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Shavit D, Strugo R, Siman-Tov M, Nov S, Shavit I. Assessment of First-line Therapy With Midazolam for Prehospital Seizures in Children. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e236990. [PMID: 37014644 PMCID: PMC10074219 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Shavit
- Department of Pediatrics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Maya Siman-Tov
- Magen David Adom, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty, Public Health School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Itai Shavit
- Division of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracostomy drainage is sometimes required in children with pleuropneumonia who have large parapneumonic effusion. This procedure is usually performed under sedation. The aim was to report sedation adverse events (SAEs) in pneumonia patients sedated for thoracostomy by pediatric emergency physicians. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The medical records of all emergency department patients who underwent thoracostomy between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, were extracted. Study outcomes were SAEs that required intervention. RESULTS Pigtail catheters were placed by chest surgeons in 28 children with a median age of 2 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1-5 years). All the thoracostomies were successfully performed under sedation performed by 11 pediatric emergency physicians. The median amount of fluid drained after catheter insertion was 200 mL (IQR, 100-500 mL). The median pleural fluid PH was 7.0 (IQR, 6.9-7.3), and the median white blood cell count was 34,600 per mm3 (IQR, 11,800-109,000 per mm3). Thirteen patients (46.4%) were sedated with a total median dose of 3 mg/kg of ketamine (IQR, 2-4 mg/kg) and 0.2 mg/kg of midazolam (IQR, 0.2-0.3 mg/kg); 11 patients (39.3%) were treated with 1 mg/kg of ketamine (IQR, 0.5-2 mg/kg) and 3 mg/kg of propofol (IQR, 2-4 mg/kg). Four patients (14.3%) were treated exclusively with 4 mg/kg of ketamine (IQR, 3-5 mg/kg). Nine oxygen desaturations required intervention; 1 was associated with laryngospasm and 1 with apnea. All the SAEs were successfully managed. No cases of hypotension, bradycardia, airway obstruction, or pulmonary aspiration were recorded. CONCLUSIONS The first series of pneumonia patients sedated for thoracostomy by pediatric emergency physicians is reported. Sedation was safely performed in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Shavit
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
| | - Ron Nates
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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Feldman O, Meir M, Shavit D, Idelman R, Shavit I. Exposure to a Surrogate Measure of Contamination From Simulated Patients by Emergency Department Personnel Wearing Personal Protective Equipment. JAMA 2020; 323:2091-2093. [PMID: 32338711 PMCID: PMC7186917 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.6633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study uses an atomizer and fluorescent markers to simulate contamination of uncovered skin and hair of health care workers wearing personal protective equipment after intubating patient manikins under emergency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Feldman
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Meir
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Danielle Shavit
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ravit Idelman
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itai Shavit
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Shavit I, Shavit D, Feldman O, Samuel N, Ilivitzki A, Cohen DM. Emergency Physician-Administered Sedation for Pneumatic Reduction of Ileocolic Intussusception in Children: A Case Series. J Emerg Med 2018; 56:29-35. [PMID: 30389283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileocolic intussusception is a major cause for intestinal obstruction in early childhood. Reduction of intussusception, in the vast majority of institutions, is performed on awake children, without sedation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report the course of the first patients who were sedated by emergency physicians for pneumatic reduction of intussusception (PRI). METHODS We conducted a case series analysis of prospectively collected data on patients undergoing PRI, using a sedation recording tool. This tool uses standardized definitions from the Quebec guidelines for terminology and reporting adverse events in emergency medicine. Recording of time interval measurements and adverse events was performed by the emergency physician and nurse. RESULTS Between February 2016 and March 2018, 11 males and 3 females, with a median age of 11 months (interquartile range [IQR] 6-20 months), underwent sedation for PRI by five attending pediatric emergency physicians. All of the reductions were successful and without complications. Eight patients received ketamine and propofol, 5 received ketamine, and 1 received ketamine and midazolam. Median times for the presedation phase, procedure, sedation, physiologic recovery and emergency department recovery were: 131 min (IQR 79-104 min), 10.5 min (IQR, 9-12 min), 21 min (IQR, 20-30 min), 25 min (IQR, 23-30 min), and 108 min (IQR, 82-161 min), respectively. Four respiratory adverse events that required intervention were recorded. All were effectively treated with airway repositioning, suctioning, oxygen administration, or bag-mask ventilation. CONCLUSIONS The first series of patients sedated for PRI by emergency physicians is reported. Our initial findings suggest the feasibility of emergency physician-administered sedation for PRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Shavit
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Danielle Shavit
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Feldman
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Samuel
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Ilivitzki
- Pediatric Imaging Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel M Cohen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Rasouly D, Shavit D, Zuniga R, Elejalde R, Unsworth B, Yayon A, Lelkes P. Staurosporine induces neurite outgrowth in neuronal hybrids (PC12EN) lacking NGF receptors. Neurosci Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)90166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lazarovici P, Oshima M, Shavit D, Shibutani M, Jiang H, Monshipouri M, Fink D, Movsesyan V, Guroff G. Down-regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors by nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC12 cells is P140TRK-, RAS-, and SRC-dependent. Neurosci Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)90126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lazarovici P, Oshima M, Shavit D, Shibutani M, Jiang H, Monshipouri M, Fink D, Movsesyan V, Guroff G. Down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells is p140(trk)-, Ras-, and Src-dependent. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:11026-34. [PMID: 9110995 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.17.11026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment causes a profound down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors during the differentiation of PC12 cells. This process is characterized by a progressive decrease in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor level measured by 125I-EGF binding, tyrosine phosphorylation, and Western blotting. Treatment of the cells with NGF for 5 days produces a 95% reduction in the amount of [35S]methionine-labeled EGF receptors. This down-regulation does not occur in PC12nnr5 cells, which lack the p140(trk) NGF receptor. However, in PC12nnr5 cells stably transfected with p140(trk), the NGF-induced heterologous down-regulation of EGF receptors is reconstituted in part. NGF-induced heterologous down-regulation, but not EGF-induced homologous down-regulation of EGF receptors, is blocked in Ras- and Src-dominant-negative PC12 cells. Treatment with either pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) or staurosporine stimulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cell variants, but neither induces down-regulation of EGF receptors. NGF treatment of PC12 cells in suspension induces down-regulation of EGF receptors in the absence of neurite outgrowth. These results strongly suggest a p140(trk)-, Ras- and Src-dependent mechanism of NGF-induced down-regulation of EGF receptors and separate this process from NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lazarovici
- Section on Growth Factors, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Rasouly D, Shavit D, Zuniga R, Elejalde RB, Unsworth BR, Yayon A, Lazarovici P, Lelkes PI. Staurosporine induces neurite outgrowth in neuronal hybrids (PC12EN) lacking NGF receptors. J Cell Biochem 1996; 62:356-71. [PMID: 8872607 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(199609)62:3<356::aid-jcb6>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel neuronal model (PC12EN cells), obtained by somatic hybridization of rat adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma (PC12) and bovine adrenal medullary endothelial (BAME) cells, was developed. PC12EN cells maintained numerous neuronal characteristics: they expressed neuronal glycolipid conjugates, synthesized and secreted catecholamines, and responded to differentiative agents with neurite outgrowth. PC12EN lacked receptors for EGF and both the p75 and trk NGF receptors, while FGF receptor expression was maintained. Staurosporine (5-50 nM), but not other members of the K252a family of protein kinase inhibitors, rapidly induced neurite outgrowth in PC12EN, as also found in the parental PC12 cells, but not in BAME cells. Similarly, both acidic and basic FGF (1-100 ng/ml) were neurotropic in PC12EN. In contrast to the mechanism by which FGF promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12EN, the neurotropic effect of staurosporine did not involve activation of established signalling pathways, such as tyrosine phosphorylation of erk (ras pathway) or SNT (a specific target of neuronal differentiation). In addition, staurosporine induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase p125FAK. However, since the latter effect was also observed with other protein kinase inhibitors of the K252a family, which induced PC12EN cells flattening but no neurite extension, we propose that FAK tyrosine phosphorylation may be related to ubiquitous changes in cell shape. We anticipate that PC12EN neuronal hybrids will become useful models in neuroscience research for evaluating unique cellular signalling mechanisms of novel neurotropic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rasouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Bloch-Sheilderman E, Rasouly D, Shavit D, Gutman Y, Lazarovici P. The role of calcium, protein kinase C and pertussis toxin substrates in pardaxin -induced dopamine release from PC 12 cells. Toxicon 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(95)99352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The haplotypes of Y chromosome (paternally inherited) and mtDNA (maternally inherited) were analyzed in representatives of six Jewish communities (Ashkenazic, North African, Near Eastern, Yemenite, Minor Asian/Balkanian, and Ethiopian). For both elements, the Ethiopian community has a mixture of typically African and typically Caucasian haplotypes and is significantly different from all others. The other communities, whose haplotypes are mostly Caucasian, are more closely related; significant differences that were found among some of them possibly indicate the effects of admixture with neighboring communities of non-Jews. The different contribution of the Y chromosome and mtDNA haplotypes to the significant differences among the communities can be explained by unequal involvement of males and females in the different admixtures. In all communities, except the Ethiopians, the level of diversity (h) for Y chromosome haplotypes is higher than that for mtDNA haplotypes, suggesting that in each community the people who become parents include more males than females. An opposite proportion (more females than males) is found among the Ethiopians.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ritte
- Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Present noninvasively measured indices of foetal stress are indirect and not sufficient. Foetal electrocardiography (FECG) is a potential noninvasive measurement of the foetus wellbeing which has been little utilised because of the difficulties of measuring it. The development of time-sequenced adaptive filters which are synchronised to the QRS complex by the use of Doppler echocardiography allowed the recording of relatively noise-free FECG. The paper describes the use of this technique for obtaining the complete complex of the FECG. Several sets of time-sequenced adaptive filters are combined to allow a multilead abdominal recording to produce a measurement system which rejects maternal ECG and enhances the FECG. Five subjects have been analysed, and their FECGs have been accurately reproduced with minimal changes of the filters' parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Bergman Y, Shavit D. Regulation of the Ig kappa-chain enhancer by the adenovirus E1A gene products. Repression in lymphoid cells, activation in fibroblasts. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.140.6.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Proteins encoded by early region 1A (E1A) regulate transcription of viral and cellular genes. The mechanism of this trans-activation is not understood, but is of considerable interest as an example of transcription regulation through a cellular intermediate. We have therefore studied the effect of E1A products on the activity of the kappa L chain gene promoter and enhancer. By using transient and stable transfections into lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, we found that the E1A proteins have a pleiotropic effect on the regulation of the mouse kappa-chain gene enhancer. In lymphoid cells the E1A products repress kappa-chain enhancer, whereas in fibroblasts, the kappa-chain enhancer is activated by the E1A products whether the E1A gene is in an extrachromosomal location or stably integrated in the genome. Furthermore, a functional kappa-chain promoter, containing the octanucleotide and "TATA" sequences is needed in order to be transcribed in E1A-producing cells. This ability of E1A products to negatively and positively regulate kappa-chain transcription may reflect a more general phenomenon in which a given cellular protein could participate in a variety of different cellular controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bergman
- Hubert H. Humphrey Center for Experimental Medicine and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Shavit
- Hubert H. Humphrey Center for Experimental Medicine and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Bergman Y, Shavit D. Regulation of the Ig kappa-chain enhancer by the adenovirus E1A gene products. Repression in lymphoid cells, activation in fibroblasts. J Immunol 1988; 140:2073-80. [PMID: 2964488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins encoded by early region 1A (E1A) regulate transcription of viral and cellular genes. The mechanism of this trans-activation is not understood, but is of considerable interest as an example of transcription regulation through a cellular intermediate. We have therefore studied the effect of E1A products on the activity of the kappa L chain gene promoter and enhancer. By using transient and stable transfections into lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, we found that the E1A proteins have a pleiotropic effect on the regulation of the mouse kappa-chain gene enhancer. In lymphoid cells the E1A products repress kappa-chain enhancer, whereas in fibroblasts, the kappa-chain enhancer is activated by the E1A products whether the E1A gene is in an extrachromosomal location or stably integrated in the genome. Furthermore, a functional kappa-chain promoter, containing the octanucleotide and "TATA" sequences is needed in order to be transcribed in E1A-producing cells. This ability of E1A products to negatively and positively regulate kappa-chain transcription may reflect a more general phenomenon in which a given cellular protein could participate in a variety of different cellular controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bergman
- Hubert H. Humphrey Center for Experimental Medicine and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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