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Goh BKP, Park RHS, Koh YX, Teo JY, Tan EK, Cheow PC, Thng CH, Low AS, Tan DM, Chow PKH, Chan CY, Chung AYF, Ooi LLPJ. Changing trends in the clinicopathological features, practices and outcomes in the surgical management for cystic lesions of the pancreas and impact of the international guidelines: Single institution experience with 462 cases between 1995-2018. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1786-1790. [PMID: 33008749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact on clinical practice of the international guidelines including the Sendai Guidelines (SG06) and Fukuoka Guidelines (FG12) on the management of cystic lesions of the pancreas (CLP) has not been well-studied. The primary aim was to examine the changing trends and outcomes in the surgical management of CLP in our institution over time and to determine the impact of these guidelines on our institution practice. METHODS 462 patients with surgically-treated CLP were retrospectively reviewed and classified under the 2 guidelines. The cohort was divided into 3 time periods: 1998-2006, 2007-2012 and 2013 to 2018. RESULTS Comparison across the 3 time periods demonstrated significantly increasing frequency of older patients, asymptomatic CLP, male gender, smaller tumor size, elevated Ca 19-9, use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) prior to surgery. There was also significantly increasing frequency of adherence to the international guidelines as evidenced by the increasing proportion of HRSG06 and HRFG12 CLP with a corresponding lower proportion of LRSG06 and LRFG12 being resected. This resulted in a significantly higher proportion of resected CLP whereby the final pathology confirmed that a surgery was actually indicated. CONCLUSIONS Over time, there was increasing adherence to the international guidelines for the selection of patients for surgical resection as evidenced by the significantly increasing proportion of HRSG06 and HRFG06 CLPs undergoing surgery. This was associated with a significantly higher proportion of patients with a definitive indication for surgery. These suggested that over time, there was a continuous improvement in our selection of appropriate CLP for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K P Goh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Rachel H S Park
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye-Xin Koh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jin-Yao Teo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ek-Khoon Tan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Peng-Chung Cheow
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Choon-Hua Thng
- Department of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert S Low
- Department of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Damien M Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Pierce K H Chow
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chung-Yip Chan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Alexander Y F Chung
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - London L P J Ooi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
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Hou FQ, Yin YL, Zeng LY, Shang J, Gong GZ, Pan C, Zhang MX, Yin CB, Xie Q, Peng YZ, Chen SJ, Mao Q, Chen YP, Mao QG, Zhang DZ, Han T, Wang MR, Zhao W, Liu JJ, Han Y, Zhao LF, Luo GH, Zhang JM, Peng J, Tan DM, Li ZW, Tang H, Wang H, Zhang YX, Li J, Zhang LL, Chen L, Jia JD, Chen CW, Zhen Z, Li BS, Niu JQ, Meng QH, Yuan H, Sun YT, Li SC, Sheng JF, Cheng J, Sun L, Wang GQ. [Clinical effect and safety of pegylated interferon-α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019; 25:589-596. [PMID: 29056008 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of long-acting pegylated interferon-α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 μg/week) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a as positive control. Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial. Eligible HBeAg-positive CHB patients were screened out and randomized to Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) trial group and Peg-IFN-α-2a control group at a ratio of 2:1. The course of treatment was 48 weeks and the patients were followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Plasma samples were collected at screening, baseline, and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 weeks for centralized detection. COBAS® Ampliprep/COBAS® TaqMan® HBV Test was used to measure HBV DNA level by quantitative real-time PCR. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Elecsys kit was used to measure HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe). Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary outcome measure was HBeAg seroconversion rate after the 24-week follow-up, and non-inferiority was also tested. The difference in HBeAg seroconversion rate after treatment between the trial group and the control group and two-sided confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and non-inferiority was demonstrated if the lower limit of 95% CI was > -10%. The t-test, chi-square test, or rank sum test was used according to the types and features of data. Results: A total of 855 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled and 820 of them received treatment (538 in the trial group and 282 in the control group). The data of the full analysis set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 27.32% in the trial group and 22.70% in the control group with a rate difference of 4.63% (95% CI -1.54% to 10.80%, P = 0.1493). The data of the per-protocol set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 30.75% in the trial group and 27.14% in the control group with a rate difference of 3.61% (95% CI -3.87% to 11.09%, P = 0.3436). 95% CI met the non-inferiority criteria, and the trial group was non-inferior to the control group. The two groups had similar incidence rates of adverse events, serious adverse events, and common adverse events. Conclusion: In Peg-IFN-α regimen for HBeAg-positive CHB patients, the new drug Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Q Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y L Yin
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - L Y Zeng
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - J Shang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - G Z Gong
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - C Pan
- Fuzhou Infectious Disease Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - M X Zhang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, China
| | - C B Yin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Q Xie
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Z Peng
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - S J Chen
- Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Q Mao
- Southeast Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Y P Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Q G Mao
- Xiamen Hospital of T.C.M, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - D Z Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - T Han
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - M R Wang
- 81th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - W Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - J J Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Y Han
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L F Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - G H Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical Universtiy, Nanning 530021, China
| | - J M Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J Peng
- Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - D M Tan
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Z W Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - H Tang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - J Li
- Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - L L Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 360102, China
| | - L Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - J D Jia
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - C W Chen
- 85th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Z Zhen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - B S Li
- 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J Q Niu
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Chanchun 130062, China
| | - Q H Meng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Captial Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - H Yuan
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y T Sun
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - S C Li
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - J F Sheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - J Cheng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - L Sun
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - G Q Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Srinivasan N, Teo JY, Chin YK, Hennedige T, Tan DM, Low AS, Thng CH, Goh BKP. Systematic review of the clinical utility and validity of the Sendai and Fukuoka Consensus Guidelines for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. HPB (Oxford) 2018; 20:497-504. [PMID: 29486917 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review was performed to assess the clinical utility of the Sendai Consensus Guidelines (SCG) and Fukuoka Consensus Guidelines (FCG) for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). METHODS A computerized search of PubMed was performed to identify all the studies which evaluated the SCG and FCG in surgically resected, histologically confirmed IPMNs. RESULTS Ten studies evaluating the FCG, 8 evaluating the SCG and 4 evaluating both guidelines were included. In 14 studies evaluating the FCG, out of a total of 2498 neoplasms, 849 were malignant and 1649 were benign neoplasms. Pooled analysis showed that 751 of 1801 (42%) FCG+ve neoplasms were malignant and 599 neoplasms of 697 (86%) FCG-ve neoplasms were benign. PPV of the high risk and worrisome risk groups were 465/986 (47%) and 239/520 (46%) respectively. In 12 studies evaluating the SCG, 1234 neoplasms were analyzed of which 388 (31%) were malignant and 846 (69%) were benign. Pooled analysis demonstrated that 265 of 802 (33%) SCG+ve neoplasms were malignant and 238 of 266 SCG-ve (90%) neoplasms were benign. CONCLUSION The FCG had a higher positive predictive value (PPV) compared to the SCG. However, the negative predictive value (NPV) of the FCG was slightly lower than that of the SCG. Malignant and even invasive IPMN may be missed according to both guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Srinivasan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Yao Teo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yung-Ka Chin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Hennedige
- Department of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Damien M Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Albert S Low
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Choon Hua Thng
- Department of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian K P Goh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore.
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Teo R, Goh BKP, Tai DWM, Allen JC, Lim TKH, Hwang JSG, Tan DM, Lee SY, Chan CY, Cheow PC, Chow PKH, Ooi LLPJ, Chung AYF, Ong S. Validation and comparison between current prognostication systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A single-institution experience with 176 patients. Surgery 2017; 161:1235-1245. [PMID: 28111046 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article aims to validate and compare the performance of 6 prognostication systems-the World Health Organization 2010 grading criteria, the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society and the American Joint Committee for Cancer staging systems, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center staging and grading systems, as well as the Bilimoria criteria in a cohort of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms at a single institution. METHODS A retrospective review of 176 patients with histologically proven pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm was performed. The prognostic ability of the various prognostication systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm was assessed by analyzing the homogeneity, discriminatory ability, monotonicity of gradient, and Akaike information criteria. RESULTS The 5-year overall survival for the 176 patients was 69% and 5-year recurrence-free survival in 119 patients who underwent curative resection was 78%. Comparison between the 6 prognostication systems demonstrated that the World Health Organization 2010 system had the lowest Akaike information criteria score and was hence the best prognostication system in predicting overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates in our cohort of patients. The European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society was superior to the American Joint Committee for Cancer in prognosticating overall survival rates for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, as there was a statistically significant difference in overall survival across the different stages when stratified by the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society, while the use of the American Joint Committee for Cancer was limited to distinguishing between patients in stages I and II versus stages III and IV only. CONCLUSION All 6 prognostication systems were useful in the prognostication of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm. The World Health Organization 2010 grading system was the best prognostication system in predicting both overall survival in our entire cohort of patients and recurrence-free survival in the subset of patients who underwent curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Teo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Brian K P Goh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - David W M Tai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - John C Allen
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tony K H Lim
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jacqueline S G Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Damien M Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ser-Yee Lee
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chung-Yip Chan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peng-Chung Cheow
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pierce K H Chow
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - London L P J Ooi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alexander Y F Chung
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Simon Ong
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Hou JL, Gao ZL, Xie Q, Zhang JM, Sheng JF, Cheng J, Chen CW, Mao Q, Zhao W, Ren H, Tan DM, Niu JQ, Chen SJ, Pan C, Tang H, Wang H, Mao YM, Jia JD, Ning Q, Xu M, Wu SM, Li J, Zhang XX, Ji Y, Dong J, Li J. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs adefovir dipivoxil in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B after 48 weeks: a randomized controlled trial. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:85-93. [PMID: 25243325 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has demonstrated long-term efficacy and a high barrier to resistance in multiple chronic hepatitis B (CHB) populations outside of China. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TDF compared with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in Chinese patients with CHB during 48 weeks of treatment (ClinicalTrial.gov number, NCT01300234). A Phase 3, multicentred, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of TDF with ADV in Chinese patients with CHB. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with HBV DNA <400 copies/mL in each treatment group at Week 48, using an unpooled Z-test for superiority. Secondary endpoints included viral suppression, serologic response, histological improvement, normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and the emergence of resistance mutations. A total of 509 patients, 202 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 307 HBeAg-negative, with HBV DNA ≥10(5) copies/mL received either TDF 300 mg od or ADV 10 mg od. At Week 48, TDF demonstrated superior viral suppression compared with ADV in both HBeAg-positive (76.7% vs 18.2%, P < 0.0001) and HBeAg-negative (96.8% vs 71.2%, P < 0.0001) patients. The majority of patients in both treatment arms achieved ALT normalization (>85%). No resistance to TDF was observed. The frequency of adverse events was comparable between treatment arms (TDF 3.9% vs ADV 4.8%). In this double-blind, randomized, clinical trial, TDF demonstrated superiority over ADV with respect to viral suppression in Chinese patients with CHB at 48 weeks of treatment and without the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Liaw YF, Jia JD, Chan HLY, Han KH, Tanwandee T, Chuang WL, Tan DM, Chen XY, Gane E, Piratvisuth T, Chen L, Xie Q, Sung JJY, Wat C, Bernaards C, Cui Y, Marcellin P. Shorter durations and lower doses of peginterferon alfa-2a are associated with inferior hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates in hepatitis B virus genotypes B or C. Hepatology 2011; 54:1591-9. [PMID: 22045673 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As there is currently a lack of consensus on the most appropriate dose and duration of peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFNα-2a) therapy in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, the efficacy and safety of either 24 or 48 weeks' duration and 90 μg/week or 180 μg/week doses were compared. HBeAg-positive patients (n = 544; 34% genotype B, 51% genotype C) were randomized to receive PEG-IFNα-2a (2 × 2 factorial design) for 24 or 48 weeks and at 90 μg/week or 180 μg/week and included in the per-protocol population. The primary efficacy endpoint of the noninferiority study was HBeAg seroconversion 6 months posttreatment. The prespecified odds ratio (OR) noninferiority margin was 1.88 with a one-sided significance level of 0.025. The highest rates of HBeAg seroconversion 6 months posttreatment were in the 180/48 arm (36.2% versus 14.1%-25.8% in the other arms). When the dose and duration arms were pooled, the OR for noninferiority of 24 weeks versus 48 weeks was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43, 3.31; P = 0.749) and for 90 μg versus 180 μg was 1.79 (95% CI 1.18, 2.72; P = 0.410). As the upper limit of the 95% CI of the ORs were >1.88, 24 weeks were inferior to 48 weeks and 90 μg/week was inferior to 180 μg/week. The highest rates of response in the 180/48 arm were achieved by patients with HBsAg <1,500 IU/mL at Week 12 (58%) or Week 24 (57%), whereas patients with HBsAg >20,000 IU/mL did not respond. Adverse events were typical of those associated with PEG-IFNα-2a. CONCLUSION Compared with lower doses and shorter durations, the licensed PEG-IFNα-2a treatment regimen (180 μg/48 weeks) was the most efficacious and beneficial for HBeAg-positive patients predominantly infected with hepatitis B virus genotypes B or C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
A perceptual color image coder (PCIC) is presented for the YC(b)C(r) color space within the framework of JPEG2000. This coder employs a vision model based perceptual distortion metric (PDM) to approximate perceived error for rate-distortion (R-D) optimization in order to maximize the visual quality of coded images. The vision model employed in the PCIC is structurally based on an existing monochromatic multichannel vision model, which is extended for color image coding. Subjective tests with 30 viewers show that the PCIC provides superior picture quality at low to intermediate bitrates in comparison with a JPEG2000 compliant coder employing the mean squared error (MSE) and the visual distortion metric (Cvis) as distortion measures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Tan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia.
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Kennedy WA, Chang SJ, Purdy K, LE T, Kilgore PE, Kim JS, Anh DD, Huong PLT, Dong BQ, Tan DM, Clemens JD, Ward JI. Incidence of bacterial meningitis in Asia using enhanced CSF testing: polymerase chain reaction, latex agglutination and culture. Epidemiol Infect 2007; 135:1217-26. [PMID: 17274856 PMCID: PMC2870670 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268806007734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the detection of bacterial meningitis in an East Asian surveillance study, we employed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacterial culture, latex agglutination (LA) and polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) testing for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp). The sensitivity and specificity of CSF PCR-EIA testing was compared to LA and culture. A meningitis case was defined by one positive result for any of the three tests. The sensitivity of H. influenzae CSF PCR-EIA, LA, and culture was 100%, 40% and 57.5% respectively; and for Sp CSF PCR-EIA, LA and culture, the sensitivity was 100%, 58.3% and 66.7%, respectively. Hib and Sp specificity was 100% by each method. CSF PCR-EIA was more sensitive than culture or LA for the detection of Hib and Sp meningitis cases increasing their incidence by 74% and 50% compared to culture respectively. CSF PCR-EIA should be included for the detection of bacterial meningitis in surveillance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Kennedy
- Department of Paediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine and the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA.
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Li CZ, Tan DM, Liu SH. [Effect of artificial liver support system on the patients with severe hepatitis]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 26:377-8. [PMID: 12536744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effective treatment for severe hepatitis. METHODS The severe hepatitis patients were treated by artificial liver support system on basis of the generalized treatment. RESULTS After treatment the level of serum total bilirubin was significant decreased (P < 0.01); the level of aminotransferase were significant decreased (P < 0.01); the prothrombin time was significantly shortened(P < 0.05). The survival rate of severe hepatitis was significantly increased(72%, 31/43)(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The artificial liver support system can elevate the survival rate of severe hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Li
- Department of Infection, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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10
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Lu MH, Xiong HE, Tan DM. [Inhibitory effect of the combination of DHPAs and hyperbaric oxygen on Japanese B encephalitis virus infection in mice]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2001; 26:129-30. [PMID: 12536643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of the combination of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-adenine (DHPAs) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on Japanese B encephalitis virus infection in mice. METHODS Mice infected P3-55 and P3-53 virus were used in the experiments. Virus was inoculated intraperitoneally to Kumming strain mice (8.5-9.5 g). Mice were divided into groups and treated in the incubation period of the infection. The duration of treatment was 5 days, and the experiments were terminated at the end of 2 weeks after treatment. The living and the dead were then counted finally. RESULTS The intergroup comparison showed marked difference between the control group and combination of DHPAs and hyperbaric oxygen group (P < 0.025 and P < 0.01), but there was no statistical difference between other groups and the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The combined treatment of (S) DHPA and/or (RS)-DHPA and HBO has inhibitory effect on Japanese encephalitis virus infection in experimental mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the situation among Chinese patients with regard to infection with multiple strains of Helicobacter pylori. METHODS Biopsy specimens for culture of H. pylori were obtained from gastric antrum, body and fundus of 20 patients during endoscopic investigation of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. H. pylori was identified by culture from one site in 16 and two or more sites in 10 of the 16 patients. Five isolated colonies of six strains of H. pylori from gastric antrum were subcultured and used for further analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility to metronidazole and clarithromycin was determined by disk diffusion test. Protein profiles of isolates were compared by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). DNA diversity of the isolates was determined by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprinting. RESULTS Of the 10 patients with multiple isolates, 70% (7/10) exhibited variation in susceptibility to metronidazole and 20% (2/10) to clarithromycin between different sites. In 83% of (5/6) single colonies, no variability was seen in metronidazole and clarithromycin susceptibility; they were either susceptible or resistant. Protein profiles of all isolates by SDS-PAGE were similar. Isolates from different patients produced clearly different AP-PCR fingerprints. In 50% of H. pylori strains isolated from different sites of the stomach, genetic diversity was demonstrated by different AP-PCR fingerprints. In 67% (4/6) strains, five single-colony fingerprints were similar. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variability has been found in H. pylori strains. Individual patients are infected with a single predominant genotype at a single site but can be colonized by multiple strains, and they may show different antibiotic susceptibilities. Individual colonies of the H. pylori population from a single site may not always yield identical DNA fingerprints and antibiotic sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yakoob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
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12
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Liu CM, Tan DM, Ouyang K. [A comparative study of GRA1 gene between the two strains of different virulence of Toxoplasma gondii]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:587-8. [PMID: 12516416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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13
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Liu WE, Tan DM, Zhang Z. [A study of the autoimmune pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:367-70. [PMID: 12206004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
To explore the autoimmune pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection. Anti-GOR, antinuclear antibodies(ANA), thyroglobulin antibody(TGA), thyroid microsome antibody(TMA), serum levels of soluble Fas(sFas), and peripheral blood lymphocyte(PBMC) subsets and their apoptosis were measured in chronic HCV infection by using immunity assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that the positive rates of anti-GOR, ANA and TMA/TGA were significantly higher in chronic HCV-infected patients than those in normal controls(P < 0.01, respectively). In comparison with chronic HBV infected patients, anti-GOR and ANA were also significantly increased in chronic HCV infected patients(P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). The serum levels of sFas were significantly higher in chronic HCV infection than those in healthy donors(P < 0.01). The apoptosis percentage of PBMCs and CD3+ cell was all increased in chronic HCV infection (vs normal controls P < 0.05). However, the apoptosis percentages of CD4+ T and CD19+ B cells in PBMCs were significantly decreased in patients with anti-GOR positive as compared with anti-GOR negative(P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The results indicate that autoimmune reactions and the imbalance of lymphocyte apoptosis exist during chronic HCV infection. Decreasing of the apoptosis of CD4+ T and CD19+ B lymphocytes may be the important reasons for the mechanism of autoimmune pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. Increased serum levels of sFas may be responsible for the decrease of the apoptosis in a part of lymphocytes in chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410008
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14
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Abstract
To determine whether there is diversity among clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese patients with peptic ulcer disease, 40 strains of H. pylori were isolated from antral biopsy specimens obtained at the gastroenterology clinic of Xiangya Hospital from January 1996 to June 1998. Total protein profile by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and DNA diversity by polymerase chain reaction-random amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD) fingerprinting were performed with these isolates. All the isolates from peptic ulcer disease were relatively homogeneous in protein profiles, but they showed a great DNA sequence diversity by PCR-RAPD fingerprinting. In Chinese patients H. pylori demonstrated an enormous diversity. The diversity among clinical isolates of H. pylori could be distinctly demonstrated and this observation will be helpful in the management of intrafamilial and recurrent H. pylori infection. PCR-RAPD fingerprinting is an efficient method of distinguishing between clinical isolates of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yakoob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha, PR China.
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15
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Abstract
The imbalance of T-helper (Th) lymphocyte cytokine production may play an important role in immunopathogenesis of persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To know whether an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is present in chronic HCV infection, serum levels of Th1 cytokines, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-2, and Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in this study. Eighteen individuals with chronic HCV infection, 11 healthy subjects as normal controls and 10 chronic HBV infected patients as disease controls were observed. The results showed that the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were significantly increased in chronic HCV infected patients compared with normal controls (IL-4: 30.49+/-17.55 vs. 14.94+/-13.73, pg/ml, P<0.025; IL-10: 50.30+/-19.59 vs. 17.87+/-9.49, pg/ml, P<0.001). Similarly, the levels of Th1 cytokine, IL-2, was also elevated in individuals with chronic HCV infection when compared with normal controls (IL-2: 118.53+/-95.23 vs. 61.57+/-28.70, pg/ml, P<0.05). However, Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma level was not significantly changed during HCV infection (IFN-gamma: 28.09+/-15.65 vs. 24.10+/-15.61, pg/ml, P>0.05). Furthermore, the elevated levels of Th2 cytokines are greater than Th1 cytokines in HCV infection. Thus, the study indicates that an enhanced Th2 responses are present during chronic HCV infection, which may partly be responsible for the persistence of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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16
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Tan DM, Hu GL, Arima T, Zhang Z, Nanba T, Hatanaka T. Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of core and NS3 fragments of HCV from patients with HCV infection. Chin Med J (Engl) 1993; 106:522-6. [PMID: 8243124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragments of core and NS3 of hepatitis C virus-Hunan (HCV-Hun) were cloned by RT-PCR and gene recombinant techniques from blood samples collected in Hunan Province, China. In comparison with sequences of our samples with those of HCV-US and HCV-J, the homologies of nucleotides and amino acids were about 90%, indicating that fragments of core and NS3 of HCV-Hun were in a relative conserved region of HCV. Two fusion proteins containing the peptides coded by HCV core (MBP-HCV core) and HCV. NS3 (MBP-HCV. NS3-Gal) were expressed by Escherichia Coli with recombinant plasmids. The specific HCV antigenicity of the two fusion proteins were identified by western blotting. Therefore, MBP-HCV. core and MBP-HCV.NS3-Gal were found useful for anti-HCV assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha
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17
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Tan DM. [Molecular cloning and sequencing of hepatitis C virus gene from human blood]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1993; 73:332-4, 379-80. [PMID: 8258100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To clone and characterize hepatitis C virus strain in China, we extracted RNA from the pooled plasma of persons with HCV infection in Hunan, China. HCV gene was amplified and cloned by RT-PCR and gene recombinant techniques. A total of 2,307 nucleotides of the complementary DNA clones of HCV (HCV-Hun), including the clone of 5' noncoding region (311bp), core region (340bp), envelope region (397bp), NS1 region (634bp), NS3 region (245bp), and NS5 region (380bp) were isolated and identified. The homologies in nucleotide sequence between HCV-Hun and HCV-US or HCV-J were 98.1% and 98.7% respectively in 5' noncoding region; 92.6% and 97.4% in core region; 74.3% and 88.7% in envelope region; 83.5% and 91.0% in NS1 region; 82.9% and 94.7% in NS3 region; and 74.8% and 90.1% in NS5 region. The similar results were seen in deduced amino acid sequence homologies between above HCV stains. These findings indicate that HCV-Hun were more mimic to HCV-J than HCV-US, and there were considerable heterogeneity in hepatitis C virus genomes isolated from different areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha
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18
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Tan DM, Hu GL, Zhang Z. [Detection of serum antibody against hepatitis C virus in patients with hepatitis and liver diseases]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1992; 31:268-70, 316. [PMID: 1282451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was tested in 658 cases of hepatitis and liver diseases with ELISA, ninety of these cases were positive, with a total infection rate of 13.68% (90/658). The positive rate of anti-HCV was highest in patients with chronic severe hepatitis (33.78%) and CAH accompanied by cirrhosis of liver(31.58%). The infection rate in other types of hepatic diseases in order of frequency was as follows: fulminant hepatitis (18.18%), CAH without cirrhosis (15.13%), subacute severe hepatitis (13.43%), CPH (5.88%), primary hepatocellular carcinoma (3.85%), and acute hepatitis (2.42%). Serological markers of HBV infection were detectable concomitantly in 77 of the 90 cases who were anti-HCV positive, but there was no evidence of mutual inhibition of viral replication. There was neither appreciable difference in the level of hyperbilirubinemia in cases of hepatitis with or without anti-HCV, nor significant diversity in the number of death between cases of severe hepatitis with and without anti-HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University
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19
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Pitetti KH, Tan DM. Effects of a minimally supervised exercise program for mentally retarded adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991; 23:594-601. [PMID: 2072838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous exercise studies that attempted to improve the cardiovascular fitness (CVF) of mentally retarded (MR) adults were flawed with methodological shortcomings that prevented conclusive results. At issue in these training studies were fitness test validity and reliability, exactness of duration and intensity of training, and an inordinate amount of supervision. Therefore, we sought to determine whether moderately MR adults (seven males, five females; IQ = 61 +/- 3, age = 25 +/- 3 yr) could improve their CVF through a minimally supervised 16-wk training program. Each subject repeated exercise tests twice on two different modes of exercise, the treadmill (TM) and Schwinn Air-Dyne ergometer (SAE), before training to ensure validity and reliability of initial CVF levels. Intensity and frequency of exercise were closely monitored. An observer was present during the training bouts, but, following initial instructions, no additional encouragement or instructions were given. Although the training program significantly increased peak VO2 (29.2 +/- 8 to 33.5 +/- 9 ml.kg-1.min-1) and peak ventilation (73 +/- 26 to 81 +/- 231.min-1) when assessed on the TM, significant changes in these same parameters were not seen when assessed on the SAE. The importance of these results was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Pitetti
- Department of Health, Administration, and Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Wichita State University, KS 67208-1595
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Pitetti KH, Tan DM. Cardiorespiratory responses of mentally retarded adults to air-brake ergometry and treadmill exercise. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990; 71:318-21. [PMID: 2327884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The graded treadmill (TM) exercise test is considered the optimal mode of exercise for evaluating the cardiovascular fitness of mentally retarded (MR) individuals. A new mode of exercise, the Schwinn Air-Dyne ergometer (SAE), was evaluated and compared to the TM for determining the cardiovascular fitness of adults. Twelve MR adults performed maximal exercise tests to volitional exhaustion, on separate days, on the SAE and TM. Maximal heart rates, oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and respiratory quotient were similar for both exercise tests. These results indicate that the SAE is comparable to TM exercise in assessing the cardiovascular capacity of MR adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Pitetti
- College of Health Professions, Wichita State University, KS 67208-1595
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