children versus adults. Can J Neurol Sci 2009; 36:187-191. [PMID: 19378712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of the study was to review our experience with selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) in children and adults with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS A retrospective case series was used in the setting of a tertiary care hospital which provides epilepsy care to both children and adults. All patients underwent a selective amygdalohippocampectomy procedure and had at least one year of follow-up. Adults and children were divided into two groups and the data was compared between children and adults. RESULTS Twenty three patients, 9 children and 14 adults were studied. Age of surgery varied from 6 to 58 years. Surgical outcome was variable between the two groups. Amongst the children, three patients (33%) were seizure-free (Engel Class I), two patients (22%) had rare seizures (Engel Class II), one patient (11%) had a worthwhile decrease in seizures (Engel class III) and three patients (32%) had refractory seizures that required re-operation with an anterior temporal lobectomy. This differed from the adults, who all had a good outcome. Ten patients (71%) were seizure-free (Engel Class I) and the remainder (29%) had rare seizures (Engel Class II). CONCLUSION Selective amygdalohippocampectomy can lead to excellent seizure surgical outcome in adults with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. However, preliminary results show less favorable results in children. The difference is probably related to the different pathology between the two groups. Anterior temporal lobe resection may prove to be a more successful operation than SAH in children with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Datta
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Vennat B, Gross D, Pouget MP, Pourrat A, Pourrat H. Comparison of the Physical Stability of Astringent Hydrogels Based on Cellulose Derivatives. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049509048123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kratzer A, Handschin S, Lehmann V, Gross D, Escher F, Conde-Petit B. Hydration Dynamics of Durum Wheat Endosperm as Studied by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Soaking Experiments. Cereal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-85-5-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kratzer
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Handschin
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V. Lehmann
- Bruker-Biospin GmbH, D-76287 Rheinstetten/Germany
| | - D. Gross
- Bruker-Biospin GmbH, D-76287 Rheinstetten/Germany
| | - F. Escher
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Conde-Petit
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Phone: +41 44 632 37 31. Fax: +41 44 632 11 23. E-mail:
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Gerber H, Gross D. Der Austausch von Goldverbindungen gegeneinander. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1047949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rau R, Georgiopoulos G, Neumann P, Gross D. Die Beeinflussung des Digoxinblutspiegels durch Antirheumatika. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1052319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rau R, Gross D, Werder E. Die Wirksamkeit von Flurbiprofen bei der Behandlung der Coxarthrose. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Smith DR, Leggat PA, Burr H, Kristensen TS, Rugulies R, Bultmann U, Borg V, Rivilis I, Cole DC, Scott L, O'Neill E, Turner S, McNamee R, Hussey L, Lines S, Roberts C, Taylor S, Parker R, Agius R, Moen BE, Torp S, Riise T, Kim HR, Park SY, Koopmans PC, Roelen CAM, Groothoff JW, Battie MC, Gross D. Psychosocial 2. Occup Environ Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.64.12.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
We establish a framework which allows one to construct novel schemes for measurement-based quantum computation. The technique develops tools from many-body physics-based on finitely correlated or projected entangled pair states-to go beyond the cluster-state based one-way computer. We identify resource states radically different from the cluster state, in that they exhibit nonvanishing correlations, can be prepared using nonmaximally entangling gates, or have very different local entanglement properties. In the computational models, randomness is compensated in a different manner. It is shown that there exist resource states which are locally arbitrarily close to a pure state. We comment on the possibility of tailoring computational models to specific physical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gross
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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Balzani D, Schröder J, Gross D. Simulation of discontinuous damage incorporating residual stresses in circumferentially overstretched atherosclerotic arteries. Acta Biomater 2006; 2:609-18. [PMID: 16945600 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When a balloon-angioplasty is performed, the arterial wall is overstretched and thereby damaged, which leads to a stiffness reduction in the arterial layers. An anisotropic damage model able to reflect the main damage mechanisms in overstretched arterial walls is used in combination with a polyconvex hyperelastic stored energy function. Furthermore, a method for the incorporation of residual stresses present in the wall of unloaded configurations is applied. The energy describes the anisotropic hyperelastic behavior of arteries under physiological conditions. Due to the assumption that the rupture of cross-bridges between collageneous micro-fibrils is responsible for the damage inside arterial walls, the damage function is applied to that part of the energy only which is associated to the fiber elasticity. For the incorporation of the residual stresses into the simulation, we apply a method which consists of two simulation steps. Finally, a numerical simulation of the overstretching of a simplified atherosclerotic artery is performed taking into account residual stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Balzani
- Institute of Mechanics (AG 4), Department of Mechanics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 1, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Soon after its introduction, laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) became the procedure of choice in the surgical management of most adrenal tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome and learning curve of the first 100 cases operated by the same surgical team. METHODS Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 100 consecutive LAs was performed. The parameters studied were indication for surgery, side and length of operation, intra- and postoperative complications, size of tumor, conversion to open surgery, final diagnosis, and length of stay. RESULTS Between 1996 and 2002, 100 LAs were performed in 90 patients. The procedures included 45 left, 35 right, and 10 bilateral resections for pheochromocytoma (29), Cushings syndrome (27), Conns syndrome (16), nonfunctioning adenoma (13), and others (5). Mean tumor size was 4.16 cm (range, 0.3-11). Overall major morbidity occurred in eight patients (9%); there was one mortality due to cerebrovascular accident in an elderly patient. Five cases (5%) were converted to open surgery. The mean length of stay for the whole group was 4.7 days (range, 2-25). In order to assess the learning curve, procedures were divided into three, equal consecutive groups (n = 33, 33, and 34). Intraoperative complications in the intermediate and late groups were significantly less compared to those in the early group (2/33, 2/34, and 7/33, respectively; (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mean operating time was significantly reduced between the early (169 min) and both intermediate (116 min) and late (127 min) groups (p < 0.005). The conversion rate was reduced between the three groups (3/33, 2/33, and 0/34), but this was not significant (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS As expected, the outcome of LA is associated with a steep learning curve. According to this study, it seems that performance of approximately 30 cases by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon is required to master the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goitein
- Department of surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, 91031 Jerusalem, Israel
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Gross D, Shenkman Z, Bleiberg B, Dayan M, Gittelson M, Efrat R. Ginseng improves pulmonary functions and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2002; 57:242-6. [PMID: 12814035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is a root that has been used to treat patients with various illnesses for the last 2000 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginseng extract (G115) on Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) in patients with moderately-severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Ninety-two adults were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 49, G115 100 mg bid for three months) and placebo-control (n = 43) groups. PFTs, MVV and MIP were studied before treatment and every two weeks for the 3-month-study period. Exercise test and VO2max measurements were performed before the beginning and after six weeks and three months. P lower than 0.05 was considered significant. Baseline demographics and pulmonary parameters were similar between the groups. In the experimental, but not in the control group, all parameters significantly increased above baseline and compared with the placebo group. Maximum increase, compared with baseline was FVC-32.5%, FEV1.0-27.0%, PEF-27.5%, FEF50-45.4%, FEF75-56.9%, MVV-40.4%, MIP-47.0% and VO2max-37.5%. No side effects were observed. G115 100 mg bid for three months, but not placebo, improved PFTs, MVV, MIP and VO2 max in patients with moderately-severe COPD with no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gross
- Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weitzmann Street, Tel Aviv 93715, Israel.
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Abstract
Hypocalcemia associated with labor and lactation is a rare condition reported previously in patients with hypovitaminosis D. We here describe a case of a young woman in whom symptomatic severe hypocalcemia appeared after her second delivery, early in lactation. At the end of lactation the condition worsened. We review all previously reported cases and suggest a possible physiologic explanation for the association between pregnancy, lactation and the appearance of symptomatic hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Durst
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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