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Gil-Lespinard M, Almanza-Aguilera E, Castañeda J, Guiñón-Fort D, Eriksen AK, Tjønneland A, Rothwell JA, Shah S, Cadeau C, Katzke V, Johnson T, Schulze MB, Oliverio A, Pasanisi F, Tumino R, Manfredi L, Masala G, Skeie G, Lundblad MW, Brustad M, Lasheras C, Crous-Bou M, Molina-Montes E, Colorado-Yohar S, Guevara M, Amiano P, Johansson I, Hultdin J, Forouhi NG, Freisling H, Merdas M, Debras C, Heath AK, Aglago EK, Aune D, Zamora-Ros R. Plasma Concentration of 36 (Poly)phenols and Prospective Body Weight Change in Participants from the EPIC Cohort. Ann Nutr Metab 2024; 80:87-100. [PMID: 38272006 PMCID: PMC10997261 DOI: 10.1159/000535803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary intake of (poly)phenols has been linked to reduced adiposity and body weight (BW) in several epidemiological studies. However, epidemiological evidence on (poly)phenol biomarkers, particularly plasma concentrations, is scarce. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma (poly)phenols and prospective BW change in participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS This study included 761 participants with data on BW at baseline and after 5 years of follow-up. Plasma concentrations of 36 (poly)phenols were measured at baseline using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations were assessed through general linear mixed models and multinomial logistic regression models, using change in BW as a continuous or as a categorical variable (BW loss, maintenance, gain), respectively. Plasma (poly)phenols were assessed as log2-transformed continuous variables. The false discovery rate (FDR) was used to control for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Doubling plasma (poly)phenol concentrations showed a borderline trend towards a positive association with BW loss. Plasma vanillic acid showed the strongest association (-0.53 kg/5 years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.99, -0.07). Similar results were observed for plasma naringenin comparing BW loss versus BW maintenance (odds ratio: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2). These results did not remain significant after FDR correction. CONCLUSION Higher concentrations of plasma (poly)phenols suggested a tendency towards 5-year BW maintenance or loss. While certain associations seemed promising, they did not withstand FDR correction, indicating the need for caution in interpreting these results. Further studies using (poly)phenol biomarkers are needed to confirm these suggestive protective trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gil-Lespinard
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jazmín Castañeda
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Guiñón-Fort
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph A. Rothwell
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health” Team, University of Paris-Saclay, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ), Villejuif, France
| | - Sanam Shah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health” Team, University of Paris-Saclay, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ), Villejuif, France
| | - Claire Cadeau
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health” Team, University of Paris-Saclay, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ), Villejuif, France
| | - Verena Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research (AIRE-ONLUS), Ragusa, Italy
| | - Luca Manfredi
- Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C-BEPH), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovana Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Magritt Brustad
- Department of Community Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sandra Colorado-Yohar
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marcela Guevara
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mira Merdas
- Nutrition and Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Charlotte Debras
- Nutrition and Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Alicia K. Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elom K. Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Food Innovation Network (XIA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Almanza-Aguilera E, Guiñón-Fort D, Perez-Cornago A, Martínez-Huélamo M, Andrés-Lacueva C, Tjønneland A, Eriksen AK, Katzke V, Bajracharya R, Schulze MB, Masala G, Oliverio A, Tumino R, Manfredi L, Lasheras C, Crous-Bou M, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Colorado-Yohar SM, Guevara M, Sonestedt E, Bjartell A, Thysell E, Weiderpass E, Aune D, Aglago EK, Travis RC, Zamora-Ros R. Intake of the Total, Classes, and Subclasses of (Poly)Phenols and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Analysis of the EPIC Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4067. [PMID: 37627095 PMCID: PMC10452452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing epidemiological evidence regarding the potential role of (poly)phenol intake in prostate cancer (PCa) risk is scarce and, in the case of flavonoids, it has been suggested that their intake may increase PCa risk. We investigated the associations between the intake of the total and individual classes and subclasses of (poly)phenols and the risk of PCa, including clinically relevant subtypes. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort included 131,425 adult men from seven European countries. (Poly)phenol intake at baseline was assessed by combining validated center/country-specific dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In total, 6939 incident PCa cases (including 3501 low-grade and 710 high-grade, 2446 localized and 1268 advanced, and 914 fatal Pca cases) were identified during a mean follow-up of 14 years. No associations were observed between the total intake of (poly)phenols and the risk of PCa, either overall (HRlog2 = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04) or according to PCa subtype. Null associations were also found between all classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes) and subclasses of (poly)phenol intake and the risk of PCa, overall and according to PCa subtype. The results of the current large prospective cohort study do not support any association between (poly)phenol intake and PCa incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (E.A.-A.); (D.G.-F.); (M.C.-B.)
| | - Daniel Guiñón-Fort
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (E.A.-A.); (D.G.-F.); (M.C.-B.)
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (A.P.-C.); (R.C.T.)
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Food Innovation Network (XIA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-H.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Food Innovation Network (XIA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-H.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.T.); (A.K.E.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2177 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Eriksen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.T.); (A.K.E.)
| | - Verena Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Rashmita Bajracharya
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network—ISPRO, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research (AIRE-ONLUS), 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Luca Manfredi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (E.A.-A.); (D.G.-F.); (M.C.-B.)
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Granada Cancer Registry, Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (S.M.C.-Y.); (M.G.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (S.M.C.-Y.); (M.G.)
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
- Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, BioGipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sandra M. Colorado-Yohar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (S.M.C.-Y.); (M.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30003 Murcia, Spain
- Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (S.M.C.-Y.); (M.G.)
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | | | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (D.A.); (E.K.A.)
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elom K. Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; (D.A.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (A.P.-C.); (R.C.T.)
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (E.A.-A.); (D.G.-F.); (M.C.-B.)
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Almanza-Aguilera E, Davila-Cordova E, Guiñón-Fort D, Farràs M, Masala G, Santucci de Magistris M, Baldassari I, Tumino R, Padroni L, Katzke VA, Schulze MB, Scalbert A, Zamora-Ros R. Correlation Analysis between Dietary Intake of Tyrosols and Their Food Sources and Urinary Excretion of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol in a European Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:715. [PMID: 36978963 PMCID: PMC10044744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the correlations between the acute and habitual intake of dietary tyrosols, their main food sources, and 24 h urine excretions of tyrosol (Tyr) and hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr) in participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC). Participants (n = 419) were healthy men and women aged from 34 to 73 years from 8 EPIC centers belonging to France, Italy, and Germany. Acute and habitual dietary data were collected using a standardized 24 h dietary recall software and validated country-specific dietary questionnaires, respectively. The intake of 13 dietary tyrosols was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. Excretions of Tyr and OHTyr in a single 24 h urine sample were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary excretions of Tyr, OHTyr, and their sum (Tyr + OHTyr) correlated more strongly with their corresponding acute (rhopartial~0.63) rather than habitual intakes (rhopartial~0.47). In addition, individual and combined urinary excretions of Tyr and OHTyr were weakly to moderately correlated with the acute and habitual intake of other individual tyrosol precursors (rhopartial = 0.10-0.44) and especially with major food sources, such as wine (rhopartial = 0.41-0.58), olive oil (rhopartial = 0.25-0.44), and beer (rhopartial = 0.14-0.23). Urinary Tyr + OHTyr excretions were similarly correlated with the acute intake of total tyrosols but differently correlated with food sources among countries. Based on these results, we conclude that 24 h urinary excretions of Tyr + OHTyr could be proposed as biomarkers of total tyrosol intake, preferably for acute intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Estefanía Davila-Cordova
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel Guiñón-Fort
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 50139 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - Lisa Padroni
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University, Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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