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Tohl D, Tran Tam Pham A, Li J, Tang Y. Point-of-care image-based quantitative urinalysis with commercial reagent strips: Design and clinical evaluation. Methods 2024; 224:63-70. [PMID: 38367653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinalysis is a useful test as an indicator of health or disease and as such, is a part of routine health screening. Urinalysis can be undertaken in many ways, one of which is reagent strips used in the general evaluation of health and to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of kidney disease. To be effective, the test must be performed properly, and the results interpreted correctly. However, different light conditions and colour perception can vary between users leading to ambiguous readings. This has led to camera devices being used to capture and generate the estimated biomarker concentrations, but image colour can be affected by variations in illumination and inbuilt image processing. Therefore, a new portable device with embedded image processing techniques is presented in this study to provide quantitative measurements that are invariant to changes in illumination. The device includes a novel calibration process and uses the ratio of RGB values to compensate for variations in illumination across an image and improve the accuracy of quantitative measurements. Results show that the proposed calibration method gives consistent homogeneous illumination across the whole image. Comparisons against other existing methods and clinical results show good performance with a correlation to the clinical values. The proposed device can be used for point-of-care testing to provide reliable results consistent with clinical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Tohl
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Anh Tran Tam Pham
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Jordan Li
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Youhong Tang
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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Hu Q, Luo X, Tohl D, Pham ATT, Raston C, Tang Y. Hydrogel-Film-Fabricated Fluorescent Biosensors with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Albumin Detection through the Real-Time Modulation of a Vortex Fluidic Device. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073244. [PMID: 37050007 PMCID: PMC10096627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have various promising prospects as a successful platform for detecting biomarkers, and human serum albumin (HSA) is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. However, the difficult-to-control passive diffusion kinetics of hydrogels is a major factor affecting detection performance. This study focuses on using hydrogels embedded with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe TC426 to detect HSA in real time. The vortex fluidic device (VFD) technology is used as a rotation strategy to control the reaction kinetics and micromixing during measurement. The results show that the introduction of VFD could significantly accelerate its fluorescence response and effectively improve the diffusion coefficient, while VFD processing could regulate passive diffusion into active diffusion, offering a new method for future sensing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre on Personal Health Technologies, Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Xuan Luo
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Damian Tohl
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre on Personal Health Technologies, Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Anh Tran Tam Pham
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre on Personal Health Technologies, Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Colin Raston
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Youhong Tang
- Australia-China Joint Research Centre on Personal Health Technologies, Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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Pham ATT, Tohl D, Wallace A, Hu Q, Li J, Reynolds KJ, Tang Y. Developing a fluorescent sensing based portable medical open-platform - a case study for albuminuria measurement in chronic kidney disease screening and monitoring. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wang Y, Pham ATT, Tohl D, Tang Y. Simulation Guided Hand-Driven Portable Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Design, Optimisation, and Evaluation. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:955. [PMID: 34442577 PMCID: PMC8400725 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the fundamental mechanics of an ancient whirligig (or buzzer toy; 3300 BC), a hand-driven rotational triboelectric nanogenerator (HDR-TENG) was designed and optimised, guided by our recently reported mathematical modelling. This modelling indicates that the power generated by HDR-TENG is a function of the number of segments, rotational speed, and tribo-surface spacing with different weighting sensitivities. Based on the simulation results, additive manufacturing technology was combined with commercially available components to cost-effectively fabricate the HDR-TENG. The fabricated HDR-TENG can provide stable and adjustable rotational speed up to 15,000 rpm with a linear hand stretching. The output voltage of HDR-TENG maintains a constant value within 50,000 cycles of testing when using Nylon 66 and PTFE as the triboelectric material. It can charge a 47 μF capacitor to 2.2 V in one minute. This study provides a cost-effective portable HDR-TENG device with adjustable high rotational speed, high power output, and long durable life, creating opportunities to provide a power supply for point-of-care devices in remote or resource-poor settings and applications in science and engineering education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Youhong Tang
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley 5042, Australia; (Y.W.); (A.T.T.P.); (D.T.)
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Pham ATT, Wallace A, Zhang X, Tohl D, Fu H, Chuah C, Reynolds KJ, Ramsey C, Tang Y. Optical-Based Biosensors and Their Portable Healthcare Devices for Detecting and Monitoring Biomarkers in Body Fluids. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071285. [PMID: 34359368 PMCID: PMC8307945 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids has been used to improve human healthcare activities for decades. In recent years, researchers have focused their attention on applying the point-of-care (POC) strategies into biomarker detection. The evolution of mobile technologies has allowed researchers to develop numerous portable medical devices that aim to deliver comparable results to clinical measurements. Among these, optical-based detection methods have been considered as one of the common and efficient ways to detect and monitor the presence of biomarkers in bodily fluids, and emerging aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with their distinct features are merging with portable medical devices. In this review, the detection methodologies that use optical measurements in the POC systems for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in bodily fluids are compared, including colorimetry, fluorescence and chemiluminescence measurements. The current portable technologies, with or without the use of smartphones in device development, that are combined with optical biosensors for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids, are also investigated. The review also discusses novel AIEgens used in the portable systems for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluid. Finally, the potential of future developments and the use of optical detection-based portable devices in healthcare activities are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tran Tam Pham
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Angus Wallace
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Damian Tohl
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Hao Fu
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Clarence Chuah
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Karen J. Reynolds
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Carolyn Ramsey
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Youhong Tang
- Australia-China Science and Research Fund Joint Research Centre for Personal Health Technologies, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia; (A.T.T.P.); (A.W.); (X.Z.); (D.T.); (H.F.); (K.J.R.); (C.R.)
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8201-2138
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