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Hanker LC, El-Balat A, Drosos Z, Kommoss S, Karn T, Holtrich U, Gitas G, Graeser-Mayer M, Anglesio M, Huntsman D, Rody A, Gevensleben H, Hoellen F. Sphingosine-kinase-1 expression is associated with improved overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1421-1430. [PMID: 33660008 PMCID: PMC8021516 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sphingosine-kinase-1 (SPHK1) is a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism which is involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis, progression and mechanisms of drug resistance. It is overexpressed in a variety of cancer subtypes. We investigated SPHK1 expression as a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Methods Expression analysis of SPHK1 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 1005 ovarian cancer patients with different histological subtypes using immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity of positive tumor cells was assessed semi-quantitatively, and results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Results In our ovarian cancer collective, high levels of SPHK1 expression correlated significantly with complete surgical tumor resection (p = 0.002) and lower FIGO stage (p = 0.04). Progression-free and overall survival were further significantly longer in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and overexpression of SPHK1 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion Our data identify high levels of SPHK1 expression as a potential favorable prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-021-03558-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Hanker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - A El-Balat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Z Drosos
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - S Kommoss
- Department of Woman's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Karn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Holtrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Gitas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - M Graeser-Mayer
- Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Lower Rhine Breast Center, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - M Anglesio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BCCA Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Huntsman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BCCA Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Rody
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - H Gevensleben
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Hoellen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Cybulska P, Paula A, Tseng J, Bashashati A, Huntsman D, Abu-Rustum N, DeLair D, Shah S, Weigelt B. Molecular profiling of endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hanley GE, McAlpine JN, Cheifetz R, Schrader KA, McCullum M, Huntsman D. Selected medical interventions in women with a deleterious BRCA mutation: a population-based study in British Columbia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:e17-e23. [PMID: 30853805 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background We examined the uptake of risk-reducing interventions, including bilateral mastectomy, risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, oral contraceptive pills, tamoxifen, and raloxifene, for the entire population of women with a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Methods This retrospective population-based study used data available in British Columbia for all women who, between 1996 and 2014, were tested and found to have a BRCA mutation. Rates of risk-reducing interventions stratified according to the type of BRCA mutation and prior history of breast or gynecologic cancer (ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneal) are presented. Cancers diagnosed in women with a BRCA mutation after disclosure of their mutation status are also presented. Results The final study cohort consisted of 885 patients with a deleterious BRCA1 (n = 474) or BRCA2 (n = 411) mutation. Of the women with no prior breast cancer, 30.8% carrying a BRCA1 mutation and 28.3% carrying a BRCA2 mutation underwent bilateral mastectomy. Of women with no prior gynecologic cancer, 64.7% carrying a BRCA1 mutation and 62.2% carrying a BRCA2 mutation underwent risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Rates of chemoprevention with oral contraceptive pills and tamoxifen or raloxifene were low in all groups. In this cohort, 23 gynecologic and 70 breast cancers were diagnosed after disclosure of BRCA mutation status. Conclusions Our results suggest reasonable uptake of risk-reducing interventions in high-risk women. To minimize the occurrence of breast and ovarian cancer in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, more attention could be paid to ensuring that affected women receive proper counselling and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Hanley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J N McAlpine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - R Cheifetz
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.,BC Cancer, Hereditary Cancer Program, High-Risk Clinic, Vancouver, BC
| | - K A Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.,BC Cancer, Hereditary Cancer Program, Vancouver, BC
| | - M McCullum
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Huntsman
- Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Nappi L, Thi M, Eigl B, Lum A, Huntsman D, Martin C, Neil B, Khalaf D, Chi K, Gleave M, So A, Black P, Daneshmand S, Nichols C, Kollmannsberger C. Plasma miR-371a-3p for detection of non-teratomatous viable germ cell tumor in testicular cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy283.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kommoss F, Talhouk A, Kommoss F, Taran FA, Staebler A, Gilks B, Huntsman D, Krämer B, Brucker SY, McAlpine J, Kommoss S. L1CAM to further stratify endometrial carcinoma patients with nonspecific molecular risk profile. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Kommoss
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Allgemeine Pathologie und path. Anatomie, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - A Talhouk
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, Kanada
| | - F Kommoss
- Institut für Pathologie im Medizin Campus Bodensee Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Deutschland
| | - FA Taran
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - A Staebler
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Institut für Pathologie, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - B Gilks
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, Kanada
| | - D Huntsman
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, Kanada
| | - B Krämer
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - SY Brucker
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - J McAlpine
- University of British Columbia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vancouver, Kanada
| | - S Kommoss
- Department für Frauengesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
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Lim H, Renouf D, Sun S, Ho C, Gelmon K, Chia S, Pleasance E, Jones M, Shen Y, Eirew P, Rassekh S, Deyell R, Yip S, Huntsman D, Roscoe R, Fok A, Ma Y, Jones S. 231 Whole genome analysis in a population-based cancer system: Results from sequencing >100 metastatic cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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McAlpine J, Wang Y, Gilks B, Huntsman D, Shah S. The genomic landscapes of high grade serous ovarian cancers: Contrasting long term survivors and "platinum-resistant" disease. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Zaby K, Staebler A, Taran A, McConechy M, Rozenberg N, Huntsman D, Gilks B, Anglesio M, Brucker S, Fend F, Kommoss F, Wallwiener D, Kommoss S. Diagnostik adulter Granulosazelltumoren unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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9
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Laskin J, Moore R, Shen Y, Lim H, Gelmon K, Renouf D, Yip S, Huntsman D, Ng T, Mungall A, Fok A, Ho C, Chia S, Leelakumari S, Kasaian K, Eirew P, Ma Y, Aparicio S, Jones S, Marra M. Demonstration of Temporal Heterogeneity Identified By Genome Sequencing and the Potential Effect on Treatment Decisions for Advanced Cancer Patients. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu358.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Huntsman D. Emerging Molecular Targets in Gynaecological Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu300.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Dickson E, Li L, Leung S, Chow C, Isaksson Vogel R, Huntsman D, Gilks B, Subramanian S. FBxW7 duality in ovarian cancer: Novel insight into ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Li JJ, Healey S, Phillips K, Makunin I, Wayte N, Schrader I, Worthley D, Lindor N, Huntsman D, Goldgar D, Suthers G, Chenevix-Trench G. The challenges of finding the gene responsible for a rare, autosomal dominant gastric cancer susceptibility syndrome. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3327097 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Lim HJ, Aubin F, Zhou C, Kollmannsberger CK, Woods R, Carter B, Huntsman D, Gill S. Incidence and distribution of HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarinomas in British Columbia (BC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Ali AMG, Dawson SJ, Blows FM, Provenzano E, Ellis IO, Baglietto L, Huntsman D, Caldas C, Pharoah PD. Comparison of methods for handling missing data on immunohistochemical markers in survival analysis of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:693-9. [PMID: 21266980 PMCID: PMC3049587 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue micro-arrays (TMAs) are increasingly used to generate data of the molecular phenotype of tumours in clinical epidemiology studies, such as studies of disease prognosis. However, TMA data are particularly prone to missingness. A variety of methods to deal with missing data are available. However, the validity of the various approaches is dependent on the structure of the missing data and there are few empirical studies dealing with missing data from molecular pathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of four commonly used approaches to handling missing data from a large, multi-centre study of the molecular pathological determinants of prognosis in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We pooled data from over 11,000 cases of invasive breast cancer from five studies that collected information on seven prognostic indicators together with survival time data. We compared the results of a multi-variate Cox regression using four approaches to handling missing data - complete case analysis (CCA), mean substitution (MS) and multiple imputation without inclusion of the outcome (MI-) and multiple imputation with inclusion of the outcome (MI+). We also performed an analysis in which missing data were simulated under different assumptions and the results of the four methods were compared. RESULTS Over half the cases had missing data on at least one of the seven variables and 11 percent had missing data on 4 or more. The multi-variate hazard ratio estimates based on multiple imputation models were very similar to those derived after using MS, with similar standard errors. Hazard ratio estimates based on the CCA were only slightly different, but the estimates were less precise as the standard errors were large. However, in data simulated to be missing completely at random (MCAR) or missing at random (MAR), estimates for MI+ were least biased and most accurate, whereas estimates for CCA were most biased and least accurate. CONCLUSION In this study, empirical results from analyses using CCA, MS, MI- and MI+ were similar, although results from CCA were less precise. The results from simulations suggest that in general MI+ is likely to be the best. Given the ease of implementing MI in standard statistical software, the results of MI+ and CCA should be compared in any multi-variate analysis where missing data are a problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M G Ali
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
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Lim HJ, Aubin F, Kollmannsberger CK, Huntsman D, Carter B, Zhou C, Woods R, Gill S. Incidence and distribution of HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarinomas in British Columbia (BC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
91 Background: HER2-positive rates have been reported as 20% of GC and 34% in GEJ adenocarcinoma in a recent global phase III trial with trastuzumab and chemotherapy. This study examines the incidence and distribution HER2-positive GC and GEJ adenocarcinomas in the province of BC. Methods: Formalin fixed embedded tissue from patients (pts) with resected gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma from 2004-2007 were identified retrospectively through the BC Cancer Agency registry and prospectively for pts with a new diagnosis of advanced disease. Biopsies and resection samples were analyzed via previously validated methods IHC (Ventana 4B5 antibody), FISH (Eurovision probes) and SISH (Ventana probes). IHC scores of 3 were considered positive, 2 were cequivocal and 0 or 1 were negative. A 10% cut-off was used to determine positive samples. Equivocal staining was considered positive via FISH or SISH. A ratio of > 2.0 was considered amplified for FISH and SISH. P values were calculated using a logistic regression model with HER2 positive as the endpoint. Results: Of the 87 samples, 64 (74%) were gastric and 23 (26%) GEJ. Overall, HER2 was positive 20% (IHC), 18% (FISH) and 18% (SISH). 13% of cases tested IHC 3+ while 24% tested IHC 2+. In equivocal IHC 2+ cases, 7% were considered positive by FISH. Positivity rates were higher for GEJ (26%, 22% and 17%) vs. gastric (8%, 11% and 9%) via IHC (p = 0.02), but did not significantly differ by FISH (p = 0.19), or SISH (p = 0.30) respectively. The majority of positive cases were intestinal type vs. other (diffuse type or mixed) 25% vs. 0% IHC p = 0.0002, 25% vs. 3% FISH p = 0.001, 20% vs. 3% SISH p = 0.006. The positivity rates were similar with biopsy vs resection specimens (12% vs. 16% IHC p = 0.64, 12% vs. 21% FISH p = 0.30, 12% vs. 10%, SISH p = 0.88). Conclusions: The rates of HER2-positive disease in a Western population based study were similar to the ToGA study. HER 2 positivity was associated with cancers arising in the GEJ and of intestinal type. The frequency of positivity was similar for testing by biopsy versus resection specimens. This study is ongoing and updated results will be reported. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Lim
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F. Aubin
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. K. Kollmannsberger
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. Huntsman
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B. Carter
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. Zhou
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R. Woods
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. Gill
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Vancouver Cancer Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Dawson SJ, Makretsov N, Blows FM, Driver KE, Provenzano E, Le Quesne J, Baglietto L, Severi G, Giles GG, McLean CA, Callagy G, Green AR, Ellis I, Gelmon K, Turashvili G, Leung S, Aparicio S, Huntsman D, Caldas C, Pharoah P. Erratum: BCL2 in breast cancer: a favourable prognostic marker across molecular subtypes and independent of adjuvant therapy received. Br J Cancer 2010. [PMCID: PMC2965882 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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17
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Dawson SJ, Makretsov N, Blows FM, Driver KE, Provenzano E, Le Quesne J, Baglietto L, Severi G, Giles GG, McLean CA, Callagy G, Green AR, Ellis I, Gelmon K, Turashvili G, Leung S, Aparicio S, Huntsman D, Caldas C, Pharoah P. BCL2 in breast cancer: a favourable prognostic marker across molecular subtypes and independent of adjuvant therapy received. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:668-75. [PMID: 20664598 PMCID: PMC2938244 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is heterogeneous and the existing prognostic classifiers are limited in accuracy, leading to unnecessary treatment of numerous women. B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), an antiapoptotic protein, has been proposed as a prognostic marker, but this effect is considered to relate to oestrogen receptor (ER) status. This study aimed to test the clinical validity of BCL2 as an independent prognostic marker. METHODS Five studies of 11 212 women with early-stage breast cancer were analysed. Individual patient data included tumour size, grade, lymph node status, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and mortality. BCL2, ER, progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels were determined in all tumours. A Cox model incorporating the time-dependent effects of each variable was used to explore the prognostic significance of BCL2. RESULTS In univariate analysis, ER, PR and BCL2 positivity was associated with improved survival and HER2 positivity with inferior survival. For ER and PR this effect was time dependent, whereas for BCL2 and HER2 the effect persisted over time. In multivariate analysis, BCL2 positivity retained independent prognostic significance (hazard ratio (HR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-0.88, P<0.001). BCL2 was a powerful prognostic marker in ER- (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.54-0.74, P<0.001) and ER+ disease (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.48-0.65, P<0.001), and in HER2- (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.49-0.61, P<0.001) and HER2+ disease (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57-0.85, P<0.001), irrespective of the type of adjuvant therapy received. Addition of BCL2 to the Adjuvant! Online prognostic model, for a subset of cases with a 10-year follow-up, improved the survival prediction (P=0.0039). CONCLUSIONS BCL2 is an independent indicator of favourable prognosis for all types of early-stage breast cancer. This study establishes the rationale for introduction of BCL2 immunohistochemistry to improve prognostic stratification. Further work is now needed to ascertain the exact way to apply BCL2 testing for risk stratification and to standardise BCL2 immunohistochemistry for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Dawson
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9RN, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 ORE, UK
| | - N Makretsov
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9RN, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 ORE, UK
| | - F M Blows
- Strangeways Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9RN, UK
| | - K E Driver
- Strangeways Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9RN, UK
| | - E Provenzano
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 ORE, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - J Le Quesne
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9RN, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 ORE, UK
| | - L Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - C A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia
| | - G Callagy
- Department of Pathology, NUI, Galway, Ireland
| | - A R Green
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - I Ellis
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - K Gelmon
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre of the Department of Pathology and Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - G Turashvili
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre of the Department of Pathology and Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - S Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre of the Department of Pathology and Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - S Aparicio
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre of the Department of Pathology and Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - D Huntsman
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre of the Department of Pathology and Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3Z6
| | - C Caldas
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9RN, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 ORE, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - P Pharoah
- Strangeways Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 9RN, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Soulières D, Greer W, Magliocco AM, Huntsman D, Young S, Tsao MS, Kamel-Reid S. KRAS mutation testing in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with anti-EGFR therapies. Curr Oncol 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S31-40. [PMID: 20680106 PMCID: PMC2901795 DOI: 10.3747/co.v17is1.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) has improved steadily over the past several decades, due largely to the development of new combinations of standard chemotherapy, as well as to the introduction of new targeted therapies. Among the available targeted therapies are two monoclonal antibodies that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) - cetuximab and panitumumab - which have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of mCRC. These therapies are associated with a unique set of toxicities and costs, prompting the need for tools to select patients who are most likely to derive a benefit from them. Mutations in the KRAS oncogene have consistently been shown to predict non-response to cetuximab and panitumumab. The role of KRAS as a marker of efficacy of anti-EGFR therapies is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Soulières
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - W. Greer
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Anthony M. Magliocco
- Departments of Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary; Tom Baker Cancer Centre
| | | | | | - M.-S. Tsao
- University Health Network and The University of Toronto
| | - S. Kamel-Reid
- University Health Network and The University of Toronto
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19
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Gelmon KA, Hirte HW, Robidoux A, Tonkin KS, Tischkowitz M, Swenerton K, Huntsman D, Carmichael J, Macpherson E, Oza AM. Can we define tumors that will respond to PARP inhibitors? A phase II correlative study of olaparib in advanced serous ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Aldoss I, Petro W, Lynch JF, Huntsman D, Lynch HT. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer in the developing world: A Jordanian family. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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McAlpine J, Wiegand K, Miller M, Adamiak A, Koebel M, Vang R, Ronnett B, Swenerton K, Huntsman D, Gilks C, Miller D. HER2 Overexpression and amplification is present in a subset of ovarian mucinous carcinomas and can be targeted with trastuzumab therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Badve S, Mehta R, Jain R, Nielsen T, Leung S, Huntsman D, Nakshatri H. Validation of FOXA1 as a Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer in a Large Population-Based Tissue Microarray. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
FOXA (Forkhead box protein A) proteins play major roles in development and differentiation. However, recently, FOXA1 has been identified to play a role in controlling nearly 50% of estrogen receptor target genes and has been deemed as a 'pioneer factor'. It is believed to have a dual role in breast cancer: (1) growth promotion by coactivating ERα and (2) growth inhibition by regulating factors like p27Kip1 and E-cadherin. We studied the expression of FOXA1 in a population based tissue microarray of 4,046 invasive breast cancer cases with a median follow- up of 12.4 years using immunohistochemistry and studied its correlation with estrogen receptor and other clinicopathological variables. The percent positivity (P) and intensity (I) of nuclear FOXA1 expression were multiplied to generate a numerical score (S = P × I) that ranged from 0 to 30. Scores between 0 and 3 were defined as low FOXA1 expression and 4 to 30 were defined as high FOXA1 expression. Variable FOXA1 expression was noted in the 3581 interpretable tumors: none (10.6%), weak (3.5%), moderate (19.3%) and strong (55.1%). High level of FOXA1 expression (FOXA1 score greater than 3) was seen in nearly 86% of the tumors. FOXA1 expression correlated positively with ER (p< 0.0001), PR (p< 0.0001), E-cadherin (p<0.0001), age (p< 0.0001) and negatively with basal subtype (p< 0.0001), Ki67 (p<0.0001), tumor size (p< 0.0001) and tumor grade (p<0.0001). Univariate analyses showed small tumor size (T1 tumors), low grade (Grade I), node negative disease, absence of lymphovascular invasion, ER, PR, Her2, cyclin D1 and Ki67 as independent predictors of better overall survival. Patients with Luminal A subtype breast cancers had better overall survival than those with non-Luminal A subtype breast cancers. FOXA1 is found to be a significant predictor of breast cancer specific survival (p=0.012) and locoregional relapse free survival (p=0.0001). However, FOXA1 did not reach statistical significance for disease free survival (p=0.110) and distant relapse free survival (p=0.147). When stratified by molecular subtypes using IHC, FOXA1 did not show any trend for overall survival. In those treated with tamoxifen, low FOXA1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (p<0.0001). In a subset of ERα-positive breast cancer cases, FOXA1 was a significant predictor of breast cancer specific survival (p=0.012). To summarize, FOXA1 expression in ERα-positive breast cancer is of prognostic significance.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2130.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Badve
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, IN,
| | - R. Mehta
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, IN,
| | - R. Jain
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, IN,
| | | | - S. Leung
- 2British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
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23
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Hebbard PC, Macmillan A, Huntsman D, Kaurah P, Carneiro F, Wen X, Kwan A, Boone D, Bursey F, Green J, Fernandez B, Fontaine D, Wirtzfeld DA. Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC): the Newfoundland experience with 23 patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:1890-5. [PMID: 19408054 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) results from truncating mutations of the CDH1 (E-cadherin) gene. It is an autosomal dominant cancer susceptibility syndrome with a lifetime risk of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) of 60-80%, with a mean age of onset of 37 years. There exists no adequate screening test for DGC. Early intramucosal diffuse/signet-ring cell carcinomas have been found in prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) specimens following normal preoperative endoscopy. Total gastrectomy has been advocated on a prophylactic basis. The aim of this study was to report our experience with PTG in 23 patients from the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. This is the largest series worldwide. METHODS A retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing PTG for HDGC was performed. All patients were confirmed to have a truncating mutation of the CDH1 gene. RESULTS Twenty-three patients underwent PTG between February 2006 and November 2008. Major complications were found in 4/23 patients (17%), with no mortality. Two of 23 patients (9%) had positive mucosal biopsies on preoperative EGD. Twenty-two of 23 patients (96%) had evidence of diffuse/signet-ring carcinoma on final standardized pathological evaluation. Therefore, 21/23 (91%) were not picked up by preoperative EGD screening. CONCLUSIONS PTG can be performed in patients with HDGC with a low rate of serious complications. Methods of reconstruction incorporating a pouch reservoir and preservation of the postgastric branches of the vagus nerves need to be explored. More refined penetrance estimates, effective screening protocols, and long-term psychological and functional outcomes following PTG require organized multicenter collaborative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Hebbard
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University, St John's, NL, Canada
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24
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Chiu C, Masoudi H, Leung S, Voduc D, McKinney S, Nielsen T, Gilks B, Huntsman D, Wiseman S. 192. HER-3 Expression Shows Prognostic Utility for Breast Cancer Survival: A Study of 4046 Patients. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Deng G, Mishaeli M, Miller M, Zayed AA, Huntsman D, Gelmon K, Yerushalmi R, Manna E, Krag D, Habib I, Williamson J, Burke J. A new enrichment model for high sensitivity detection and downstream analyses of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-4162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #4162
The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer patients have the potential to improve prognostication and the monitoring of response to treatment. Most CTC enrichment technologies are based on binding to anti-EpCAM antibodies. The sensitivity of such assays is limited by tumors that express no or undetectable levels of EpCAM. Improvements in CTC detection coupled with the development of systems to interrogate CTCs for therapeutic target expression could lead to novel applications for patient monitoring, clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we describe a sensitive and reproducible enrichment method for CTCs. We defined cells as circulating tumor cells with three criteria: Positive for cytokeratin (CK+) and DAPI (nuclear) (DAPI+) and negative staining for CD45 (CD45-). We have previously reported that this system has a higher sensitivity for circulating tumor cell detection and provides a better platform for CTC downstream analyses compare to the methods currently available in the market. Herein, we describe the use of this platform for the evaluation of breast cancer biomarkers in CTCs. Blood samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer were used for CellSearch™ assay (Veridex , LLC ) and our CTC assay (A1000 CTC enrichment and detection kit, Genetix). We performed the CTC enrichment assay using the combination of anti-CK and anti-EpCAM antibodies. CTCs were identified with brightfield and fluorescence labeled anti-CK, anti-CD45 and DAPI (nuclear stain) images. The Ariol® system (Applied Imaging Corporation) was employed for automated cell image capture and analysis of CTCs on glass slides. CTCs enriched on the glass slides were used for CTC downstream analysis. Our CTC enrichment model is designed to have the capability to enrich all the three types of CTCs including CK+ & EpCAM+, CK+ & EpCAM-/low and CK-/low & EpCAM+ cells. Compared to the enrichment methods using anti-EpCAM or anti-cytokeratin antibody alone, a higher CTC detection rate and a larger dynamic CTC detected range were obtained with our new enrichment model. Interestingly there were clear CTC number differences with enrichment methods in the higher CTC count patient samples which indicate that the different enrichment methods may enrich different types of CTCs from patient blood samples.
 Results of DNA and RNA FISH analyses on enriched CTCs indicate that the CTCs on glass slides can be used for its downstream analyses directly or indirectly. Our method may have better performance on enrichment of heterogeneous CTCs and provide a better platform for CTCs profiling for biomarker evaluations and CTC downstream analyses.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4162.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deng
- 1 Genetix USA Inc, San Jose, CA
| | - M Mishaeli
- 2 BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Miller
- 2 BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - AA Zayed
- 2 BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D Huntsman
- 2 BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Gelmon
- 2 BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - E Manna
- 3 University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - D Krag
- 3 University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - I Habib
- 1 Genetix USA Inc, San Jose, CA
| | | | - J Burke
- 4 Genetix, New Milton, Hampshire, UK
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26
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Karam R, Carvalho J, Bruno I, Graziadio C, Senz J, Huntsman D, Carneiro F, Seruca R, Wilkinson MF, Oliveira C. The NMD mRNA surveillance pathway downregulates aberrant E-cadherin transcripts in gastric cancer cells and in CDH1 mutation carriers. Oncogene 2008; 27:4255-60. [PMID: 18427545 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the gene encoding the tumour suppressor E-cadherin (CDH1) are the underlying genetic defect responsible for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). A remarkably high percentage ( approximately 80%) of CDH1 mutations in HDGC patients and carriers generate premature termination codons (PTCs). Here, we examined whether CDH1 transcripts harbouring PTCs are downregulated by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), an RNA surveillance pathway that degrades PTC-bearing transcripts. Using an allele-specific expression (ASE) assay to differentiate between mutated and wild-type CDH1 alleles, we found that PTC-bearing CDH1 mRNAs are strongly downregulated in normal gastric tissue from several CDH1 mutation carriers. We show that NMD is responsible for this robust downregulation, as CDH1 transcripts harbouring PTCs in the KATO-III gastric tumour cell line were upregulated in response to protein synthesis inhibitors or depletion of the NMD factors UPF1 and eIF4AIII. Analysis of HDGC patients harbouring CDH1 alleles with PTCs at a wide variety of different positions indicates an association of their predicted ability to induce NMD and an earlier age of onset of gastric cancer. This suggests that NMD may be detrimental for HDGC patients and therefore NMD is a potentially useful therapeutic target for CDH1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karam
- Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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27
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Woo MMM, Salamanca CM, Miller M, Symowicz J, Leung PCK, Oliveira C, Ehlen TG, Gilks CB, Huntsman D, Auersperg N. Serous borderline ovarian tumors in long-term culture: phenotypic and genotypic distinction from invasive ovarian carcinomas. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2008; 18:1234-47. [PMID: 18217967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOTs) are differentiated, slow growing, noninvasive, and have a better prognosis than their invasive counterparts, but recurrence and progression to invasive carcinomas are common, and unlike high-grade serous carcinomas, they tend to be nonresponsive to chemotherapy. However, due to a lack of culture systems and animal models, information about the properties of SBOT and their changes with neoplastic progression is extremely limited. Our objective was to establish a cell culture model for SBOTs and to characterize their phenotype and genotype. We compared cultures derived from two SBOTs, one of which was a short-term culture containing a BRAF mutation but few other cytogenetic changes while the other culture developed into a spontaneously immortalized permanent cell line and had numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities but lacked RAS/BRAF mutations. Both cultures formed whorl-like epithelial colonies and resembled low-grade invasive carcinomas by their secretion of CA125 and oviduct-specific glycoprotein, production of matrix metalloproteinases, E-cadherin expression, and telomerase activity. Other characteristics associated with neoplastic transformation, including invasiveness, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity, were not observed. Importantly, cell motility was reduced in both lines, likely contributing to the lack of invasiveness. The results reveal a striking phenotypic similarity between the two cell lines, regardless of their cytogenetic diversity, which suggests that their characteristic phenotype is regulated to a large degree by epigenetic and environmental factors. In conclusion, we have established the first permanent SBOT cell line, which provides a new model to elucidate the undefined relationship of SBOTs to invasive ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M M Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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28
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Masciari S, Larsson N, Senz J, Boyd N, Kaurah P, Kandel MJ, Harris LN, Pinheiro HC, Troussard A, Miron P, Tung N, Oliveira C, Collins L, Schnitt S, Garber JE, Huntsman D. Germline E-cadherin mutations in familial lobular breast cancer. J Med Genet 2007; 44:726-31. [PMID: 17660459 PMCID: PMC2752184 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell surface glycoprotein E-cadherin (CDH1) is a key regulator of adhesive properties in epithelial cells. Germline mutations in CDH1 are well established as the defects underlying hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome, and an increased risk of lobular breast cancer (LBC) has been described in HDGC kindreds. However, germline CDH1 mutations have not been described in patients with LBC in non-HDGC families. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of germline CDH1 mutations in patients with LBC with early onset disease or family histories of breast cancer without DGC. METHODS Germline DNA was analysed in 23 women with invasive lobular or mixed ductal and lobular breast cancers who had at least one close relative with breast cancer or had themselves been diagnosed before the age of 45 years, had tested negative for a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, and reported no personal or family history of diffuse gastric cancer. The full coding sequence of CDH1 including splice junctions was amplified using PCR and screened for mutations using DHPLC and sequencing. RESULTS A novel germline CDH1 truncating mutation in the extracellular portion of the protein (517insA) was identified in one woman who had LBC at the age of 42 years and a first degree relative with invasive LBC. CONCLUSIONS Germline CDH1 mutations can be associated with invasive LBC in the absence of diffuse gastric cancer. The finding, if confirmed, may have implications for management of individuals at risk for this breast cancer subtype. Clarification of the cancer risks in the syndrome is essential.
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29
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Lynch HT, Caldas C, Wirtzfeld D, Vaccaro C, Rubinstein W, Weissman S, Kaurah P, Boyd N, Fitzgerald R, Huntsman D. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: Natural history, pathology, screening limitations, and prophylactic total gastrectomy in CDH1 mutation carriers. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4500 Background: Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a potentially fatal disease that occurs due to mutations in the E- cadherin (CDH1) gene, as discovered in 1998. Its penetrance ranges between 70–80%. Its morbidity and mortality can be altered favorably through genetic counseling, germline mutation testing, and highly-targeted management that includes prophylactic total gastrectomy. Lobular breast cancer has been identified as an integral lesion in HDGC. Methods: This international collaborative group on HDGC is comprised of 56 mutation-positive families, which is the world’s largest resource of such families. Cancer diagnoses were verified with pathology slides/tissue block review when possible, or reports. Genetic counseling covering the pros and cons of mutation testing, screening and its limitations, and the option of prophylactic total gastrectomy was provided. Results: Findings on 56 HDGC mutation-positive families show carrier testing to have been performed on 267 individuals, of which 123 were CDH1 mutation positive. Prophylactic gastrectomies were performed on 14 families involving 50 individuals. Occult cancer was diagnosed in 31 (31/39=79.5%; results are pending on the remaining 11), based upon pathology and verbal reports. Five individuals underwent prophylactic gastrectomy prior to genetic counseling, 3 of whom later tested negative for mutations. In one of these remarkable HDGC families, 11 first cousins who tested positive for the CDH1 mutation underwent prophylactic total gastrectomy. On a post-surgery questionnaire, they each stated that the decision for the prophylactic procedure was the “right one” for them. In each case, a parent had died of HDGC sequelae, adding to the cousins’ acceptance of DNA testing and surgery. They considered their post-operative nutritional programs to have been acceptable. Conclusion: HDGC and its life-threatening sequelae were significantly ameliorated in CDH1 mutation carriers through total prophylactic gastrectomy in patients at enormous lifetime risk for HDGC. Decision for mutation testing and surgery may be more acceptable through intensive education in concert with a compassionate management team. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Lynch
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. Caldas
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. Wirtzfeld
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. Vaccaro
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W. Rubinstein
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. Weissman
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P. Kaurah
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N. Boyd
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R. Fitzgerald
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. Huntsman
- Creighton University, Omaha, NE; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Memorial University, St. John’s, NF, Canada; Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL; British Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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Waterhouse DN, Gelmon KA, Klasa R, Chi K, Huntsman D, Ramsay E, Wasan E, Edwards L, Tucker C, Zastre J, Wang YZ, Zhang YZ, Yapp D, Dragowska W, Dunn S, Dedhar S, Bally MB. Development and assessment of conventional and targeted drug combinations for use in the treatment of aggressive breast cancers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2006; 6:455-89. [PMID: 17017873 DOI: 10.2174/156800906778194586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer treatment for over 40 years. However, the rationale for selecting drug combinations and the process used to demonstrate clinical effectiveness has primarily followed trial and error methodology. Typically, the selection and assessment of combined drug therapies has been based on the effectiveness of each agent as monotherapy in treating the neoplasm and avoiding overlapping toxicities, followed by clinical trials to establish dose scheduling, toxicity, and efficacy. Unfortunately, this scheme is inefficient in terms of the time required to complete and revise these clinical trials based on the outcome to optimize the drug combination. A more rational approach for the development of combination oncology products should consider (i) in vitro assays for assessing therapeutic effects of drug combinations (antagonistic, additive or synergistic interactions) when added simultaneously; (ii) methods for measuring these interactions in vivo; (iii) the importance of understanding pharmacokinetic and biodistribution parameters when using drug combinations; (iv) the need to assess pathways known to contribute to cancer cell survival as well as metastasis; and (iv) the need to assess the fate of different cell populations (cancer and stroma) contributing to the development of cancer. Therefore, the goal of this article is to provide a road map for the preclinical development of drug combination products that will have improved therapeutic activity and a high likelihood of providing beneficial therapeutic outcomes in patients with aggressive cancers with a specific focus on patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Waterhouse
- Investigational Drug Program, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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31
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Badve S, Turbin D, Morimiya A, Nielsen T, Perou C, Dunn S, Huntsman D, Nakshatri H. Prediction of long-term survival using expression of FOXA1, a determinant of estrogen response domains in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
539 Background: Recent studies have demonstrated cofactor dependency of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in defining specific pattern of estrogen (E2) response in breast cancer. FOXA1, also called HNF3α, a forkhead family transcription factor, has emerged as a major cofactor that is essential for optimum transcription of ∼50% of ERα:E2 responsive genes. FOXA1 is expressed in breast cancer cells and in cDNA microarray cluster analysis segregates with genes that characterize the luminal A subtype such as ERα, GATA3, and XBP-1. Detailed expression analysis of FOXA1 in human breast tumors has not been previously performed and it is not known whether it is an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. Methods: A tissue microarray comprising tumors from 438 patients with 20 years follow-up was analyzed for FOXA1 expression using goat-anti-human FOXA1 antibody by immunohistochemistry. Percentage (P) and intensity (I) of expression was analyzed to generate numerical score (S= P × I). FOXA1 expression was correlated with tumor grade, nodal status, disease free survival, and expression of ER, PR, GATA3, HER2, p27kip1, phospho-AKT, and luminal A subtype (defined as ER &/or PR+, bcl-2+ and Her-2-neg). Results: FOXA1 expression (score greater than 100) was seen in 187 of 438 breast cancers and correlated with greater likelihood of survival at 20 year (p=0.0114). A significant positive correlation was observed between FOXA1 expression and expression of ERα (p= 0.000001), GATA3 (p= 0.000001), PR (p= 0.00001), phospho-AKT (p= 0.00001). Similarly, a significant correlation was noted with luminal A subtype. An inverse correlation was noted with tumor grade and mdm-2 expression (p=0.00001). HER2 or p27kip1 expression and nodal status showed no correlation with FOXA1. Conclusions: FOXA1 is good prognostic marker predicting disease free survival in patients with breast cancer. Since its expression correlates well with breast cancer of luminal A subtype, it can also be used to identify these good prognosis tumors from the rest of the ER positive breast cancers in archival paraffin embedded breast tissues. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Badve
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - D. Turbin
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A. Morimiya
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - T. Nielsen
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - C. Perou
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - S. Dunn
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - D. Huntsman
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - H. Nakshatri
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Wiseman SM, Masoudi H, Niblock P, Turbin D, Rajput A, Hay J, Filipenko D, Melck A, Gilks B, Huntsman D. Derangement of p53 and MDM2 is involved in transformation of differentiated into anaplastic thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5556 Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer arises as a consequence of tumor progression, or transformation, from pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer. Mutation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene represents a common event in thyroid tumor progression. MDM2 encodes a protein that complexes with p53, downregulates its function, and leads to its degradation via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in p53 and MDM2 expression in the transformation of differentiated to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Of 94 cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer diagnosed and treated in British Columbia Canada over a 20 year period (1984–2004) 32 cases (34%) had adequate tissue available for evaluation and 12 of these cases had associated foci of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A tissue microarray was constructed from these 12 anaplastic thyroid tumors and their associated differentiated foci. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to evaluate expression of p53 and MDM2 by these tumors. Results: There was decreased expression of p53 and MDM2 by the anaplastic tumors when compared to the differentiated thyroid tumors from which they evolved. The expression of p53 and MDM2 was 17% and 8%, respectively, by the differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and 83% and 25%, respectively, by the anaplastic tumors. Evaluating the anaplastic cancers and the differentiated foci from which they evolved, p53 overexpression developed in 8 (67%) of tumors and MDM2 overexpression developed in 3 (25%) of tumors. All the anaplastic tumors that developed MDM2 overexpression also concurrently developed p53 overexpression. Conclusions: This report is the first to demonstrate derangement of p53, and its regulator, MDM2, is involved in the transformation of a subset of differentiated into anaplastic thyroid tumors. Isolated MDM2 overexpression does not appear to play an important role in anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Wiseman
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H. Masoudi
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P. Niblock
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. Turbin
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Rajput
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J. Hay
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. Filipenko
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Melck
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B. Gilks
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. Huntsman
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Robinson A, Ellard S, Speers C, Turbin D, Yorida E, Rajput A, Thomson T, Huntsman D, Gelmon K. Clinical and molecular predictors of sustained response to trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Robinson
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - S. Ellard
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - C. Speers
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - D. Turbin
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - E. Yorida
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - A. Rajput
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - T. Thomson
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - D. Huntsman
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
| | - K. Gelmon
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ of British Columbia, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, BC, Canada
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34
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Chia S, Ragaz J, Makretsov N, Cheang M, Hayes M, Gilks B, Harris A, Spinelli J, Gelmon K, Olivotto I, Huntsman D. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) as a predictive marker for benefit from post-mastectomy adjuvant locoregional radiation (RT): Results from the British Columbia (BC) Randomized Radiation Trial. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chia
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - J. Ragaz
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - N. Makretsov
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - M. Cheang
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - M. Hayes
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - B. Gilks
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - A. Harris
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - J. Spinelli
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - K. Gelmon
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - I. Olivotto
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - D. Huntsman
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oxford Univ, Oxford, United Kingdom; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
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35
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Brooks-Wilson AR, Kaurah P, Suriano G, Leach S, Senz J, Grehan N, Butterfield YSN, Jeyes J, Schinas J, Bacani J, Kelsey M, Ferreira P, MacGillivray B, MacLeod P, Micek M, Ford J, Foulkes W, Australie K, Greenberg C, LaPointe M, Gilpin C, Nikkel S, Gilchrist D, Hughes R, Jackson CE, Monaghan KG, Oliveira MJ, Seruca R, Gallinger S, Caldas C, Huntsman D. Germline E-cadherin mutations in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: assessment of 42 new families and review of genetic screening criteria. J Med Genet 2004; 41:508-17. [PMID: 15235021 PMCID: PMC1735838 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.018275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the E-cadherin (CDH1) gene are a well documented cause of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Development of evidence based guidelines for CDH1 screening for HDGC have been complicated by its rarity, variable penetrance, and lack of founder mutations. METHODS Forty three new gastric cancer (GC) families were ascertained from multiple sources. In 42 of these families at least one gastric cancer was pathologically confirmed to be a diffuse gastric cancer (DGC); the other family had intestinal type gastric cancers. Screening of the entire coding region of the CDH1 gene and all intron/exon boundaries was performed by bi-directional sequencing. RESULTS Novel mutations were found in 13 of the 42 DGC families (31% overall). Twelve of these mutations occur among the 25 families with multiple cases of gastric cancer and with pathologic confirmation of diffuse gastric cancer phenotype in at least one individual under the age of 50 years. The mutations found include small insertions and deletions, splice site mutations, and three non-conservative amino acid substitutions (A298T, W409R, and R732Q). All three missense mutations conferred loss of E-cadherin function in in vitro assays. Multiple cases of breast cancers including pathologically confirmed lobular breast cancers were observed both in mutation positive and negative families. CONCLUSION Germline truncating CDH1 mutations are found in 48% of families with multiple cases of gastric cancer and at least one documented case of DGC in an individual under 50 years of age. We recommend that these criteria be used for selecting families for CDH1 mutational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 600 W. 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 4E6
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36
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Keller G, Vogelsang H, Becker I, Plaschke S, Ott K, Suriano G, Mateus AR, Seruca R, Biedermann K, Huntsman D, Döring C, Holinski-Feder E, Neutzling A, Siewert JR, Höfler H. Germline mutations of the E-cadherin(CDH1) and TP53 genes, rather than of RUNX3 and HPP1, contribute to genetic predisposition in German gastric cancer patients. J Med Genet 2004; 41:e89. [PMID: 15173255 PMCID: PMC1735803 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.015594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Keller
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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Abstract
p63 is a recently discovered member of the p53 family that has been shown to be important in the development of epithelial tissues. p63 may also play a role in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, head and neck, and cervix, and its expression is increased in these tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of p63 in a broad spectrum of histologic types of lung tumors. A total of 441 cases of primary lung tumors with follow-up data were identified, and the paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were used to construct a duplicate core tissue microarray. After review of the tissue cores, 408 cases, consisting of 123 squamous cell carcinomas, 93 adenocarcinomas, 68 large cell carcinomas, 68 classic carcinoids, 31 atypical carcinoids, 11 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 14 small cell carcinomas, were adequate for analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed at 2 different laboratories using monoclonal antibody 4A4 to detect the expression of p63, using different staining protocols. p53 expression was also studied with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody DO-7. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to compare the survival of p63-expressing versus nonexpressing tumors. A large proportion of squamous cell carcinomas expressed p63 (96.9%), most showing strong positive nuclear immunoreactivity. Expression in other nonsmall cell lung cancers was also present. Thirty percent of adenocarcinomas and 37% of large cell carcinomas showed p63 expression. In the neuroendocrine tumors, an increasing proportion of tumors stained for p63 as tumor grade increased; 1.9% of classic carcinoids, 30.8% of atypical carcinoids, 50% of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 76.9% of small cell carcinomas were positive. Approximately half of the positively staining neuroendocrine cases showed strong staining. Expression of p63 was of prognostic significance in neuroendocrine tumors (P < 0.0001), with higher-grade tumors more likely to express p63. Correlation between p63 and p53 expression was not observed (P = 0.18) in nonsmall cell lung cancer; however, a significant correlation between the 2 markers was found in neuroendocrine tumors (P < 0.0001). p63 staining was repeated with a different staining protocol, yielding similar results overall but a lower percentage of positive cases (34.2% vs. 48.4% of tumors positive). In conclusion, p63 expression is consistently expressed in squamous cell carcinoma in the lung, but is also expressed in a subset of adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors also show p63 staining in some instances, particularly in higher-grade tumors, and the majority of small cell carcinomas are p63-positive. These results suggest that p63 may be involved in oncogenesis in a broader range of tumors than was previously thought.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- N H C Au
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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38
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Ragaz J, Miller K, Badve S, Dayachko Y, Dunn S, Nielsen T, Brodie A, Huntsman D, Bajdik C, Sledge G. Adverse association of expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with long-term outcome of stage I-III breast cancer (BrCa), with co-expression data of VEGF and Her2, Cox2, uPA and ER. Results from the British Columbia Tissue Microarray Project. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ragaz
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - K. Miller
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - S. Badve
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Y. Dayachko
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - S. Dunn
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - T. Nielsen
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - A. Brodie
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - D. Huntsman
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - C. Bajdik
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - G. Sledge
- McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis, IN; BCCA/Vancouver Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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39
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Hicks D, Skacel M, Downs-Kelly E, Cheang M, Pettay J, Nielsen T, Huntsman D, Powell R, Hainfeld J, Grogan T. Invasive breast cancer clinical outcome is predicted by a novel bright-field assay for the simultaneous detection of HER2 gene amplification and protein expression (SILVERFISH). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Hicks
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - M. Skacel
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - E. Downs-Kelly
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - M. Cheang
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - J. Pettay
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - T. Nielsen
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - D. Huntsman
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - R. Powell
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - J. Hainfeld
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
| | - T. Grogan
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Nanoprobes, Yaphank, NY; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ
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40
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Ragaz J, Lippman M, Van Rijn M, Brodie A, Jelovac D, Nielsen T, Dedhar S, Huntsman D, Hayes M, Dunn S, Cheung M, Sledge G, Chia S, Harris A, Bajdik C, Speers C, Spinelli J, Hayes D. 2. Survival Impact of HER-2/Neu, Cox-2, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator (upa), Cytokeratin 17/5,6 and other Markers with Long-Term Outcome of Early Breast Cancer. Report from the British Columbia Tissue Micro-Array Project (BCTMAP). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1023979226714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Huntsman D, Carneiro F, Lewis F, MacLeod P, Hayashi A, Monaghan K, Maung R, Seruca R, Jackson C, Caldas C. [Prophylactic gastrectomy in patients with deleterious E-cadherin gene mutation]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2001; 25:931-2. [PMID: 11852408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Huntsman
- Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
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42
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Mattman A, Huntsman D, Lockitch G, Owen D. Re: Brunt et. al.--Histological evaluation of iron in liver biopsies: relationship to HFE mutations. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:926. [PMID: 11280588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Gayther SA, Gorringe KL, Ramus SJ, Huntsman D, Roviello F, Grehan N, Machado JC, Pinto E, Seruca R, Halling K, MacLeod P, Powell SM, Jackson CE, Ponder BA, Caldas C. Identification of germ-line E-cadherin mutations in gastric cancer families of European origin. Cancer Res 1998; 58:4086-9. [PMID: 9751616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin germ-line mutations have recently been described as a molecular basis for early-onset familial gastric cancer in Maori kindred. We screened 18 gastric cancer families of European origin for germ-line mutations to determine the proportion in which E-cadherin mutations occur and the clinical characteristics of the affected families. Truncating mutations were identified in three kindred with familial diffuse gastric cancer. In these families, the age of onset of gastric cancer was variable, the penetrance was incomplete, and one kindred contained individuals with cancers at other sites. Here, we show that a proportion of diffuse gastric cancer families of European origin have germ-line E-cadherin mutations; however, these mutations are absent in intestinal gastric cancer families.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Gayther
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research Campaign Human Cancer Genetics Research Group, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, United Kingdom
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44
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Stremel R, Whipp B, Casaburi R, Huntsman D, Wasserman K. Role of vagal afferents and the carotid bodies in the hypopnea consequent to diminished pulmonary blood flow. Chest 1978. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.73.2.270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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45
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Koyal SN, Whipp BJ, Huntsman D, Bray GA, Wasserman K. Ventilatory responses to the metabolic acidosis of treadmill and cycle ergometry. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1976; 40:864-7. [PMID: 931922 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1976.40.6.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilation and acid-base responses were studied at comparable levels of O2 uptake during cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise, to determine the extent to which the type of exercise affects these responses. Twenty male subjects performed 50-, 100-, and 150-W cycle ergometer exercise and three work rates of similar O2 uptake on a treadmill. At comparable oxygen uptakes, arterial lactate and VE were higher and arterial pH and bicarbonate were lower for cycle ergometer than treadmill exercise. These differences could be accounted for by the greater degree of metabolic acidosis during cycle ergometer work. The increment in VE over that predicted (from an extrapolation of the linear relationship of the VE-VO2 relationship for low work rates) was linearly related to the decrease in arterial bicarbonate; VE was increased by approximately 4 1/min for each meq/1 of bicarbonate decrease for both treadmill and cycle ergometry.
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