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Eze S, Magilton M, Magnone D, Varga S, Gould I, Mercer TG, Goddard MR. Meta-analysis of global soil data identifies robust indicators for short-term changes in soil organic carbon stock following land use change. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160484. [PMID: 36436632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The restoration of degraded lands and minimizing the degradation of productive lands are at the forefront of many environmental land management schemes around the world. A key indicator of soil productivity is soil organic carbon (SOC), which influences the provision of most soil ecosystem services. A major challenge in direct measurement of changes in SOC stock is that it is difficult to detect within a short timeframe relevant to land managers. In this study, we sought to identify suitable early indicators of changes in SOC stock and their drivers. A meta-analytical approach was used to synthesize global data on the impacts of arable land conversion to other uses on total SOC stock, 12 different SOC fractions and three soil structural properties. The conversion of arable lands to forests and grasslands accounted for 91 % of the available land use change datasets used for the meta-analysis and were mostly from Asia and Europe. Land use change from arable lands led to 50 % (32-68 %) mean increase in both labile (microbial biomass C and particulate organic C - POC) and passive (microaggregate, 53-250 μm diameter; and small macroaggregate, 250-2000 μm diameter) SOC fractions as well as soil structural stability. There was also 37 % (24-50 %) mean increase in total SOC stock in the experimental fields where the various SOC fractions were measured. Only the POC and the organic carbon stored in small macroaggregates had strong correlation with total SOC: our findings reveal these two SOC fractions were predominantly controlled by biomass input to the soil rather than climatic factors and are thus suitable candidate indicators of short-term changes in total SOC stock. Further field studies are recommended to validate the predictive power of the equations we developed in this study and the use of the SOC metrics under different land use change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Eze
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK.
| | - Matthew Magilton
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK
| | - Daniel Magnone
- Department of Geography, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK; Lincoln Centre for Ecological Justice, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK
| | - Sandra Varga
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK; Lincoln Centre for Ecological Justice, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK
| | - Iain Gould
- Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK
| | - Theresa G Mercer
- Department of Geography, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK; Lincoln Centre for Ecological Justice, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK
| | - Matthew R Goddard
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, LN6 7DL Lincoln, UK
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Magnone D, Niasar VJ, Bouwman AF, Beusen AHW, van der Zee SEATM, Sattari SZ. The impact of phosphorus on projected Sub-Saharan Africa food security futures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6471. [PMID: 36309491 PMCID: PMC9617890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa must urgently improve food security. Phosphorus availability is one of the major barriers to this due to low historical agricultural use. Shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) indicate that only a sustainable (SSP1) or a fossil fuelled future (SSP5) can improve food security (in terms of price, availability, and risk of hunger) whilst nationalistic (SSP3) and unequal (SSP4) pathways worsen food security. Furthermore, sustainable SSP1 requires limited cropland expansion and low phosphorus use whilst the nationalistic SSP3 is as environmentally damaging as the fossil fuelled pathway. The middle of the road future (SSP2) maintains today's inadequate food security levels only by using approximately 440 million tonnes of phosphate rock. Whilst this is within the current global reserve estimates the market price alone for a commonly used fertiliser (DAP) would cost US$ 130 ± 25 billion for agriculture over the period 2020 to 2050 and the farmgate price could be two to five times higher due to additional costs (e.g. transport, taxation etc.). Thus, to improve food security, economic growth within a sustainability context (SSP1) and the avoidance of nationalist ideology (SSP3) should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Magnone
- grid.36511.300000 0004 0420 4262University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Vahid J. Niasar
- grid.5379.80000000121662407University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander F. Bouwman
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.437426.00000 0001 0616 8355PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Arthur H. W. Beusen
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands ,grid.437426.00000 0001 0616 8355PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, Netherlands
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Richards LA, Fox BG, Bowes MJ, Khamis K, Kumar A, Kumari R, Kumar S, Hazra M, Howard B, Thorn RMS, Read DS, Nel HA, Schneidewind U, Armstrong LK, Nicholls DJE, Magnone D, Ghosh A, Chakravorty B, Joshi H, Dutta TK, Hannah DM, Reynolds DM, Krause S, Gooddy DC, Polya DA. A systematic approach to understand hydrogeochemical dynamics in large river systems: Development and application to the River Ganges (Ganga) in India. Water Res 2022; 211:118054. [PMID: 35066262 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large river systems, such as the River Ganges (Ganga), provide crucial water resources for the environment and society, yet often face significant challenges associated with cumulative impacts arising from upstream environmental and anthropogenic influences. Understanding the complex dynamics of such systems remains a major challenge, especially given accelerating environmental stressors including climate change and urbanization, and due to limitations in data and process understanding across scales. An integrated approach is required which robustly enables the hydrogeochemical dynamics and underpinning processes impacting water quality in large river systems to be explored. Here we develop a systematic approach for improving the understanding of hydrogeochemical dynamics and processes in large river systems, and apply this to a longitudinal survey (> 2500 km) of the River Ganges (Ganga) and key tributaries in the Indo-Gangetic basin. This framework enables us to succinctly interpret downstream water quality trends in response to the underpinning processes controlling major element hydrogeochemistry across the basin, based on conceptual water source signatures and dynamics. Informed by a 2019 post-monsoonal survey of 81 river bank-side sampling locations, the spatial distribution of a suite of selected physico-chemical and inorganic parameters, combined with segmented linear regression, reveals minor and major downstream hydrogeochemical transitions. We use this information to identify five major hydrogeochemical zones, characterized, in part, by the inputs of key tributaries, urban and agricultural areas, and estuarine inputs near the Bay of Bengal. Dominant trends are further explored by investigating geochemical relationships (e.g. Na:Cl, Ca:Na, Mg:Na, Sr:Ca and NO3:Cl), and how water source signatures and dynamics are modified by key processes, to assess the relative importance of controls such as dilution, evaporation, water-rock interactions (including carbonate and silicate weathering) and anthropogenic inputs. Mixing/dilution between sources and water-rock interactions explain most regional trends in major ion chemistry, although localized controls plausibly linked to anthropogenic activities are also evident in some locations. Temporal and spatial representativeness of river bank-side sampling are considered by supplementary sampling across the river at selected locations and via comparison to historical records. Limitations of such large-scale longitudinal sampling programs are discussed, as well as approaches to address some of these inherent challenges. This approach brings new, systematic insight into the basin-wide controls on the dominant geochemistry of the River Ganga, and provides a framework for characterising dominant hydrogeochemical zones, processes and controls, with utility to be transferable to other large river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Bethany G Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Bowes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Khamis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Rupa Kumari
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Sumant Kumar
- Groundwater Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Moushumi Hazra
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ben Howard
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M S Thorn
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S Read
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Nel
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Schneidewind
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Linda K Armstrong
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - David J E Nicholls
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Magnone
- School of Geography, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | | | - Himanshu Joshi
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12 C.I.T Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - David M Hannah
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Darren M Reynolds
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Richards LA, Magnone D, Sültenfuß J, Chambers L, Bryant C, Boyce AJ, van Dongen BE, Ballentine CJ, Sovann C, Uhlemann S, Kuras O, Gooddy DC, Polya DA. Dual in-aquifer and near surface processes drive arsenic mobilization in Cambodian groundwaters. Sci Total Environ 2019; 659:699-714. [PMID: 31096400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people globally, and particularly in South and Southeast Asia, face chronic exposure to arsenic from reducing groundwaters in which. Arsenic release to is widely attributed largely to reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron minerals, driven by metal reducing bacteria using bioavailable organic matter as an electron donor. However, the nature of the organic matter implicated in arsenic mobilization, and the location within the subsurface where these processes occur, remains debated. In a high resolution study of a largely pristine, shallow aquifer in Kandal Province, Cambodia, we have used a complementary suite of geochemical tracers (including 14C, 3H, 3He, 4He, Ne, δ18O, δD, CFCs and SF6) to study the evolution in arsenic-prone shallow reducing groundwaters along dominant flow paths. The observation of widespread apparent 3H-3He ages of <55years fundamentally challenges some previous models which concluded that groundwater residence times were on the order of hundreds of years. Surface-derived organic matter is transported to depths of >30m, and the relationships between age-related tracers and arsenic suggest that this surface-derived organic matter is likely to contribute to in-aquifer arsenic mobilization. A strong relationship between 3H-3He age and depth suggests the dominance of a vertical hydrological control with an overall vertical flow velocity of ~0.4±0.1m·yr-1 across the field area. A calculated overall groundwater arsenic accumulation rate of ~0.08±0.03μM·yr-1 is broadly comparable to previous estimates from other researchers for similar reducing aquifers in Bangladesh. Although apparent arsenic groundwater accumulation rates varied significantly with site (e.g. between sand versus clay dominated sequences), rates are generally highest near the surface, perhaps reflecting the proximity to the redox cline and/or depth-dependent characteristics of the OM pool, and confounded by localized processes such as continued in-aquifer mobilization, sorption/desorption, and methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Daniel Magnone
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jürgen Sültenfuß
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Lee Chambers
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Charlotte Bryant
- NERC Radiocarbon Facility, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK
| | - Adrian J Boyce
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK
| | - Bart E van Dongen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher J Ballentine
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chansopheaktra Sovann
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sebastian Uhlemann
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Oliver Kuras
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David A Polya
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Magnone D, Richards LA, Polya DA, Bryant C, Jones M, van Dongen BE. Biomarker-indicated extent of oxidation of plant-derived organic carbon (OC) in relation to geomorphology in an arsenic contaminated Holocene aquifer, Cambodia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13093. [PMID: 29026193 PMCID: PMC5638849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The poisoning of rural populations in South and Southeast Asia due to high groundwater arsenic concentrations is one of the world’s largest ongoing natural disasters. It is important to consider environmental processes related to the release of geogenic arsenic, including geomorphological and organic geochemical processes. Arsenic is released from sediments when iron-oxide minerals, onto which arsenic is adsorbed or incorporated, react with organic carbon (OC) and the OC is oxidised. In this study we build a new geomorphological framework for Kandal Province, a highly studied arsenic affected region of Cambodia, and tie this into wider regional environmental change throughout the Holocene. Analyses shows that the concentration of OC in the sediments is strongly inversely correlated to grainsize. Furthermore, the type of OC is also related to grain size with the clay containing mostly (immature) plant derived OC and sand containing mostly thermally mature derived OC. Finally, analyses indicate that within the plant derived OC relative oxidation is strongly grouped by stratigraphy with the older bound OC more oxidised than younger OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Magnone
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,School of Geography, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A Richards
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A Polya
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Bryant
- NERC Radiocarbon Facility, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, G75 OQF, United Kingdom
| | - Merren Jones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Bart E van Dongen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. .,Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Magnone D, Bouwman AF, van der Zee SE, Sattari SZ, Beusen AH, Niasar VJ. Efficiency of phosphorus resource use in Africa as defined by soil chemistry and the impact on crop production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Richards LA, Magnone D, Sovann C, Kong C, Uhlemann S, Kuras O, van Dongen BE, Ballentine CJ, Polya DA. High resolution profile of inorganic aqueous geochemistry and key redox zones in an arsenic bearing aquifer in Cambodia. Sci Total Environ 2017; 590-591:540-553. [PMID: 28285858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwaters in South and Southeast Asia is a major threat to public health. In order to better understand the geochemical controls on the mobility of arsenic in a heavily arsenic-affected aquifer in northern Kandal Province, Cambodia, key changes in inorganic aqueous geochemistry have been monitored at high vertical and lateral resolution along dominant groundwater flow paths along two distinct transects. The two transects are characterized by differing geochemical, hydrological and lithological conditions. Arsenic concentrations in groundwater are highly heterogenous, and are broadly positively associated with iron and negatively associated with sulfate and dissolved oxygen. The observed correlations are generally consistent with arsenic mobilization by reductive-dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides. Key redox zones, as identified using groupings of the PHREEQC model equilibrium electron activity of major redox couples (notably ammonium/nitrite; ammonium/nitrate; nitrite/nitrate; dissolved oxygen/water) have been identified and vary with depth, site and season. Mineral saturation is also characterized. Seasonal changes in groundwater chemistry were observed in areas which were (i) sandy and of high permeability; (ii) in close proximity to rivers; and/or (iii) in close proximity to ponds. Such changes are attributed to monsoonal-driven surface-groundwater interactions and are consistent with the separate provenance of recharge sources as identified using stable isotope mixing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Daniel Magnone
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chansopheaktra Sovann
- Department of Environmental Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chivuth Kong
- Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sebastian Uhlemann
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK; ETH Zurich, Institute of Geophysics, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kuras
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Bart E van Dongen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - David A Polya
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Richards LA, Sültenfuß J, Ballentine CJ, Magnone D, van Dongen BE, Sovann C, Polya DA. Tritium Tracers of Rapid Surface Water Ingression into Arsenic-bearing Aquifers in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Arnold T, Jackson AJ, Sanchez-Fernandez A, Magnone D, Terry AE, Edler KJ. Surfactant Behavior of Sodium Dodecylsulfate in Deep Eutectic Solvent Choline Chloride/Urea. Langmuir 2015; 31:12894-12902. [PMID: 26540438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) resemble ionic liquids but are formed from an ionic mixture instead of being a single ionic compound. Here we present some results that demonstrate that surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) remains surface-active and shows self-assembly phenomena in the most commonly studied DES, choline chloride/urea. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) suggest that the behavior is significantly different from that in water. Our SANS data supports our determination of the critical micelle concentration using surface-tension measurements and suggests that the micelles formed in DES do not have the same shape and size as those seen in water. Reflectivity measurements have also demonstrated that the surfactants remain surface-active below this concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arnold
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 ODE, U.K
| | - A J Jackson
- European Spallation Source, Lund 221 00, Sweden
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Lund University , SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Sanchez-Fernandez
- European Spallation Source, Lund 221 00, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - D Magnone
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 ODE, U.K
| | - A E Terry
- ISIS Spallation Neutron Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 ODE, U.K
| | - K J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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