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Yoneda T, Lozinski T, Turiano N, Booth T, Graham EK, Mroczek D, Muniz Terrera G. The Big Five personality traits and allostatic load in middle to older adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105145. [PMID: 36996993 PMCID: PMC10106433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Further understanding of the associations between personality traits and allostatic load (AL) may be important for predicting, addressing, and optimizing health outcomes. This review synthesized the existing literature reporting the association between the Big Five personality traits and AL in adults to identify the generalizability and robustness of relationships, potential mechanisms underlying the associations, and study characteristics that may be contributing to inconsistencies in the field. Published and unpublished empirical reports were included if at least one of the Big Five traits was examined and an AL index was constructed using at least two biomarkers in a sample of adults. The methodological plan and standardized coding guide were pre-registered and reported (https://osf.io/rxw5a). Based on 11 studies that met eligibility, meta-analysis of correlation coefficients indicated a small but significant positive association between neuroticism and AL, and small but significant inverse associations between both conscientiousness and openness with AL. This review identifies strengths and limitations within the field, as well as several avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiko Yoneda
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USA.
| | | | | | - Tom Booth
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eileen K Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz Terrera
- Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA; Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Yoneda T, Graham E, Lozinski T, Bennett DA, Mroczek D, Piccinin AM, Hofer SM, Muniz-Terrera G. Personality traits, cognitive states, and mortality in older adulthood. J Pers Soc Psychol 2023; 124:381-395. [PMID: 35404649 PMCID: PMC9550879 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that personality traits are associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and mortality risk, but the timing of when traits are most important in the progression to dementia and the extent to which they are associated with years of cognitive health span are unclear. This project applied secondary data analysis to the Rush Memory and Aging Project (N = 1954; baseline Mage = 80 years; 74% female) over up to 23 annual assessments. Multistate survival modeling examined the extent to which conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion, assessed using the NEO Five Factor Inventory, were associated with transitions between cognitive status categories and death. Additionally, multinomial regression models estimated cognitive health span and total survival based on standard deviation units of personality traits. Adjusting for demographics, depressive symptoms, and apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4, personality traits were most important in the transition from no cognitive impairment (NCI) to MCI. For instance, higher conscientiousness was associated with a decreased risk of transitioning from NCI to MCI, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78, 95% CI [0.72, 0.85] and higher neuroticism was associated with an increased risk of transitioning from NCI to MCI, HR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.04, 1.21]. Additional significant and nonsignificant results are discussed in the context of the existing literature. While personality traits were not associated with total longevity, individuals higher in conscientiousness and extraversion, and lower in neuroticism, had more years of cognitive health span, particularly female participants. These findings provide novel understanding of the simultaneous associations between personality traits and transitions between cognitive status categories and death, as well as cognitive health span and total longevity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University
| | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University
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Jackson K, Wilroth E, Luo J, James B, Ong A, Bennett D, Mroczek D, Graham E. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN LONELINESS AND COGNITIVE RESILIENCE TO NEUROPATHY IN OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9770630 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness in the aging population is a concern, as increased loneliness is associated with decreased cognitive function and increased neuropathology. Less is understood about the relationship between loneliness and cognitive resilience. Cognitive resilience is defined as the discordance between a person’s actual and expected cognition given their neuropathology and can be estimated by extracting residuals from a model regressing cognition on neuropathology. Using data from two longitudinal aging cohorts (MAP/MARS), we estimated cognitive resilience proximate to death and cognitive resilience over time to use as the key outcomes. We then regressed these two cognitive resilience indicators onto loneliness level and slope. Higher baseline loneliness and increasing loneliness over time were both associated with lower cognitive resilience. Our results suggest that loneliness should be included into resilience-based prevention models, and interventions aimed at optimizing cognitive function across older adulthood should include loneliness reduction as a potential area of focus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Wilroth
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Bryan James
- Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anthony Ong
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | | | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Willroth E, James B, Graham E, Kapasi A, Bennett D, Mroczek D. WELL-BEING AND RESILIENCE TO DEMENTIA-RELATED NEUROPATHOLOGY. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9770573 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all older adults with dementia-related neuropathology in their brains experience cognitive decline or impairment. Instead, some people maintain relatively normal cognitive functioning despite neuropathologic burden, a phenomenon called cognitive resilience. Using a longitudinal, epidemiological, clinical-pathologic cohort study (N=349), the present research investigated associations between well-being and cognitive resilience. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, higher eudaimonic well-being (i.e., Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale) and higher hedonic well-being (i.e., Satisfaction with Life Scale) were associated with better-than-expected cognitive functioning and less-than-expected cognitive decline relative to one’s neuropathological burden (i.e., beta-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies, vascular pathologies, hippocampal sclerosis, and TDP-43). The association of eudaimonic well-being in particular was present above and beyond known cognitive resilience factors (i.e., socioeconomic status, education, cognitive activity, low neuroticism, low depression) and dementia risk factors (i.e., ApoE genotype, medical comorbidities). This research highlights the importance of considering eudaimonic well-being in efforts to prevent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Willroth
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Bryan James
- Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Alifiya Kapasi
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Atherton O, Graham E, Spiro A, Schulz M, Waldinger R, Mroczek D, Lee L. TO WHAT EXTENT IS THERE INTERGENERATIONAL CONTINUITY IN EARLY-LIFE STRESSORS? Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9765188 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior work has investigated the correlates and consequences of early life stress within a person’s lifetime, but less is known about whether early life stressors are sustained across generations. Using multi-generational data from 1,312 offspring and their fathers (N = 518 families), we examined the extent to which there is intergenerational continuity in childhood social class, childhood home atmosphere, parent-child relationship quality, and childhood health, as well as whether person-level and family-level factors strengthen (or weaken) intergenerational continuity. Results suggest notable intergenerational continuity in childhood social class, but no continuity in childhood home atmosphere, parent-child relationship quality, or childhood health. Moreover, the intergenerational continuity of early life stressors was modified by father education level and education mobility, such that low education level conferred risks, and upward education mobility conferred benefits, for offspring adverse experiences. We discuss broader implications of the findings for future research, clinical interventions, and social policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Avron Spiro
- Boston University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marc Schulz
- Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lewina Lee
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Luo J, Zhang B, Graham E, Mroczek D. DOES PERSONALITY ALWAYS MATTER? EXAMINING THE MODERATING EFFECT OF AGE ON THE PERSONALITY-HEALTH LINK. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9770306 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research examined how the associations between the level and changes in the Big Five personality traits and different types of health outcomes (self-rated, physical, cognitive, and physiological health outcomes) differ across ages over the lifespan (Sample 1, age range: 15-100) and during the aging process (Sample 2, age range: 50-109) in particular. Using data from the two large longitudinal studies, we observed three important patterns based on the results. First, levels and changes in personality traits demonstrated substantial effects on health across different life phases, with the effects observed even in very old ages. Second, overall, the prospective relations between personality traits/changes in personality traits and health outcomes increased in strength in mid adulthood and/or early stages of late adulthood; however, the strength of their connections diminished in very old ages. Finally, there were some trait-specific and health outcome-specific patterns in the age-differential associations between personality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Willroth E, Luo J, Graham E, Antic M, Lopes M, Spiro A, Mroczek D, Lee L. EARLY-LIFE STRESSORS, ADULT AFFECTIVE REACTIVITY TO DAILY STRESSORS, AND MORTALITY RISK. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9765207 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stressors in childhood is theorized to sensitize individuals to stressors experienced later in life. One way that stress sensitization might manifest is through greater affective reactivity to daily stressors. In turn, greater affective reactivity to daily stressors has been associated with poorer health and increased mortality risk. The present pre-registered investigation tested greater affective reactivity to daily stressors in later life as a potential mediator of the association between early life stressors and mortality risk in a sample of 144 men from the VA Normative Aging Study. Partially consistent with our hypotheses, greater early life psychosocial stressors were associated with greater positive (but not negative) affective reactivity to daily stressors in later life. However, neither early life psychosocial stressors nor affective reactivity to daily stressors were significant predictors of mortality risk. We will discuss implications of these findings for theories of stress experience across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Willroth
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mina Antic
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maria Lopes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Avron Spiro
- Boston University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lewina Lee
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Katz D, Kuperberg M, Kamali M, George N, Mroczek D, Bastarache E, Stephan N, Nierenberg AA, Sylvia L. Decreased Psychological Well-Being in Patients With Bipolar Disorder in Remission. J Psychiatr Pract 2022; 28:445-453. [PMID: 36355583 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goals of this study were to introduce psychological well-being as an important subject of inquiry in bipolar disorder, to compare well-being in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder with that of a normative sample, and to assess whether common measures of well-being and mood measure empirically distinct phenomena. METHODS Participants were outpatients with bipolar I disorder in remission (N=37) from the Enhancing Emotion Regulation in Bipolar Disorder (EERBD) study and a matched community normative sample from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey (N=6297). The Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) was used to measure psychological well-being. We calculated means and SD of scores on the PWBS and evaluated the differences between the scores of the bipolar I and community samples. We also tested the association between raw and change scores in depression [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D)] and eudaimonic well-being (PWBS) using Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS The MIDUS survey sample (N=6297) was 48% male, with a mean age of 47 years (SD=13 y). The EERBD sample (N=37) was 27% male, with a mean age of 41 years (SD=11 y). In the bipolar sample, the baseline mean score on the HAM-D was 12.7 (SD=6.0) and the mean score on the Young Mania Rating Scale was 6.1 (SD=6.2). The baseline mean sum score on the PWBS in the normative community MIDUS sample was 100 (SD=14), while that of the bipolar I EERBD sample was 79 (SD=15) at baseline, 84 (SD=13) posttreatment, and 84 (SD=12) at the 3-month follow-up assessment. The effect sizes of the differences at all timepoints were large (Hedges g=1.42 at baseline, 1.11 at the end of treatment, and 1.06 at the 3-mo follow-up). No association was found between the PWBS and depression scores. CONCLUSIONS Outpatients with bipolar disorder in remission demonstrated substantially impaired psychological well-being, despite low levels of depressive symptoms, compared with a normative community sample.
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Balakrishnan A, Bailey S, Mroczek D, Serper M, Ladner D, Wolf M. Describing Predictors Of Regimen Nonadherence Among Kidney Recipients Using Multiple Measures. Prog Transplant 2022; 32:226-232. [PMID: 35686344 DOI: 10.1177/15269248221107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Many kidney recipients struggle with medication adherence and are at greater risk for adverse post-transplant outcomes. Historically, research has focused on single immunosuppressants alone, though all medications within a prescribed regimen are essential for positive outcomes. Research question: Explore predictors of medication regimen nonadherence among a diverse sample of adult kidney recipients by using multiple measures of adherence. Design: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from an ongoing clinical trial that enrolled 234 kidney recipients from a large transplant center. We used linear and logit regression models to examine associations of demographic characteristics, social determinants of health, and clinical characteristics with (a) self-reported regimen adherence, measured by the Adherence Starts with Knowledge 12 scale, and (b) immunosuppressant adherence, captured by calculated risk score based on Tacrolimus measurements. Results: Kidney recipients with limited health literacy, overall poorer health, and higher levels of depression demonstrated significantly poorer regimen adherence. Recipients who had dual public/private insurance, took a greater number of medications, and had shorter time since transplant demonstrated significantly poorer immunosuppressant adherence. Conclusion: Social determinants (health literacy and insurance status), and clinical characteristics (overall health status, depression, number of medications, and time since transplant) played significant roles in regimen and immunosuppressant adherence among kidney recipients in our sample. Self-reported adherence, particularly in relation to full medication regimens, can highlight modifiable barriers that might otherwise be overlooked by focusing on adherence to a single immunosuppressant. Depression and health literacy can be assessed and addressed to improve adherence among adult kidney recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacy Bailey
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,370797Institute for Public Health and Medicine - Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,166948Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- 14640University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Ladner
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,12244Northwestern Feinberg Comprehensive Transplant Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Wolf
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,370797Institute for Public Health and Medicine - Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Willroth E, Mroczek D. Maintaining Sense of Purpose in Midlife Predicts Better Physical Health. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681953 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Having a sense of purpose in life is fundamental to psychological and physical well-being. Despite the myriad benefits of purpose, it may be difficult to hold onto purpose as people age and experience fewer future-oriented goals. The present research used reliable change indices to estimate change in sense of purpose during midlife in three diverse samples. On average, sense of purpose declined slightly with age in all three samples. Next, we used linear regression to examine associations between sense of purpose levels and sense of purpose change and later self-reported physical health outcomes. Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, higher sense of purpose predicted better health in the two larger samples and more positive sense of purpose trajectories better health in all three samples. Together, these findings suggest that both having a sense of purpose and holding onto it may be important for physical health in middle to older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Willroth
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Ong A, Graham E, Jackson K, Beck E, Luo J, Atherton O, Willroth E, Mroczek D. Advancing the Study of Loneliness and Health in Older Adults Through the Use of Integrative Data Analysis. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8969787 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent work has shown the importance of studying loneliness and social isolation across adulthood for understanding healthy aging. This project explored loneliness trajectories across multiple independent samples. Using coordinated IDA, we estimated and meta-analyzed identical multilevel growth models in loneliness using three samples (ELSA, SHARE, HRS). We found u-shaped change, suggesting that loneliness may decline from young adulthood to midlife, then increase after midlife. These trajectories were significant across all three datasets and not fully explained by demographics or depression. We found that divorce, widowhood, social isolation, and functional limitations were associated with higher overall loneliness. Additionally, divorce and functional limitations, and sex (being male) were associated with deeper dips in loneliness in midlife and steeper increases in old age. These findings suggest that loneliness increases across the second half of life and point to the need for evidence-based strategies for addressing social disparities in midlife and later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ong
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Emorie Beck
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Emily Willroth
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Pasquini G, Neubauer A, Eaton N, Clouston S, Graham E, Mroczek D, Scott S. Can Ecological Momentary Assessments Be Used as Daily Markers of Personality Traits? Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681943 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study hypothesized that select ecological momentary assessment (EMA) survey items are sensitive to day-to-day fluctuations in personality traits Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N). As part of the Einstein Aging Study, 312 older adults (Mage=76.96 years, SD=4.85 years, range=70-90 years) completed up to 5 EMA surveys per day for 16 days and a Big Five trait personality measure. Parallel two-factor multilevel confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for E (Daily-E; Trait-E) and N (Daily-N; Trait-N). The E model showed good fit (CFI=.95; TLI=.94; RMSEA=.02) and a significant correlation of .20 between Daily-E and Trait-E factors. The N model showed poor fit (CFI=.68; TLI=.61; RMSEA=.06). Results suggest EMA items can be used as daily markers of Extraversion, yet results are unclear for Neuroticism due to poor model fit. Daily markers of Extraversion can be used to detect fluctuations in personality traits across days that may predict long-term personality change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Nicholas Eaton
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Sean Clouston
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Stacey Scott
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
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Yoneda T, Marroig A, Willroth E, Graham E, Hofer S, Mroczek D, Muniz-Terrera G. A Coordinated Analysis Examining the Association Between Personality Traits and Cognitive Dispersion. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8681822 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cognitive dispersion is the degree of within-person variation in performance across cognitive tasks at the same testing occasion. Existing literature indicates that cognitive dispersion may be an early marker of poor brain health, dementia and mortality. Limited research, however, has examined individual differences in cognitive dispersion. Although personality traits are associated with individual differences in cognitive functioning, no research has examined personality and cognitive dispersion. In this project, we execute a pre-registered, coordinated analysis of seven diverse, international longitudinal studies of aging (Ntotal=33,581; mean age range=56.4-71.2) to investigate the extent to which the Big Five personality traits are associated with cognitive dispersion. For methodological approach, see /osf.io/wrnjq/. Cognitive dispersion scores were derived from cognitive test results, and independent linear regression models were fit independently in each study to examine personality traits as predictors of dispersion scores, adjusting for mean cognitive performance and socio-demographics (age, sex, education). Results from individual studies were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Results revealed minimal evidence for associations between cognitive dispersion and personality traits in independent analyses or in meta-analyses. Based on the meta-analytic estimates, only higher levels of openness were associated with greater cognitive dispersion. Mean cognitive scores were negatively associated with cognitive dispersion across the majority of studies, indicating that individuals with higher mean performance had less dispersed cognitive scores. Our study contributes to the replicability and transparency efforts characteristic of open science by pre-registering our study and drawing on the collaborative network of the Integrative Analysis of Longitudinal Studies of Aging and Dementia (IALSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiko Yoneda
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alejandra Marroig
- Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Instituto de Estadística, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Emily Willroth
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Scott Hofer
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Graham E, Jackson K, James B, Willroth E, Mroczek D. A Coordinated Analysis of the Associations Among Personality Traits, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8679397 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are considerable individual differences in the rates of cognitive decline across later adulthood. Personality traits are among the factors that may account for some of these differences. The current project investigated whether personality traits were associated with trajectories of cognitive decline, and whether the associations were different before and after dementia diagnosis. The data were analyzed using linear mixed effect regression models. Across study aims was a focus on replicability and generalizability. Each question was address in four independent longitudinal studies (EAS, MAP, ROS, SATSA), and then meta-analyzed using random effects meta-analysis, providing estimates of heterogeneity. As expected, we detected evidence for cognitive decline in all four samples. Results also indicated that neuroticism and openness were associated with total cognitive function. and openness was associated with decline post dementia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Bryan James
- Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Emily Willroth
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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15
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Mroczek D, Graham E, Willroth E. Openness and Transparency Promotion With Existing Longitudinal Data: A Worked Example of a Coordinated Analysis. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7740263 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of openness and transparency principles is challenging when using existing or ongoing long-term longitudinal data. One technique that promotes replicability and also is consistent with openness and transparency principles is coordinated analysis. Such analyses, especially when done with a large number of extant longitudinal datasets, tend to draw upon values of data sharing, revelation of code and scripts, and pre-registration. Thus coordinated analyses often provide good examples of how multiple transparency and openness values can come together. We will demonstrate this by presenting two recent large-scale coordinated analyses. One was a 15-study investigation of personality and mortality risk (Graham et al., 2017). The second is a new 16-study investigation of personality trajectories (Graham et al., under revision). We show how multi-study designs are congruent with open science and transparency ideas in the context of longitudinal and other secondary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Emily Willroth
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States
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Rush J, Willroth E, Graham E, Mroczek D, Almeida D. The Effect of Long-Term Changes in Daily Stress Processes on Prospective Health: An Application of Three-Level SEM. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7743694 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of change over time, contexts, cohorts, and people is influenced by the sampling of observations within longitudinal studies. Intensive measurement designs, embedded within long-term longitudinal studies, provide new opportunities to understand changes in dynamic processes, as well as determinants and consequences of these changes over time. The present investigation examined whether short-term dynamic associations accounted for individual differences in prospective health functioning. We used measurement burst data from the National Study of Daily Experiences subsample (N = 2485) embedded within the Midlife in the United States longitudinal study. Two measurement bursts were separated by ten years, with each containing daily measures of stress and affect across eight consecutive days. Functional health was measured by basic and instrumental activities of daily living at three measurement waves spanning 20 years. Three-level structural equation models were fit to simultaneously model short-term within-person associations between stress and affect (i.e., stress reactivity) and long-term changes in these associations over the ten year period. Individual differences in long-term changes of the short-term dynamic association predicted both basic and instrumental activities of daily living at 20 year follow-up (estimate = 5.26, SE = 2.54, p < .01; and estimate = 5.48, SE = 2.81, p < .01, respectively). These effects were present after adjusting for mean levels of both stress and affect. We highlight how characterizing individuals based on the strength of their within-person associations across multiple time scales can be informative in predicting distal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rush
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily Willroth
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Eileen Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - David Almeida
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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Yoneda T, Rush J, Terrera GM, Kok A, Johansson B, Hofer S, Mroczek D, Piccinin A. Inter-Individual and Intra-Individual Relationships Between Neuroticism and Cognition: A Coordinated Analysis. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7741976 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Existing literature indicates a relatively consistent relationship between neuroticism and cognitive functioning (CF). Interindividually, high levels of neuroticism may predispose individuals to cognitive aging and dementia-related neuropathology. Intraindividually, increases in neuroticism may be intrinsic to the aging process or to dementia pathology. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, though the relationships are rarely examined using the same individuals, which may contribute to publication bias and confusion regarding the hypotheses as mutually exclusive. Data were drawn from the Origins of Variance in the Oldest-Old (Sweden, Mage=83.6, 67% female), Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (Sweden, Mage=60.4, 59% female), and Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (Netherlands; Mage=68.1, 52% female). Controlling for age, sex, education, and depressive symptoms, parallel process latent growth models were fit independently in each sample (NT=3293) to simultaneously estimate growth parameters of neuroticism with three measures of CF (processing speed, learning/memory, and reasoning). Multilevel meta-analysis estimated the pooled covariation between neuroticism and CF at baseline and overtime, revealing a significantly negative intercept-intercept relationship across datasets (covariance= -0.46, 95% CIs [-0.90,-0.02], z=-2.02, p=0.04, τ2=0.06). The slope-slope covariances were consistently negative, but the meta-analytic pooled estimate was not significant despite some significant individual estimates across studies. Overall, results provide some evidence for intraindividual and interindividual relationships between neuroticism and CF, such that higher neuroticism is associated with lower CF, and neuroticism tends to increase as CF decreases. Identification of the early indicators and risk factors for cognitive decline may facilitate development of screening assessments and aid in treatment strategies for dementia care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiko Yoneda
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rush
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Almar Kok
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Scott Hofer
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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18
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Antic M, Dorame A, Ferrie J, Lopes M, Waldinger R, Spiro A, Mroczek D, Lee L. Applying Administrative Linkage to Longitudinal Aging Studies: Boston Early Adversity and Mortality Study. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7743124 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to poor adult health, yet the underlying pathways remain unclear. While longitudinal aging studies provide rich data on health trajectories in adulthood, two intrinsic limitations hamper progress in studying causal pathways: (1) reliance on retrospective assessment of early-life conditions, and (2) inadequate data coverage on lifespan developmental processes, especially in childhood. The Boston Early Adversity and Mortality Study (BEAMS) was designed to overcome these limitations by applying high-quality administrative record linkage to three longitudinal studies on aging that are over 50-years-old. BEAMS uses administrative linkage to acquire contemporaneous, early-life information on health, family, and environmental hazards from multiple databases. Our sample includes male participants from the VA Normative Aging (n=2280), Grant (n=456), and Glueck (n=268) Studies. BEAMS extends linkage to siblings, thus including women, so that our combined sample is representative of the early 1900s Northeastern U.S. population. Key steps in administrative linkage include coding identifiers from existing data; linkage to 1900-40 Censes, vital, and military (WWI, WWII, Veterans benefits) records; linkage to public databases for early-life lead exposure data, and later-life health information (Medicare, NDI). By linking records of study participants (74%-94% deceased) to numerous administrative databases, BEAMS will create a cradle-to-grave dataset with prospective data on early socioeconomic, psychosocial, and environmental exposures, and lifespan health data. BEAMS uses human review to achieve high-quality record linkage. Our methodology can be adopted by other longitudinal aging studies to overcome barriers in advancing causal knowledge on pathways linking early-life conditions to lifespan health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Antic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ashley Dorame
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joseph Ferrie
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Maria Lopes
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert Waldinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Avron Spiro
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Waban, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lewina Lee
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Graham EK, Lodi-Smith J, Mroczek D. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH ACROSS THE ADULT LIFESPAN. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E K Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - D Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Pearman TP, Beaumont JL, Mroczek D, O’Connor M, Cella D. Validity and usefulness of a single-item measure of patient-reported bother from side effects of cancer therapy. Cancer 2018; 124:991-997. [PMID: 29131323 PMCID: PMC5892190 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The improving efficacy of cancer treatment has resulted in an increasing array of treatment-related symptoms and associated burdens imposed on individuals undergoing aggressive treatment of their disease. Often, clinical trials compare therapies that have different types, and severities, of adverse effects. Whether rated by clinicians or patients themselves, it can be difficult to know which side effect profile is more disruptive or bothersome to patients. A simple summary index of bother can help to adjudicate the variability in adverse effects across treatments being compared with each other. METHODS Across 4 studies, a total of 5765 patients enrolled in cooperative group studies and industry-sponsored clinical trials were the subjects of the current study. Patients were diagnosed with a range of primary cancer sites, including bladder, brain, breast, colon/rectum, head/neck, hepatobiliary, kidney, lung, ovary, pancreas, and prostate as well as leukemia and lymphoma. All patients were administered the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General version (FACT-G). The single item "I am bothered by side effects of treatment" (GP5), rated on a 5-point Likert scale, is part of the FACT-G. To determine its validity as a useful summary measure from the patient perspective, it was correlated with individual and aggregated clinician-rated adverse events and patient reports of their general ability to enjoy life. RESULTS Analyses of pharmaceutical trials demonstrated that mean GP5 scores ("I am bothered by side effects of treatment") significantly differed by maximum adverse event grade (P<.001) in all trials, with a clear trend toward increasing GP5 scores with level of increasing adverse event grade. Effect sizes ranged from 0.13 to 0.46. Analyses of cooperative group trials demonstrated a significant correlation between GP5 and item GF3 ("I am able to enjoy life") in the predicted direction. CONCLUSIONS The single FACT-G item "I am bothered by side effects of treatment" is significantly associated with clinician-reported adverse events and with patients' ability to enjoy their lives. It has promise as an overall summary measure of the burden of a given set of treatment toxicities compared with another. Future research can identify the contribution of individual side effects compared with one another in terms of how each may contribute to overall bother. Cancer 2018;124:991-7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Pearman
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Supportive Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer L. Beaumont
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary O’Connor
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Prevention and Control Research, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Madeleine P, Hansen EA, Andersen RE, Kumorek M, Mroczek D, Samani A, Kawczyński A. Eccentric exercise induces spatial changes in the mechanomyographic activity of the upper trapezius muscle. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1661-1670. [PMID: 29394519 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that the recordings of multichannel mechanomyography (MMG) of the upper trapezius muscle would reveal spatially dependent manifestations in the presence of delayed onset muscle soreness occurring 24 hours after eccentric exercise (ECC). Sixteen participants performed high-intensity eccentric exercises (5 sets of 10 eccentric contractions at 100% of max elevation force) targeting the upper trapezius on their dominant side. Twelve accelerometers were attached to record MMG activity during submaximal exercise consisting of static and dynamic arm flexion and abduction. Measurements were taken before and 24 hours after ECC. Average rectified value (ARV), percentage of determinism (% DET), and recurrence (% REC) of the MMG signals were computed to estimate the level of muscular activity and the magnitude of regularity of the MMG. The ARV, % REC, and % DET maps revealed heterogeneous MMG activity of the upper trapezius 24 hours after ECC when compared with before. Increased ARV, % REC, and % DET were found 24 hours after ECC when compared with before. The study provides new key information on how a single muscle responds to ECC. Our findings suggest that multichannel MMG and nonlinear analyses may detect muscular and musculo-tendinous alterations due to ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Madeleine
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E A Hansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - R E Andersen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Kumorek
- Department of Paralympics Sports, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - D Mroczek
- Department of Athletes Motor Skills, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Samani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sport Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - A Kawczyński
- Department of Paralympics Sports, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
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Sloan RP, Schwarz E, McKinley PS, Weinstein M, Love G, Ryff C, Mroczek D, Choo TH, Lee S, Seeman T. Vagally-mediated heart rate variability and indices of well-being: Results of a nationally representative study. Health Psychol 2016; 36:73-81. [PMID: 27570892 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High frequency (HF) heart rate variability (HRV) has long been accepted as an index of cardiac vagal control. Recent studies report relationships between HF-HRV and indices of positive and negative affect, personality traits and well-being but these studies generally are based on small and selective samples. METHOD These relationships were examined using data from 967 participants in the second Midlife in the U.S. (MIDUS II) study. Participants completed survey questionnaires on well-being and affect. HF-HRV was measured at rest. A hierarchical series of regression analyses examined relationships between these various indices and HF-HRV before and after adjustment for relevant demographic and biomedical factors. RESULTS Significant inverse relationships were found only between indices of negative affect and HF-HRV. Relationships between indices of psychological and hedonic well-being and positive affect failed to reach significance. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise questions about relationships between cardiac parasympathetic modulation, emotion regulation, and indices of well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gayle Love
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Carol Ryff
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, University of California at Los Angeles
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23
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Karam EA, Ko MJ, Pinsof B, Mroczek D, Sprenkle D. The Multisystemic and Multilevel Investigation of the Expanded Therapeutic Alliance-Psychological Functioning Relationship in Individual Therapy. J Marital Fam Ther 2015; 41:401-414. [PMID: 25378075 PMCID: PMC5441553 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The expanded therapeutic alliance, consisting of multiple interpersonal alliance relationships, is a common factor inherent to the practice of all systemic therapies. The following study has three specific aims: (a) Bring an expanded, multisystemic emphasis to the study of the therapeutic alliance in individual therapy; (b) Understand better the session-by-session relationship between alliance and psychological functioning, including distinguishing within-person from between-person variability by using multilevel modeling techniques; and (c) Explore the role of early attachment relationships and family-of-origin experiences in moderating the alliance-psychological functioning relationship. Instead of taking only one or two alliance measurements throughout treatment like in the majority of previous research, we measured both alliance and psychological functioning continuously at each session for 296 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bill Pinsof
- The Family Institute at Northwestern University
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24
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Borders A, Culhane J, Simhan H, Wadhwa P, Williamson D, Kim KY, Mroczek D, Grobman W. 767: Racial/ethnic differences in maternal self-report and biomarkers of stress and stress biology in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Borders A, Culhane J, Simhan H, Wadhwa P, Williamson D, Kim KY, Mroczek D, Grobman W. 127: Maternal psychosocial stress and immune/ inflammatory markers in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Kawczyński A, Mroczek D, Frąckiewicz A, Chmura P, Becella L, Samani A, Madeleine P, Chmura J. Effects of two recovery procedures after a football game on sensory and biochemical markers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2014; 54:394-402. [PMID: 24518300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate recovery processes on pressure pain sensitivity and blood indicators in professional football players after three different post-game training modalities: standard recovery training, no physical activity, delayed onset muscle soreness reduction training. METHODS Eleven male football field players participated in the present study. The experiment was performed in three sessions over three weeks after three football league games. The procedure was composed of the following assessments included in each session: measurement of pain pressure threshold, creatine kinase activity and myoglobin (Mb) concentration before, 24 and 48 hours after game. RESULTS In standard recovery training there was no full recovery in deep structure sensitivity of the frontal thigh muscles at 48 hours after game (P=0.008). In the no physical activity session, sensitivity returned to its level before game. On the contrary, in the delayed onset muscle soreness reduction training sensitivity decreased 48 hours after game (P<0.001). Creatine kinase activity decreased significantly from 24 hours to 48 hours in session with no activity and delayed onset muscle soreness reduction training (P<0.05). None of the recovery methods had an influence on Mb concentration. CONCLUSION The present study points towards a potent effect of delayed onset muscle soreness reduction training on recovery after a football game.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kawczyński
- Department of Athletes Motor Skills, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland -
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27
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Bartczak A, Plaskota K, Trojnarska O, Szczepaniak-Chichel L, Popiel M, Grajek S, Eindhoven JA, Van Den Bosch A, Ruys T, Opic P, Cuypers J, Mc Ghie - Vletter J, Witsenburg M, Boersma H, Roos-Hesselink J, Carro A, Sanz M, Galuppo V, Maldonado G, Santos A, Miranda B, Huguet F, Gonzalez N, Abad C, Evangelista A, Eindhoven JA, Van Den Bosch A, Menting M, Cuypers J, Witsenburg M, Vletter- Mcghie J, Ruys P, Boermsa H, Roos-Hesselink J, Dragulescu A, Mroczek D, Chaturvedi R, Benson L, Friedberg M, Mertens L, Nastase O, Enache R, Popescu B, Botezatu D, Aschie D, State S, Rosca M, Calin A, Beladan C, Ginghina C, Huang F, Zhong L, Tan J, Le T, Tan R, Pietrzak R, Werner B, Scognamiglio G, Karonis T, Gatzoulis M, Babu-Narayan S, Li W, Gonzalez-Gonzalez A, Alonso-Gonzalez R, West C, Senior R, Li W. Moderated Posters session * Congenital heart disease: 12/12/2013, 14:00-18:00 * Location: Moderated Poster area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fingerman KL, Pitzer L, Lefkowitz ES, Birditt KS, Mroczek D. Ambivalent relationship qualities between adults and their parents: implications for the well-being of both parties. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2009; 63:P362-71. [PMID: 19092039 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/63.6.p362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study considered whether intergenerational ambivalence has implications for each party's psychological well-being and physical health. Participants included 158 families (N = 474) with a mother, a father, and a son or daughter aged 22 to 49 years. Actor-partner interaction models revealed that parents and offspring who self-reported greater ambivalence showed poorer psychological well-being. Partner reports of ambivalence were associated with poorer physical health. When fathers reported greater ambivalence, offspring reported poorer physical health. When grown children reported greater ambivalence, mothers reported poorer physical health. Fathers and offspring who scored lower in neuroticism showed stronger associations between ambivalence and well-being. Findings suggest that parents or offspring may experience greater ambivalence when the other party is in poorer health and that personality moderates associations between relationship qualities and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Fingerman
- Department of Child Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, 1200 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Abstract
Recent longitudinal and cross-sectional aging research has shown that personality traits continue to change in adulthood. In this article, we review the evidence for mean-level change in personality traits, as well as for individual differences in change across the life span. In terms of mean-level change, people show increased selfconfidence, warmth, self-control, and emotional stability with age. These changes predominate in young adulthood (age 20-40). Moreover, mean-level change in personality traits occurs in middle and old age, showing that personality traits can change at any age. In terms of individual differences in personality change, people demonstrate unique patterns of development at all stages of the life course, and these patterns appear to be the result of specific life experiences that pertain to a person's stage of life.
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