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Papa F, Sardaro N, Lippolis R, Panelli D, Scacco S. Activation of protein phosphatase 2A is responsible for increased content and inactivation of respiratory chain complex i induced by all-trans retinoic acid in human keratinocytes. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:389-398. [PMID: 27358125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on cell growth and respiratory chain complex I in human keratinocyte cultures. Keratinocyte treatment results in increased level of GRIM-19 and other subunits of complex I, in particular of their carbonylated forms, associated with inhibition of its enzymatic activity. The results show that in keratinocytes ATRA-promoted phosphatase activity controls the proteostasis and activity of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - N Sardaro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - R Lippolis
- Institute of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes (IBBE) of the Italian National Council of Researches (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - D Panelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - S Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Mody S, Panelli D, Hulugalle A, Su H, Parker B, Gorman J. Contraceptive use and counseling among breast cancer patients: a cross-sectional study. Contraception 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abbrescia A, Martino PL, Panelli D, Sardanelli AM, Papa S, Alifano P, Palese LL, Gaballo A. The respiratory chains of four strains of the alkaliphilic Bacillus clausii. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:714-21. [PMID: 25161879 PMCID: PMC4141192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand how alkaliphilic prokaryotes thrive at high pH. An interesting issue is their ability to cope with bioenergetics at high pH. We show that four genetically similar strains adopt different biochemical behaviors. Two of the strains show a functional redundancy of the terminal part of the respiratory chain. Biochemical data correlate with the expression of cytochrome c oxidase and quinol oxidase genes (heme-copper types).
A comparative analysis of terminal respiratory enzymes has been performed on four strains of Bacillus clausii used for preparation of a European probiotic. These four strains originated most probably from a common ancestor through early selection of stable clones for industrial propagation. They exhibit a low level of intra-specific diversity and a high degree of genomic conservation, making them an attractive model to study the different bioenergetics behaviors of alkaliphilic bacilli. The analysis of the different bioenergetics responses has been carried out revealing striking differences among the strains. Two out of the four strains have shown a functional redundancy of the terminal part of the respiratory chain. The biochemical data correlate with the expression level of the mRNA of cytochrome c oxidase and quinol oxidase genes (heme-copper type). The consequences of these different bioenergetics behaviors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S Papa
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics (IBBE), Italian Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - P Alifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - A Gaballo
- Nanoscience Institute-CNR, U.O.S. NNL, Lecce, Italy
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Panelli D, Lorusso FP, Papa F, Panelli P, Stella A, Caputi M, Sardanelli AM, Papa S. The mechanism of alternative splicing of the X-linked NDUFB11 gene of the respiratory chain complex I, impact of rotenone treatment in neuroblastoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012; 1829:211-8. [PMID: 23246602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A study is presented on the regulation of alternative splicing (AS) of the Ndufb11 gene of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the impact on this process of rotenone treatment in neuroblastoma cells. In physiological conditions the Ndufb11 gene produces at high level a short transcript isoform encoding for a 153 aa protein. This subunit is essential for the assembly of a functional and stable mammalian complex I. The gene produces also, at low level, a longer transcript isoform encoding for a 163 aa protein whose role is unknown. Evidence is presented here showing that the level of the two isoforms is regulated by three DGGGD ESS elements located in exon 2 which can bind the hnRNPH1 protein. In neuronal cells rotenone treatment affects the Ndufb11 alternative splicing pathway, with the increase of the 163/153 mRNAs ratio. This effect appears to be due to the down-regulation of the hnRNPH1 protein. Since rotenone induces apoptosis in neuronal cells, the post-transcriptional regulation of the Ndufb11 gene can be involved in the programmed cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Panelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Panelli D, Lorusso FP, Trentadue R, Stella A, Sardanelli AM, Papa S. The hUPF1-NMD factor controls the cellular transcript levels of different genes of complex I of the respiratory chain. Biochimie 2012; 94:2600-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Petruzzella V, Sardanelli AM, Scacco S, Panelli D, Papa F, Trentadue R, Papa S. Dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in neurological disorders: genetics and pathogenetic mechanisms. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 942:371-84. [PMID: 22399432 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2869-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers genetic and biochemical aspects of mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunction in neurological disorders associated with complex I defects. Complex I formation and functionality in mammalian cells depends on coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes, post-translational subunit modifications, mitochondrial import/maturation of nuclear encoded subunits, subunits interaction and stepwise assembly, and on proteolytic processing. Examples of complex I dysfunction are herein presented: homozygous mutations in the nuclear NDUFS1 and NDUFS4 genes for structural components of complex I; an autosomic recessive form of encephalopathy associated with enhanced proteolytic degradation of complex I; familial cases of Parkinson associated to mutations in the PINK1 and Parkin genes, in particular, homoplasmic mutations in the ND5 and ND6 mitochondrial genes of the complex I, coexistent with mutation in the PINK1 gene. This knowledge, besides clarifying molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of hereditary diseases, can also provide hints for understanding the involvement of complex I in neurological disorders, as well as for developing therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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Lippolis R, Gnoni A, Abbrescia A, Panelli D, Maiorano S, Paternoster MS, Sardanelli AM, Papa S, Gaballo A. Comparative proteomic analysis of four Bacillus clausii strains: Proteomic expression signature distinguishes protein profile of the strains. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2846-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Papa S, Rasmo DD, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Panelli D, Signorile A, Scacco S, Petruzzella V, Papa F, Palmisano G, Gnoni A, Micelli L, Sardanelli AM. Respiratory chain complex I, a main regulatory target of the cAMP/PKA pathway is defective in different human diseases. FEBS Lett 2011; 586:568-77. [PMID: 21945319 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain has 31 supernumerary subunits in addition to the 14 conserved from prokaryotes to humans. Multiplicity of structural protein components, as well as of biogenesis factors, makes complex I a sensible pace-maker of mitochondrial respiration. The work reviewed here shows that the cAMP/PKA pathway regulates the biogenesis, assembly and catalytic activity of complex I and mitochondrial oxygen superoxide production. The structural, functional and regulatory complexity of complex I, renders it particularly vulnerable to genetic and sporadic pathological factors. Complex I dysfunction has, indeed, been found, to be associated with several human diseases. Knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases can help to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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De Rasmo D, Palmisano G, Scacco S, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Panelli D, Cocco T, Sardanelli AM, Gnoni A, Micelli L, Trani A, Di Luccia A, Papa S. Phosphorylation pattern of the NDUFS4 subunit of complex I of the mammalian respiratory chain. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:464-71. [PMID: 20433953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The NDUFS4 subunit of complex I of the mammalian respiratory chain has a fully conserved carboxy-terminus with a canonical RVSTK phosphorylation site. Immunochemical analysis with specific antibodies shows that the serine in this site of the protein is natively present in complex I in both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated state. Two-dimensional IEF/SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, (32)P labelling and immunodetection show that "in vitro" PKA phosphorylates the serine in the C-terminus of the NDUFS4 subunit in isolated bovine complex I. (32)P labelling and TLC phosphoaminoacid mapping show that PKA phosphorylates serine and threonine residues in the purified heterologous human NDUFS4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, Italy
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Papa S, Scacco S, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Papa F, Panelli D, Nicastro A, Scaringi R, Santeramo A, Roca E, Trentadue R, Larizza M. cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates post-translational processing and expression of complex I subunits in mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1797:649-58. [PMID: 20303927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Work is presented on the role of cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in post-translational processing and biosynthesis of complex I subunits in mammalian cell cultures. PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the NDUFS4 subunit of complex I promotes in cell cultures in vivo import/maturation in mitochondria of the precursor of this protein. The import promotion appears to be associated with the observed cAMP-dependent stimulation of the catalytic activity of complex I. These effects of PKA are counteracted by activation of protein phosphatase(s). PKA and the transcription factor CREB play a critical role in the biosynthesis of complex I subunits. CREB phosphorylation, by PKA and/or CaMKs, activates at nuclear and mitochondrial level a transcriptional regulatory cascade which promotes the concerted expression of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded subunits of complex I and other respiratory chain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Papa S, De Rasmo D, Scacco S, Signorile A, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Palmisano G, Sardanelli AM, Papa F, Panelli D, Scaringi R, Santeramo A. Mammalian complex I: a regulable and vulnerable pacemaker in mitochondrial respiratory function. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2008; 1777:719-28. [PMID: 18455500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the regulatory features of complex I of mammalian and human mitochondria are reviewed. In a variety of mitotic cell-line cultures, activation in vivo of the cAMP cascade, or direct addition of cAMP, promotes the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity of complex I and lower the cellular level of ROS. These effects of cAMP are found to be associated with PKA-mediated serine phosphorylation in the conserved C-terminus of the subunit of complex I encoded by the nuclear gene NDUFS4. PKA mediated phosphorylation of this Ser in the C-terminus of the protein promotes its mitochondrial import and maturation. Mass-spectrometry analysis of the phosphorylation pattern of complex I subunits is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, Italy.
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Papa F, Delia M, Trentadue R, Panelli D, Bellomo F, Serpico R, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Scacco S. Differential effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the growth of human keratinocytes and mouth carcinoma epidermoid cultures. Involvement of GRIM-19 and complex I of the respiratory chain. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 20:719-29. [PMID: 18179744 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) is the most frequent malignant tumor of the oral cavity. A study on the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on cell growth, expression of GRIM-19 and content and activity of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in normal human keratinocytes (NHEK) and mouth carcinoma cells with low (HN) and high (KB) transformation grade was carried out. In NHEK cells, RA treatment resulted in growth suppression, significant overexpression of GRIM-19 protein, enhanced content of complex I but depressed activity of NADH-UQ oxidoreductase activity of the complex. In HN cells, RA treatment depressed cell growth, inhibited the enzymatic activity of complex I but had no significant effect on the levels of GRIM-19 and complex I. In KB cells RA had no effect on cell growth, GRIM-19 expression, content and activity of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Papa
- Department of Odontostomatology and Surgery, University of Bari, Italy
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De Rasmo D, Panelli D, Sardanelli AM, Papa S. cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates the mitochondrial import of the nuclear encoded NDUFS4 subunit of complex I. Cell Signal 2008; 20:989-97. [PMID: 18291624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The subunits of complex I encoded by the mammalian nuclear genes NDUFS4 (AQDQ protein) and NDUFB11 (ESSS protein) contain serine/threonine consensus phosphorylation sequences (CPS) in their presequence, the first also in the C-terminus. We have studied the impact of PKA mediated phosphorylation on the mitochondrial import of in vitro and in vivo synthesized NDUFS4 protein. The intramitochondrial accumulation of the mature form of in vitro synthesized NDUFS4 protein, but not that of ESSS protein, was promoted by PKA and depressed by alkaline phosphatase (AP). In HeLa cells, control or transfected with the NDUFS4 cDNA construct, the mitochondrial level of mature NDUFS4 protein was promoted by 8-Br-cAMP and depressed by H89. Ser173Ala mutagenesis in the C-terminus CPS abolished the appearance in mitochondria of the mature form of NDUFS4 protein. The promoting effect of PKA on the mitochondrial accumulation of mature NDUFS4 protein appears to be due to inhibition of its retrograde diffusion into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Rasmo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics (DIBIFIM), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Papa S, De Rasmo D, Panelli D, Sardanelli AM. cAMP‐dependent protein kinase promotes mitochondrial import of the nuclear encoded NDUFS4 subunit of complex I. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a661-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and PhysicsUniversity of BariP.zza G. CesareBari70124Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes and BioenergeticsItalian Research Council, P.zza G. CesareBari70124Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and PhysicsUniversity of BariP.zza G. CesareBari70124Italy
| | - Damiano Panelli
- Institute of Biomembranes and BioenergeticsItalian Research Council, P.zza G. CesareBari70124Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sardanelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and PhysicsUniversity of BariP.zza G. CesareBari70124Italy
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Petruzzella V, Panelli D, Torraco A, Stella A, Papa S. Mutations in theNDUFS4gene of mitochondrial complex I alter stability of the splice variants. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3770-6. [PMID: 15975579 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect on the stability of alternative transcripts of different mutations of the NDUFS4 gene in patients with Leigh syndrome with complex I deficiency is presented. Normally, two NDUFS4 splice variants are degraded by nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) while a third form does not trigger NMD degradation. In a patient with a premature termination codon in exon 1, all the three splice variants are up-regulated. The present is the first case of a nonsense mutation leading to the abrogation of NMD, which can represent an additional event to be considered in the evaluation of clinically relevant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Medical Biology, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, Bari 70124, Italy
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Papa S, Petruzzella V, Scacco S, Vergari R, Panelli D, Tamborra R, Corsi P, Picciariello M, Lambo R, Bertini E, Santorelli FM. Respiratory complex I in brain development and genetic disease. Neurochem Res 2004; 29:547-60. [PMID: 15038602 DOI: 10.1023/b:nere.0000014825.42365.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A study is presented on the expression and activity of complex I, as well as of other complexes of the respiratory chain, in the course of brain development and inherited encephalopathies. Investigations on mouse hippocampal cells show that differentiation of these cells both in vivo and in cell cultures is associated with the expression of a functional complex I, whose activity markedly increases with respect to that of complexes III and IV. Data are presented on genetic defects of complex I in six children with inborn encephalopathy associated with isolated deficiency of the complex. Mutations have been identified in nuclear and mitochondrial genes coding for subunits of the complex. Different mutations were found in the nuclear NDUFS4 gene coding for the 18 kD (IP, AQDQ) subunit of complex I. All the NDUFS4 mutations resulted in impairment of the assembly of a functional complex. The observations presented provide evidence showing a critical role of complex I in differentiation and functional activity of brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Papa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Medical Biology, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Scacco S, Petruzzella V, Budde S, Vergari R, Tamborra R, Panelli D, van den Heuvel LP, Smeitink JA, Papa S. Pathological mutations of the human NDUFS4 gene of the 18-kDa (AQDQ) subunit of complex I affect the expression of the protein and the assembly and function of the complex. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:44161-7. [PMID: 12944388 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307615200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented is a study of the impact on the structure and function of human complex I of three different homozygous mutations in the NDUFS4 gene coding for the 18-kDa subunit of respiratory complex I, inherited by autosomal recessive mode in three children affected by a fatal neurological Leigh-like syndrome. The mutations consisted, respectively, of a AAGTC duplication at position 466-470 of the coding sequence, a single base deletion at position 289/290, and a G44A nonsense mutation in the first exon of the gene. All three mutations were found to be associated with a defect of the assembly of a functional complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In all the mutations, in addition to destruction of the carboxyl-terminal segment of the 18-kDa subunit, the amino-terminal segment of the protein was also missing. In the mutation that was expected to produce a truncated subunit, the disappearance of the protein was associated with an almost complete disappearance of the NDUFS4 transcript. These observations show the essential role of the NDUFS4 gene in the structure and function of complex I and give insight into the pathogenic mechanism of NDUFS4 gene mutations in a severe defect of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Medical Biology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Abstract
A planned pregnancy with a satisfactory outcome is reported in a 33-year-old woman who had received long-term home parenteral nutrition after a massive volvulus, with resection of almost the entire small intestine, six years previously. No obstetric complications were observed and a normal baby girl was delivered by caesarean section. The only nutritional complication that was encountered was aching pain in the limbs and weakness at 20 weeks' gestation, which was due possibly to calcium deficiency and/or the metabolic bone disease that is peculiar to long-term parenteral nutrition and to other unidentified nutrient deficiencies.
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