1
|
Stergiadis S, Allen M, Chen XJ, Wills D, Yan T. Prediction of nutrient digestibility and energy concentrations in fresh grass using nutrient composition. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3257-73. [PMID: 25747838 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Improved nutrient utilization efficiency is strongly related to enhanced economic performance and reduced environmental footprint of dairy farms. Pasture-based systems are widely used for dairy production in certain areas of the world, but prediction equations of fresh grass nutritive value (nutrient digestibility and energy concentrations) are limited. Equations to predict digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) used for grazing cattle have been either developed with cattle fed conserved forage and concentrate diets or sheep fed previously frozen grass, and the majority of them require measurements less commonly available to producers, such as nutrient digestibility. The aim of the present study was therefore to develop prediction equations more suitable to grazing cattle for nutrient digestibility and energy concentrations, which are routinely available at farm level by using grass nutrient contents as predictors. A study with 33 nonpregnant, nonlactating cows fed solely fresh-cut grass at maintenance energy level for 50 wk was carried out over 3 consecutive grazing seasons. Freshly harvested grass of 3 cuts (primary growth and first and second regrowth), 9 fertilizer input levels, and contrasting stage of maturity (3 to 9 wk after harvest) was used, thus ensuring a wide representation of nutritional quality. As a result, a large variation existed in digestibility of dry matter (0.642-0.900) and digestible organic matter in dry matter (0.636-0.851) and in concentrations of DE (11.8-16.7 MJ/kg of dry matter) and ME (9.0-14.1 MJ/kg of dry matter). Nutrient digestibilities and DE and ME concentrations were negatively related to grass neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents but positively related to nitrogen (N), gross energy, and ether extract (EE) contents. For each predicted variable (nutrient digestibilities or energy concentrations), different combinations of predictors (grass chemical composition) were found to be significant and increase the explained variation. For example, relatively higher R(2) values were found for prediction of N digestibility using N and EE as predictors; gross-energy digestibility using EE, NDF, ADF, and ash; NDF, ADF, and organic matter digestibilities using N, water-soluble carbohydrates, EE, and NDF; digestible organic matter in dry matter using water-soluble carbohydrates, EE, NDF, and ADF; DE concentration using gross energy, EE, NDF, ADF, and ash; and ME concentration using N, EE, ADF, and ash. Equations presented may allow a relatively quick and easy prediction of grass quality and, hence, better grazing utilization on commercial and research farms, where nutrient composition falls within the range assessed in the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Stergiadis
- Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agriculture Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, County Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - M Allen
- Finance and Corporate Affairs Division, Biometrics and Information Systems Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, County Antrim, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - X J Chen
- Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agriculture Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, County Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - D Wills
- Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agriculture Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, County Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - T Yan
- Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agriculture Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, County Down, BT26 6DR, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stergiadis S, Chen XJ, Allen M, Wills D, Yan T. Evaluating nitrogen utilization efficiency of nonpregnant dry cows offered solely fresh cut grass at maintenance levels1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:709-20. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
3
|
Jiao HP, Yan T, Mcdowell DA, Carson AF, Ferris CP, Easson DL, Wills D. Enteric methane emissions and efficiency of use of energy in Holstein heifers and steers at age of six months1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:356-62. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. P. Jiao
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - T. Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - D. A. Mcdowell
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - A. F. Carson
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - C. P. Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - D. L. Easson
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| | - D Wills
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, Co. Down BT26 6DR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chami G, Ward J, Wills D, Phillips R, Sherman K. Smart tool for force measurements during knee arthroscopy: in vivo human study. Stud Health Technol Inform 2006; 119:85-9. [PMID: 16404020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the magnitude and patterns of forces obtained by using a probe, equipped with a six-axis force torque sensor, in knee arthroscopy. The probe was used by orthopaedic surgeons and trainees, who performed 11 different tasks in 10 standard knee arthroscopies. The force magnitude and patterns generated are presented; which can support the development of virtual arthroscopy systems with realistic haptic feedback. The results were compared across both groups of surgeons. A difference in the force patterns generated by senior versus junior surgeons was noted which can aid in the development of an objective assessment system for arthroscopy skills. The results could potentially be useful to assess future performance in real arthroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chami
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
AIM To develop computer simulation of steps in vitreoretinal surgery using virtual reality technology. MATERIAL AND METHODS A workstation with three-dimensional position tracking stylus was attached to a Pentium II desktop PC with a graphic accelerator. Computer algorithms were developed using Open GL and Microsoft Visual C++ languages to control the interaction and update the visual feedback tracking the instruments. Soft tissue computer modelling was carried out to mimic the removal of a vitreous opacity. Lens touch with the instruments was also detected. Mathematical modelling to allow for lens distortion was taken into account. RESULTS A virtual reality computer model has been developed that can simulate initial steps of vitreoretinal surgery. Soft tissue modelling of the vitreous opacity and its removal by the vitrector was successfully simulated. The movements of the active and passive instruments in the dummy eye corresponded to the movements on the computer screen. On evaluation of the system, there was a minimal but discernable time lag between the stylus movement and the visual feedback. There was no tactile feedback when the lens touch was simulated. No further complex vitreoretinal surgery simulation was possible at this stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Verma
- Department of Ophthamology, Hull Royal Infirmary, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The human gene for asparagine synthetase has been isolated and the molecular organization has been determined by mapping and DNA sequencing of intron-exon boundaries. The gene spans 35 kb and contains 13 exons. The structure of the human gene has a high degree of similarity to that of the hamster asparagine synthetase gene, with identical positions for all but one of the intron regions. The 5' upstream region of this gene, like other housekeeping genes, lacks conventional TATA and CAAT boxes. Comparisons of the 5' upstream sequences of the human and hamster genes show limited similarity; however, both have a very high G + C content which may play a role in expression through DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Zhang
- Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wills D. Rapid Radio Emissions:
Superluminal Radio Sources
. J. Anton Zensus and Timothy J. Pearson, Eds. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1987. xvi, 361 pp., illus. $49.50. From a workshop, Big Bear, CA, Oct. 1986. Science 1987; 238:1740-1. [PMID: 17737678 DOI: 10.1126/science.238.4834.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Wills D. A comprehensive study of job satisfaction and other factors relating to nursing and the health services. N Z Nurs Forum 1978; 6:4-8. [PMID: 285341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Wills D. A study of smoking habits and attitudes in relation to the nursing profession. N Z Nurs Forum 1978; 6:8. [PMID: 285342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
Wills D. New abortion legislation: a comparison with professional policy. N Z Nurs Forum 1978; 6:12-3. [PMID: 274613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Wills D. A review of public hospital nursing staff levels. N Z Nurs Forum 1978; 6:16. [PMID: 274615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
13
|
Wills D, Newland S. Study of nurses' attitudes to different clinical areas. Nurs Forum 1977; 4:6-7. [PMID: 583974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
14
|
Wills D. The report of the Royal Commission on Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion: a comparison with health professional policies. Nurs Forum 1977; 5:4-6. [PMID: 586674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Wills D. A survey of men practising as nurses and male students in schools of nursing. N Z Nurs Forum 1977; 5:7-8. [PMID: 274611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
16
|
Wills D. The report of the Royal Commission on Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion: a comparison with health professional policies. N Z Nurs Forum 1977; 5:4-6. [PMID: 274610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
17
|
Wills D. A survey of men practising as nurses and male students in schools of nursing. Nurs Forum 1977; 5:7-8. [PMID: 586675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Wills D. Contraception, sterilisation & abortion in NZ. A review of medical, nursing and related professional policy. Nurs Forum 1976; 4:6-9. [PMID: 1050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
19
|
Wills D, Newland S. Survey of nursing shortages. Nurs Forum 1976; 4:4-5. [PMID: 1050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
20
|
Wills D. Family planning practice in New Zealand. Nurs Forum 1976; 4:6-8. [PMID: 1047429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
21
|
Wills D, Grant A. Admissions to schools of nursing. Nurs Forum 1976; 4:4-6. [PMID: 1047428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
22
|
Beck IP, Sassman M, Wills D. Family study of hereditary angio-oedema. Q J Med 1971; 40:563-4. [PMID: 5157408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
23
|
Sussman M, Beck P, Wills D. Laboratory observations of hereditary angio-oedema and its treatment. J Pathol 1971; 104:xi. [PMID: 5125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Lynds
- Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wills D. Remarks on Sibbens. LONDON AND EDINBURGH MONTHLY JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 1844. [PMCID: PMC5847715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|