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Hodder S, Fox M, Binti Ahmad Mokhtar AM, Mott HR, Owen D. ACKnowledging the role of the Activated-Cdc42 associated kinase (ACK) in regulating protein stability in cancer. Small GTPases 2023; 14:14-25. [PMID: 37194323 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2023.2212573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase (ACK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is an effector for the small GTPase Cdc42. ACK is emerging as an important component of the cancer landscape and thus, a promising target for the treatment of many malignancies. ACK is also being increasingly recognized as a potentially influential player in the regulation of protein homoeostasis. The delicate equilibrium between protein synthesis and protein degradation is crucial for healthy cell function and dysregulation of protein homoeostasis is a common occurrence in human disease. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which ACK regulates the stability of diverse cellular proteins (e.g. EGFR, p27, p53, p85 isoforms and RhoGDI-3), some of which rely on the kinase activity of ACK while others, interestingly, do not. Ultimately, further research will be required to bridge our knowledge gaps and determine if ACK regulates the stability of further cellular proteins but collectively, such mechanistic interrogation would contribute to determining whether ACK is a promising target for anti-cancer therapy. In therapeutics, proteasome inhibitors are an efficacious but problematic class of drugs. Targeting other modulators of proteostasis, like ACK, could open novel avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hodder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Millie Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Masara Binti Ahmad Mokhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Lucido J, Mullikin TC, Kowalchuk RO, Rose PS, Siontis BL, Morris JM, Johnson-Tesch B, Thull JC, Brinkmann DH, Phillips R, Laack Ii NN, Park SS, Brown PD, Owen D, Merrell KW. Local Control after Re-Irradiation of Spinal Metastases with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e132. [PMID: 37784695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Determine local control (LC) rate and risk of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and radiation myelitis (RM) for patients receiving re-irradiation of spinal metastases (SMs) using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) from large single-institutional experience with long follow-up. MATERIALS/METHODS Retrospectively identified patients receiving re-irradiation SBRT (rSBRT, 1, 3, or 5 fractions) to SMs previously treated with radiation therapy (RT) and having follow up imaging to assess local control. 1 fraction patients typically received 20-24 Gy and 16-18 Gy to the high- and low-risk planning target volumes (PTVs), respectively, and 27-39 Gy and 21-24 Gy for the 3 fraction patients, with a single level of 50 Gy for 5 fractions. Patient and treatment characteristics for previous RT (pRT) and rSBRT were collected, including histology and dose-volume histogram statistics (DVH). Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (OS), and cumulative incidence (competing with death) of local failure with death as a competing risk was computed for the whole cohort and stratified by radioresistance of histology, and risk of VCF for RM (for treatments at L1 and above) and 95% confidence intervals. Equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) for PTV and spinal cord (SC) DVH statistics was computed for each individual course and cumulatively, using a/b = 10 Gy for tumor and 2 Gy for SC. RESULTS Identified 107 lesions in 91 patients. 48 (45%) had radioresistant histologies. For all patients, at 1 and 2 years, respectively OS was 64% (55-74%) and 43% (34-55%), LC was 88% (81-94%) and 85% (78-91%) with median follow-up of 52 months (Table 1). OS and LC were not significantly different between radiosensitivity groups (p>0.05). Risk of VCF at 1 and 2 years was 7% (3-13%) and 9% (4-16%). RM was identified in 1 patient, who received 30 Gy in 5 fractions to T1, and had 1-fraction rSBRT 21 months later. SC Dmax was 31.5 Gy for pRT and 10.4 Gy, for rSBRT, resulting in total SC EQD2 of 73 Gy. RM was confirmed on MRI 8 months after rSBRT. Cumulative RM risk at 8 months after rSBRT was estimated at 1% (0-4%). Median EQD2 for the minimum dose to the high and low risk PTVs were 17.7 Gy (interquartile range, IQR, 13.0-27.6 Gy) and 13.7 Gy (IQR, 10.8-19.3 Gy) for rSBRT, and maximum EQD to SC for previous RT, rSBRT, and cumulatively was 38 Gy (IQR, 30-41 Gy), 27 Gy (IQR, 22-36 Gy), and 65 Gy (IQR, 54-73 Gy).Re-irradiation of spinal metastasis with SBRT can be delivered safely and provide high rates of local control, including for radioresistant tumors, as demonstrated with the longest reported follow-up in this setting. CONCLUSION Re-irradiation of SM with SBRT provides high rates of LC even for radioresistant tumors, and low risk of VCF and RM, based on the longest reported follow-up in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T C Mullikin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Rochester, MN
| | - R O Kowalchuk
- University of Virginia / Riverside Radiosurgery Center, Newport News, VA
| | - P S Rose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - B L Siontis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - J M Morris
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - J C Thull
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rochester, MN
| | - D H Brinkmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R Phillips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - N N Laack Ii
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - S S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - P D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - D Owen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - K W Merrell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Dohm AE, Upadhyay R, Tang JD, Oliver DE, Perez BA, Rosenberg SA, Yu HHM, Palmer JD, Beyer S, Owen D, Ahmed KA. Upfront Osimertinib Alone vs. Osimertinib and Radiotherapy for the Treatment of EGFR-Positive NSCLC Brain Metastases: A Multi-Institutional Series. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e100-e101. [PMID: 37784626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Given the increased brain penetrance of osimertinib, the role of upfront radiotherapy (RT) has been questioned for the management of patients with EGFR+ NSCLC brain metastases (BM). We conducted a multi-institutional review of patients with EGFR+ NSCLC treated with upfront osimertinib or osimertinib in combination with RT for new or progressing BM. MATERIALS/METHODS Our multi-institutional analysis included 128 patients with 714 BM treated between 2013 and 2022. Two BM treatment groups were evaluated: (1) upfront osimertinib alone (n = 66) and (2) osimertinib + RT [whole brain radiation therapy or stereotactic/fractionated radiosurgery (SRS/FSRT)] prior or concurrently with osimertinib (n = 62)]; both groups began treatment within 2 months of BM diagnosis. Time-to-event analysis was conducted with the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method, and outcomes included intracranial control (IC) [both local and distant], intracranial progression free survival (IPFS), and overall survival (OS). A Cox proportional hazards model was utilized for multivariate analysis (MVA). RESULTS Median follow-up from BM diagnosis was 33.9 months (0.13-76.2 months). No differences in age (p = 0.46), sex (p = 0.72), DS-GPA (p = 0.08), KPS (p = 0.57), number of BM (p = 0.19) or volume of BM (p = 0.45), RT dose (p = 0.45), number of systemic metastases (p = 0.88), and patients symptomatic at presentation (p = 1.0) were noted. Prior treatment of BM was more common in the osimertinib + RT group (50% osimertinib + RT and 27% osimertinib; p = 0.01). The 12-month KM rates for osimertinib vs osimertinib + RT groups for IC were 72% vs 73% (p = 0.33); IPFS 53% vs 66% (p = 0.007); and OS 65% vs 80% (p = 0.025). On MVA, higher KPS (p = 0.002) was associated with increased OS and no extracranial metastasis with increased OS (p = 0.01) and IPFS (p = 0.001). MVA showed no association between osimertinib vs osimertinib + RT for IC, IPFS, or OS. Of the 66 patients treated with upfront osimertinib, 18 patients (27%) with 31 lesions eventually required RT for intracranial progression with the majority 72% being treated with SRS/FSRT at median of 13.5 months (1-22 months) following the start of osimertinib. CONCLUSION This study suggests that upfront osimertinib alone may provide sufficient intracranial control to allow RT to be deferred until further intracranial progression in select patients. Prospective trials are warranted to further guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dohm
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, FL
| | - R Upadhyay
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J D Tang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, FL
| | - D E Oliver
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, FL
| | - B A Perez
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, FL
| | - S A Rosenberg
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, FL
| | - H H M Yu
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, FL
| | - J D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - S Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - D Owen
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - K A Ahmed
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tampa, FL
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Kowalchuk RO, Mullikin TC, Spears GM, Rose PS, Siontis BL, Kim DK, Costello BA, Morris JM, Gao RW, Shiraishi S, Lucido J, Olivier K, Owen D, Stish BJ, Waddle MR, Laack Ii NN, Park SS, Brown PD, Merrell KW. Assessment of Minimum Dose as a Strong Predictor of Local Failure after Spine SBRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e120-e121. [PMID: 37784669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has demonstrated robust clinical benefits in carefully selected patients, improving local control and even overall survival (OS). Even so, a wide range of dose-fractionation schemes are used in clinical practice. We seek to assess a large database to determine clinical and dosimetric predictors of local failure after spine SBRT. MATERIALS/METHODS From a large institutional database, spine SBRT treatments with subsequent imaging follow-up to assess local control were identified. Patients were treated with a simultaneous integrated boost technique using 1 or 3 fractions, generally delivering 20-24 Gy in 1 fraction to the high dose volume and 16 Gy to the low dose volume (or 30-36 Gy and 24 Gy for 3 fraction treatments). Exclusions included: lack of imaging follow-up, proton therapy, and benign primary histologies. Statistical analyses included Cox proportional hazards analyses and the robust log-rank statistic for cut-point analysis. The cumulative incidence of local failure with death as a competing risk was considered as the primary endpoint. RESULTS A total of 522 eligible spine SBRT treatments (68% single fraction) were identified in 377 unique patients. Patients had a median OS of 43.7 months (95% confidence interval: 34.3-54.4). The cumulative incidence of local failure was 19.3% (15.3-23.2) at 1 year and 25.6% (21.1-29.9) at 2 years. Univariate analysis identified that the minimum dose (normalized for the prescription dose) was a strong predictor of local failure (p = 0.0093). Among patients treated with a single fraction, statistical significance was maintained (p = 0.024). No other dosimetric factors were predictive of local failure. In a cut point analysis, the log-rank statistic was maximized at 15.8 Gy minimum dose for single-fraction treatment (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34 - 0.75, p = 0.0009). Cumulative incidence of local failure was 15.1% (9.8-20.2) vs. 24.7% (17.2-31.5) at 1 year using this cut-off. Comparable local control was demonstrated with a minimum dose of 14 Gy (HR = 0.57, 95%: 0.37 - 0.87, p = 0.009), with reduced local control with lower minimum doses. Among a range of clinical factors assessed, only epidural and soft tissue involvement were predictive of local failure (HR = 1.80 and 1.98, respectively). Multivariable analyses incorporating soft tissue involvement, epidural extension, and multilevel disease confirmed the 15.8 Gy cutoff for single fraction cases (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.88, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Spine SBRT offers favorable local control using a range of dose-fractionation schemes; however, minimum dose has a strong association with local control, unlike any other dosimetric factors tested. Furthermore, statistical significance was maintained even when considering epidural extension and potential limitations from dose to the spinal cord. Our data suggests that the minimum dose should be prioritized during treatment planning, ideally to at least 14 - 15.8 Gy for single fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Kowalchuk
- University of Virginia / Riverside Radiosurgery Center, Newport News, VA
| | - T C Mullikin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Rochester, MN
| | - G M Spears
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - P S Rose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - B L Siontis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - D K Kim
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - B A Costello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - J M Morris
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R W Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - S Shiraishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - J Lucido
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - K Olivier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - D Owen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - B J Stish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - M R Waddle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - N N Laack Ii
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - S S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - P D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - K W Merrell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Kowalchuk R, Mullikin T, Florez M, De B, Harmsen W, Rose P, Siontis B, Costello B, Morris J, Marion J, Johnson-Tesch B, Lucido J, Olivier K, Owen D, Stish B, Laack N, Park S, Brown P, Ghia A, Merrell K. An Externally Validated RPA-Based Pre-Treatment Decision-Making Tool Identifying Ideal Candidates for Spine SBRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Owen D, Grams M, Harmsen W, Park S, Ahmed S, Petersen I, Haddock M, Corbin K, Stish B, Laack N, Hallemeier C, Merrell K, Lester S, Jeans E, Ma D. Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy in the Modern Era: The Mayo Clinic Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dong L, Mo X, Patel S, Haglund K, Williams T, Brownstein J, Owen D, Welliver M. Evaluating Radiation-Related Risk Factors for Pneumonitis in Patients with Stage III NSCLC Receiving Durvalumab after Definitive Chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kowalchuk R, Spears G, Morris L, Owen D, Yoon H, Chuong M, Mishra M, Haddock M, Hallemeier C, Wigle D, Lin S, Merrell K. Risk Stratification of Postoperative Cardiopulmonary Toxicity after Trimodality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kowalchuk R, Mullikin T, Breen W, Gits H, Florez M, De B, Harmsen W, Rose P, Siontis B, Costello B, Morris J, Lucido J, Olivier K, Stish B, Laack N, Park S, Owen D, Ghia A, Brown P, Merrell K. 1264MO Development and validation of a unifying pre-treatment decision tool for intracranial and extracranial metastasis-directed radiotherapy. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Concepcion JR, Prodduturvar P, Gao R, Schwecke A, Potter A, Moffett J, Hocum C, Day C, Harmsen W, Dimou A, Mansfield A, Ernani V, Molina J, Adjei A, Marks R, Schild S, YU N, Savvides P, Garces Y, Merrell K, Routman D, Breen W, Olivier K, Sio T, Bush A, Hoppe B, Ko S, Amundson A, Majeed U, Lou Y, Butts E, Oliver T, Owen D, Leventakos K. EP05.01-011 Real World Outcomes of Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in unresectable advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mayo Clinic Experience. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Li M, Zhao S, Guo J, Gauntner T, Schafer J, Chakravarthy K, Lopez G, Secor A, Das P, Surya N, Husain M, Patel S, Grogan M, Spakowicz D, Miah A, Wei L, He K, Bertino E, Alahmadi A, Memmott R, Kaufman J, Presley C, Shields P, Carbone D, Otterson G, Owen D. EP08.01-062 Body Mass Index, Immune Related Adverse Events, and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dawkins J, Donelson F, Bossa D, Zhang C, Sathe A, Owen D, Nam Y. P-530 tRNA fragments in follicle fluid can be explored in Diminished Ovarian Reserve patients as a marker of IVF outcomes. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can tRNA fragments in follicle fluid be explored for markers that predict blastocyst formation in patients with diminished ovarian reserve?
Summary answer
tRNA-Ser-CGA-4 is up-regulated in the follicle fluid of patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)
What is known already
tRNA fragments are a novel class of small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to play regulatory roles in reproductive biology.
Study design, size, duration
Non-Randomized case control study in patients presenting for IVF treatment at a University affiliated fertility clinic from September 2020- January 2021. Thirty three patients were included: 15 patients with DOR and 18 controls.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Patients were stimulated by appropriate protocols according to their age, diagnosis and AMH.
At retrieval, non-bloody follicle fluid (FF) was retrieved for after removing the cumulus-oophorus complex. FF was centrifuged at 1600 g x 10 mins and filtered with 80 nm filter for analysis.
Main results and the role of chance
There were no differences between the two groups with respect to age, BMI and duration of infertility. The mean age was 35.1 years
As anticipated, the mean AMH, antral follicle count and number of eggs retrieved were statistically lower in the DOR groups compared with controls (<0.05)
The fertilization rate was 61.2% in DOR vs 79.5% in controls
The blastocyst rate was 39.5% in DOR patients and 50.6% in controls
Total RNA yield was lower in DOR patients, as 50% of the DOR samples had undetectable levels (p < 0.001).
Samples were predominantly processed in duplicate. Input into the pipeline was paired end data which showed an overall tRNA fragment count that was higher in the DOR population. Log2FC showed an up-regulation of the tRNA fragments tRNA-Ser-CGA-4, tRNA-Cys-GCA-15, tRNA-Cys-GCA-10 and tRNA-Cys-GCA-19 in the DOR population.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Undetectable levels in follicle fluid of some of the DOR patients introduced selection bias
Larger sample size and broader applicability across various ethnic groups.
Wider implications of the findings
Follicle fluid can be explored to give insight into the signaling pathways of ovarian biology
Non-invasive method of assessing oocyte competence
Useful in explaining the pathophysiology of DOR
Can these findings assist is in the identification of therapeutic targets to delay the progression of age related/non-age related DOR?
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dawkins
- University of Pennsylvania, Obstetrics and Gynecology- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility , Philadelphia, U.S.A
| | - F Donelson
- Syracuse University, Biomedical and Chemical Engineering , Syracuse, U.S.A
| | - D Bossa
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Dallas, U.S.A
| | - C Zhang
- University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Biochemistry , Dallas, U.S.A
| | - A Sathe
- University of Texas Southwestern, McDermott Center- Bioinformatics Core , Dallas, U.S.A
| | - D Owen
- University of Texas Southwestern, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Dallas, U.S.A
| | - Y Nam
- University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Biochemistry , Dallas, U.S.A
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Clayton NS, Fox M, Vicenté-Garcia JJ, Schroeder CM, Littlewood TD, Wilde JI, Krishnan K, Brown MJB, Crafter C, Mott HR, Owen D. Assembly of nuclear dimers of PI3K regulatory subunits is regulated by the Cdc42-activated tyrosine kinase ACK. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101916. [PMID: 35429500 PMCID: PMC9127371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase (ACK) is an oncogenic nonreceptor tyrosine kinase associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. ACK promotes proliferation, in part by contributing to the activation of Akt, the major effector of class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), which transduce signals via membrane phosphoinositol lipids. We now show that ACK also interacts with other key components of class 1A PI3K signaling, the PI3K regulatory subunits. We demonstrate ACK binds to all five PI3K regulatory subunit isoforms and directly phosphorylates p85α, p85β, p50α, and p55α on Tyr607 (or analogous residues). We found that phosphorylation of p85β promotes cell proliferation in HEK293T cells. We demonstrate that ACK interacts with p85α exclusively in nuclear-enriched cell fractions, where p85α phosphorylated at Tyr607 (pTyr607) also resides, and identify an interaction between pTyr607 and the N-terminal SH2 domain that supports dimerization of the regulatory subunits. We infer from this that ACK targets p110-independent p85 and further postulate that these regulatory subunit dimers undertake novel nuclear functions underpinning ACK activity. We conclude that these dimers represent a previously undescribed mode of regulation for the class1A PI3K regulatory subunits and potentially reveal additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Clayton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Millie Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Trevor D Littlewood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon I Wilde
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Screening and Compound Profiling, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Kadalmani Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Murray J B Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Screening and Compound Profiling, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Crafter
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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14
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Chamberlain SG, Owen D, Mott HR. Membrane extraction by calmodulin underpins the disparate signalling of RalA and RalB. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200011. [PMID: 35318680 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Both RalA and RalB interact with the ubiquitous calcium sensor, calmodulin (CaM). New structural and biophysical characterisation of these interactions strongly suggests that, in the native membrane-associated state, only RalA can be extracted from the membrane by CaM and this non-canonical interaction could underpin the divergent signalling roles of these closely related GTPases. The isoform specificity for RalA exhibited by CaM is hypothesised to contribute to the disparate signalling roles of RalA and RalB in mitochondrial dynamics. This would lead to CaM shuttling RalA to the mitochondrial membrane but leaving RalB localisation unperturbed, and in doing so triggering mitochondrial fission pathways rather than mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Akhtar D, Donaldson MA, Akhtar NH, Owen D, Gan S. A258 ROSAI-DORFMAN0-DESTOMBES DISEASE: A RARE CAUSE OF OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859387 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes Disease (RDD) is rare histiocytic disorder that is most frequently seen in children and young adults. Gastrointestinal involvement is reported in <1% of cases and typically involves the small bowel and colon. Pancreatic and hepatic involvement has been previously reported but is extremely rare. Aims To describe a case of obstructive jaundice in the setting of a very rare histiocytic disorder known as RDD. Methods Case Report Results A 59-year old previously healthy male of Asian descent presented with obstructive jaundice. Initial imaging demonstrated intra and extrahepatic biliary duct dilation with concurrent diffuse enlargement of the pancreas compatible with autoimmune pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed with stenting and biopsy. ERCP demonstrated a distal common bile duct stricture with biopsies suggestive of low grade reactive changes and inflammation. Subsequent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided biopsy of the pancreas showed active and chronic inflammation, necrosis, and atrophic pancreatic tissue, with no definitive evidence of autoimmune pancreatitis (Figure 1). Ca-19-9 and IgG4 were normal. He was treated with a course of prednisone and responded well, with repeat CT imaging showing almost complete resolution of the previously demonstrated pancreatic changes. A diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis was made. He re-presented 6-months later, however, with fatigue and repeat imaging now displayed lymphadenopathy in the neck, chest, and abdomen, and a bulky pancreatic head with associated hepatomegaly. Lymph node excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of RDD with the presence of scattered histiocytic cells showing emperipolesis with a low number of IgG4 positive cells (Figure 1). The patient was promptly initiated on prednisone and rituximab and has since then had excellent clinical response. Conclusions RDD is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology that has a prevalence of 1:200 000. RDD clinically presents with painless bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and can manifest with both nodal and extra nodal involvement. The most common sites of extra nodal disease are the skin and central nervous system, but rarely, can also present with pancreatic involvement. The use of fine needle guided biopsy in diagnosing RDD with extra nodal disease can be limited by low yield, sclerotic tissue, or non-diagnostic findings. For this reason, RDD with pancreatic involvement can masquerade as autoimmune pancreatitis, pancreatic malignancy and IgG4-related disease.This case report raises awareness about RDD with pancreatic and biliary involvement, a rare entity, that can present with obstructive jaundice. ![]()
Figure 1: Histological sections of lymph node(left) with hystiocytic cells showing emperipolesis(arrow) and pancreas(right) showing active and chronic inflamation, necrosis and atrophy Funding Agencies None
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Affiliation(s)
- D Akhtar
- Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M A Donaldson
- The University of British Columbia Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N H Akhtar
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Owen
- The University of British Columbia Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Gan
- Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jiang SX, Towfighi S, Owen D, Tomaszewski M, Harris A, Donnellan F. A256 SURVEILLANCE OF SMALL, NON-FUNCTIONING, ASYMPTOMATIC PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS: THE BRITISH COLUMBIA EXPERIENCE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Expert consensus surrounding surveillance for small, non-functioning, asymptomatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) remains conflicting. Recent observational studies have shown that surveillance is a safe strategy while large database studies show superior overall survival with surgical resection.
Aims
To describe the growth of small (<2cm), non-functioning, asymptomatic PNETs undergoing surveillance at a tertiary hospital in British Columbia.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective case series of patients with biopsy-proven, non-functioning, asymptomatic PNETs which were <2cm by RECIST criteria at diagnosis, who were followed through active surveillance at Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia from February 1, 2011-February 1, 2021. Patients were included if serial imaging, whether by endoscopic ultrasound or cross-sectional imaging, was available for a minimum of 24 months.
Results
Of the 57 patients with pathology-proven PNETs that were identified, 14 cases were included after excluding those with resection within 1 year (n=17), lost to follow up (n=13), metastatic disease (n=6), size greater than 2cm at diagnosis (n=4), and with concurrent cancer (n=3). Included patients were predominantly female (n=10, 71%), Caucasian (n=8, 57%), and had a mean Charlson comorbidity index of 3.14. Mean PNET size at diagnosis was 12mm with standard deviation of 4.26mm. Tumors were located in the pancreatic head (n=4, 29%), body (n=6, 42%), and tail (n=4, 29%). Of 8 patients who had Ki67 stains, all were <3%, and of 11 patients with mitotic index, all had <2 mitotic figures. As such, of the 8 patients with available WHO grading, all were grade 1. The average follow-up was 49.6 months with an average tumor growth of 0.82mm per year. When grouping these tumors by growth, 9 (62%) tumors exhibited no growth, 2 tumors grew <1mm per year, 2 tumors grew 1-1.5mm per year, and 1 tumor grew 7.7mm per year. Two cases (14%) of PNETs underwent surgical resection due to size surpassing 2 cm. No patients undergoing surveillance developed metastatic disease.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, we have performed the first Canadian series of small, low-grade PNETS and demonstrated that active surveillance is a safe strategy with most tumors exhibiting no growth of several years. Of the subset of PNETs which demonstrate progression, the preceding surveillance strategy did not disadvantage patients in terms of progression to metastases and allowed for delay of potentially morbid surgery. Further research with prospective studies and larger samples should be conducted.
Funding Agencies
CAG
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Jiang
- Internal Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Towfighi
- Internal Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D Owen
- Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Tomaszewski
- Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Harris
- Internal Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F Donnellan
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Cooley J, Owen D, Zwart T, Evans T, Yu T. FLASH in the Clinic Track (Oral Presentations) DEMONSTRATION OF THE FLASH EFFECT USING MERGED FIELDS IN PROTONS AT THE BRAGG PEAK. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gits H, Breen W, Harmsen W, Garces Y, James S, Jr AS, Leenstra J, Wilson Z, Yu N, Rule W, Ashman J, Sio T, Schild S, Olivier K, Park S, Hallemeier C, Merrell K, Lucido J, Owen D. Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Lung Metastases Treated With Ablative Radiotherapy in the Modern Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Husain M, Xu M, Patel S, Johns A, Grogan M, Li M, Lopez G, Miah A, Hoyd R, Liu Y, Muniak M, Haddad T, Tinoco G, Kendra K, Otterson G, Presley C, Spakowicz D, Owen D. P40.15 Proton Pump Inhibitors, Prior Therapy and Survival in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Oezkan F, Seweryn M, Pietrzak M, Byun W, Owen D, Schulze K, Nicholas A, Hilz S, Grindheim J, Johnson A, Kwiatkowski D, Wistuba I, Johnson B, Kris M, Rusch V, Lee J, Lozanski G, Carbone D. MA09.01 LCMC3: Immune Cell Subtypes Predict Nodal Status and Pathologic Response After Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab in Resectable NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chamberlain SG, Gohlke A, Shafiq A, Squires IJ, Owen D, Mott HR. Calmodulin extracts the Ras family protein RalA from lipid bilayers by engagement with two membrane-targeting motifs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104219118. [PMID: 34480001 PMCID: PMC8433508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104219118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RalA is a small GTPase and a member of the Ras family. This molecular switch is activated downstream of Ras and is widely implicated in tumor formation and growth. Previous work has shown that the ubiquitous Ca2+-sensor calmodulin (CaM) binds to small GTPases such as RalA and K-Ras4B, but a lack of structural information has obscured the functional consequences of these interactions. Here, we have investigated the binding of CaM to RalA and found that CaM interacts exclusively with the C terminus of RalA, which is lipidated with a prenyl group in vivo to aid membrane attachment. Biophysical and structural analyses show that the two RalA membrane-targeting motifs (the prenyl anchor and the polybasic motif) are engaged by distinct lobes of CaM and that CaM binding leads to removal of RalA from its membrane environment. The structure of this complex, along with a biophysical investigation into membrane removal, provides a framework with which to understand how CaM regulates the function of RalA and sheds light on the interaction of CaM with other small GTPases, including K-Ras4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Chamberlain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Gohlke
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Arooj Shafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Iolo J Squires
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom;
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom;
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Figueira T, Owen D, Hanelt B, Shea JF. NEW DEFINITIVE HOST RECORD FOR CHORDODES MORGANI (NEMATOMORPHA) IN NEBRASKA WITH NOTES ON ECOLOGY. J Parasitol 2021; 107:769-775. [PMID: 34473291 DOI: 10.1645/20-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle and ecology of the horsehair worm Chordodes morgani (Nematomorpha) in Nebraska remain unknown. To identify its definitive host, we installed a series of pitfall traps along 3 first-order streams at 4 sites: Elk Creek, Upper Elk Creek, Maple Creek, and West Oak Creek, all located northwest of Lincoln, Nebraska. In addition, we opportunistically hand-collected insects at these sites, including wood cockroaches (Parcoblatta virginica), and maintained them in the lab until they passed adult worms. Two of these field-collected wood cockroaches each yielded 1 adult worm, which was identified as C. morgani by microscopy, showing that P. virginica serves as a definitive host. Experimental infections of captive-reared Parcoblatta americana supported this result. The wood cockroach was found at all 3 creeks, but C. morgani was not found at West Oak Creek, suggesting that the definitive host does not limit the distribution of C. morgani. Physical properties of the streams were measured to examine how these properties influenced the distribution of the worm. Flow rate and pH differed between the 3 sites where C. morgani was found and the West Oak Creek site, suggesting an important role for these abiotic factors in the distribution of this horsehair worm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Figueira
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Owen
- Department of Biology Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - B Hanelt
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology at University of New Mexico, 230 Castetter Hall, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - J F Shea
- Department of Biology Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
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Gao R, Prodduturvar P, Day C, Harmsen W, Olivier K, Merrell K, Garces Y, James S, McKone T, Ng L, Smith R, Stockham A, Wilson Z, Molina J, Leventakos K, Dimou A, Mansfield A, Amundson A, Owen D. 1175P Predictors of pneumonitis in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated on the Pacific regimen. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kowalchuk R, Mullikin T, Harmsen W, Rose P, Siontis B, Kim D, Costello B, Morris J, Marion J, Johnson-Tesch B, Gao R, Shiraishi S, Lucido J, Trifiletti D, Olivier K, Owen D, Stish B, Waddle M, Laack N, Park S, Brown P, Merrell K. OC-0405 Development and internal validation of an RPA-based pre-treatment decision tool for spinal SBRT. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ahmad Mokhtar AM, Ahmed SBM, Darling NJ, Harris M, Mott HR, Owen D. A Complete Survey of RhoGDI Targets Reveals Novel Interactions with Atypical Small GTPases. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1533-1551. [PMID: 33913706 PMCID: PMC8253491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are three RhoGDIs in mammalian cells, which were initially defined as negative regulators of Rho family small GTPases. However, it is now accepted that RhoGDIs not only maintain small GTPases in their inactive GDP-bound form but also act as chaperones for small GTPases, targeting them to specific intracellular membranes and protecting them from degradation. Studies to date with RhoGDIs have usually focused on the interactions between the "typical" or "classical" small GTPases, such as the Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 subfamily members, and either the widely expressed RhoGDI-1 or the hematopoietic-specific RhoGDI-2. Less is known about the third member of the family, RhoGDI-3 and its interacting partners. RhoGDI-3 has a unique N-terminal extension and is found to localize in both the cytoplasm and the Golgi. RhoGDI-3 has been shown to target RhoB and RhoG to endomembranes. In order to facilitate a more thorough understanding of RhoGDI function, we undertook a systematic study to determine all possible Rho family small GTPases that interact with the RhoGDIs. RhoGDI-1 and RhoGDI-2 were found to have relatively restricted activity, mainly binding members of the Rho and Rac subfamilies. RhoGDI-3 displayed wider specificity, interacting with the members of Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 subfamilies but also forming complexes with "atypical" small Rho GTPases such as Wrch2/RhoV, Rnd2, Miro2, and RhoH. Levels of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, RhoH, and Wrch2/RhoV bound to GTP were found to decrease following coexpression with RhoGDI-3, confirming its role as a negative regulator of these small Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helen R. Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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Cornish J, Owen D, Mott HR. RLIP76: A Structural and Functional Triumvirate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092206. [PMID: 34064388 PMCID: PMC8124665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RLIP76/RalBP1 is an ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione conjugates, which is overexpressed in various human cancers, but its diverse functions in normal cells, which include endocytosis, stress response and mitochondrial dynamics, are still not fully understood. The protein can be divided into three distinct regions, each with its own structural properties. At the centre of the protein are two well-defined domains, a GTPase activating protein domain targeting Rho family small G proteins and a small coiled-coil that binds to the Ras family small GTPases RalA and RalB. In engaging with Rho and Ral proteins, RLIP76 bridges these two distinct G protein families. The N-terminal region is predicted to be disordered and is rich in basic amino acids, which may mediate membrane association, consistent with its role in transport. RLIP76 is an ATP-dependent transporter with ATP-binding sites within the N-terminus and the Ral binding domain. Furthermore, RLIP76 is subject to extensive phosphorylation, particularly in the N-terminal region. In contrast, the C-terminal region is thought to form an extensive coiled-coil that could mediate dimerization. Here, we review the structural features of RLIP76, including experimental data and computational predictions, and discuss the implications of its various post-translational modifications.
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Patel S, Zhao S, Wei L, Li M, Bertino E, Presley C, Welliver M, Haglund K, Palmer J, Arnett A, Beyer S, Mende E, Elder J, Hardesty D, Shields P, Carbone D, Otterson G, Williams T, Owen D. P21.02 Incidence and Outcomes of Brain Metastases in Unresectable Stage III Patients with NSCLC Treated with Durvalumab after Chemoradiation. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Owen D, Wei L, Pilcher C, Patel S, Konda B, Shah M, Ferguson S, Benner B, Norman R, Carson W, Smith M, Vogt SM, Verschraegen C, He K, Bertino E, Presley C, Shields P, Carbone D, Otterson G. P79.04 A Phase 2 Trial of Nivolumab and Temozolomide in Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Interim Efficacy Analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee J, Chaft J, Nicholas A, Patterson A, Waqar S, Toloza E, Haura E, Raz D, Reckamp K, Merritt R, Owen D, Finley D, Mcnamee C, Blasberg J, Garon E, Mitchell J, Doebele R, Baciewicz F, Nagasaka M, Pass H, Schulze K, Phan S, Johnson A, Bunn P, Johnson B, Kris M, Kwiatkowski D, Wistuba I, Carbone D, Rusch V. PS01.05 Surgical and Clinical Outcomes With Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab in Resectable Stage IB–IIIB NSCLC: LCMC3 Trial Primary Analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Carbone D, Lee J, Kris M, Wistuba I, Kwiatkowski D, Owen D, Bunn P, Johnson B, Oezkan F, Tang Y, Parra E, Lozanski G, Rivard C, Schulze K, Nicholas A, Johnson A, Grindheim J, Shames D, Phan S, Toloza E, Haura E, Mcnamee C, Gainor J, Patterson A, Waqar S, Raz D, Reckamp K, Finley D, Rusch V, Chaft J, Abel J. OA06.06 Clinical/Biomarker Data for Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab in Resectable Stage IB-IIIB NSCLC: Primary Analysis in the LCMC3 Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Surya N, Li M, Zhao S, Wei L, Patel S, Lopez G, Johns A, Grogan M, Bertino E, He K, Shields P, Carbone D, Otterson G, Presley C, Owen D. P75.12 Prognostic Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in NSCLC Patients Receiving First Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hurd CA, Brear P, Revell J, Ross S, Mott HR, Owen D. Affinity maturation of the RLIP76 Ral binding domain to inform the design of stapled peptides targeting the Ral GTPases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100101. [PMID: 33214225 PMCID: PMC7949049 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ral GTPases have been implicated as critical drivers of cell growth and metastasis in numerous Ras-driven cancers. We have previously reported stapled peptides, based on the Ral effector RLIP76, that can disrupt Ral signaling. Stapled peptides are short peptides that are locked into their bioactive form using a synthetic brace. Here, using an affinity maturation of the RLIP76 Ral-binding domain, we identified several sequence substitutions that together improve binding to Ral proteins by more than 20-fold. Hits from the selection were rigorously analyzed to determine the contributions of individual residues and two 1.5 Å cocrystal structures of the tightest-binding mutants in complex with RalB revealed key interactions. Insights gained from this maturation were used to design second-generation stapled peptides based on RLIP76 that exhibited vastly improved selectivity for Ral GTPases when compared with the first-generation lead peptide. The binding of second-generation peptides to Ral proteins was quantified and the binding site of the lead peptide on RalB was determined by NMR. Stapled peptides successfully competed with multiple Ral-effector interactions in cellular lysates. Our findings demonstrate how manipulation of a native binding partner can assist in the rational design of stapled peptide inhibitors targeting a protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hurd
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jefferson Revell
- AstraZeneca, Sir Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Ross
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Breen W, Garces Y, Olivier K, Merrell K, Park S, Owen D, Brown P, Peikert T, Mansfield A, Marks R, Roden A, Harmsen W, Blackmon S, Wigle D. Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Pleural Mesothelioma after Extrapleural Pneumonectomy (EPP) or Pleurectomy and Decortication (P+D). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Simeth J, Aryal M, Owen D, Cuneo K, Lawrence T, Cao Y. Gadoxetate Uptake Rate as a Measure of Global and Regional Liver Function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gits H, Tang A, Harmsen W, Bamlet W, Graham R, Mahipal A, Ashman J, Rule W, Owen D, Neben-Wittich M, Ma W, Truty M, Sio T, Haddock M, Hallemeier C, Merrell K. SMAD4 as a Predictive Biomarker For Locally Aggressive Phenotype In Resected Pancreas Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lee G, Kim D, Oladeru O, Gergelis K, Haddock M, Toesca D, Koong A, Owen D, Weekes C, Hong T, Chang D, Hallemeier C, Wo J. Multi-institutional Retrospective Study Evaluating Ablative Radiotherapy of Liver Metastases from Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sophocleous G, Wood G, Owen D, Mott HR. 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of the HR1c domain of PRK1, a protein kinase C-related kinase. Biomol NMR Assign 2020; 14:245-250. [PMID: 32500230 PMCID: PMC7462907 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PRK1 is a member of the protein kinase C-related kinase (PRK) family of serine/threonine kinases and a downstream effector of Rho GTPases. PRK1 has three N-terminal Homology Region 1 (HR1) domains (HR1a, HR1b and HR1c), which form antiparallel coiled coils that interact with Rho family GTPases. PRK1 also has a C2-like domain that targets it to the plasma membrane and a kinase domain, which is a member of the protein kinase C superfamily. PRK1 is involved in cytoskeletal regulation, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression and the immune response, and is implicated in cancer. There is currently no structural information for the HR1c domain. The 1H, 15N and 13C NMR backbone and sidechain resonance assignment of the HR1c domain presented here forms the basis for this domain's structural characterisation. This work will also enable studies of interactions between the three HR1 domains in an effort to obtain structural insight into the regulation of PRK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Wood
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Department of Pathology, 10, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen R. Mott
- Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Jackson WC, Cuneo KC, Lawrence TS, Schipper MJ, Owen D. Response to Kibe Y et al. "Methodological concerns for investigating the effects of midtreatment break of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)". Radiother Oncol 2020; 147:235. [PMID: 32253019 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Jackson
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - K C Cuneo
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - T S Lawrence
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - M J Schipper
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - D Owen
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States; Mayo Clinic Rochester, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
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Cao Y, Aryal M, Lee C, Chapman C, Owen D, Dragovic A, Swiecicki P, Casper K, Worden F, Lawrence T, Eisbruch A, Mierzwa M. Radiation Sensitivity of ADC in Head and Neck Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shafiq A, Campbell LJ, Owen D, Mott HR. NMR resonance assignments for the active and inactive conformations of the small G protein RalA. Biomol NMR Assign 2020; 14:87-91. [PMID: 31916136 PMCID: PMC7069931 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-019-09925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Ral proteins (RalA and RalB) are small G proteins of the Ras family that have been implicated in exocytosis, endocytosis, transcriptional regulation and mitochondrial fission, as well as having a role in tumourigenesis. RalA and RalB are activated downstream of the master regulator, Ras, which causes the nucleotide exchange of GDP for GTP. Here we report the 1H, 15 N and 13C resonance assignments of RalA in its active form bound to the GTP analogue GMPPNP. We also report the backbone assignments of RalA in its inactive, GDP-bound form. The assignments give insight into the switch regions, which change conformation upon nucleotide exchange. These switch regions are invisible in the spectra of the active, GMPPNP bound form but the residues proximal to the switches can be monitored. RalA is also an important drug target due to its over activation in some cancers and these assignments will be extremely useful for NMR-based screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Shafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Barrett Hodgson University, Korangi Creek, Salim Habib Campus, NC-24, Deh Dih, Korangi Creek, Karachi, 74900, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Louise J Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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Tetley GJN, Murphy NP, Bonetto S, Ivanova-Berndt G, Revell J, Mott HR, Cooley RN, Owen D. The discovery and maturation of peptide biologics targeting the small G-protein Cdc42: A bioblockade for Ras-driven signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2866-2884. [PMID: 31959628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Ras signaling drives 30% of cancers, and inhibition of the Rho family small GTPase signaling has been shown to combat Ras-driven cancers. Here, we present the discovery of a 16-mer cyclic peptide that binds to Cdc42 with nanomolar affinity. Affinity maturation of this sequence has produced a panel of derived candidates with increased affinity and modulated specificity for other closely-related small GTPases. The structure of the tightest binding peptide was solved by NMR, and its binding site on Cdc42 was determined. Addition of a cell-penetrating sequence allowed the peptides to access the cell interior and engage with their target(s), modulating signaling pathways. In Ras-driven cancer cell models, the peptides have an inhibitory effect on proliferation and show suppression of both invasion and motility. As such, they represent promising candidates for Rho-family small GTPase inhibitors and therapeutics targeting Ras-driven cancers. Our data add to the growing literature demonstrating that peptides are establishing their place in the biologics arm of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J N Tetley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha P Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Bonetto
- Isogenica Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Ivanova-Berndt
- Isogenica Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Jefferson Revell
- MedImmune, Sir Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom.
| | - R Neil Cooley
- Isogenica Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom.
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Oezkan F, He K, Owen D, Pietrzak M, Cho J, Kitzler R, Pearson R, Rusch V, Chaft J, Suh R, Blasberg J, Reckamp K, Raz D, Kneuertz P, Fiorillo L, Garon E, Nicholas A, Johnson A, Schulze K, Grindheim J, Banchereau R, Phan S, Bunn P, Kwiatkowski D, Johnson B, Kris M, Wistuba I, Lee J, Lozanski G, Carbone D. OA13.07 Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab in Resectable NSCLC Patients: Immunophenotyping Results from the Interim Analysis of the Multicenter Trial LCMC3. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bertino E, Presley C, Otterson G, Owen D, He K, Carbone D, George T. EP1.12-38 Retrospective Analysis of Immunotherapy Utilization in Advanced Small Cell Carcinoma at an Academic Cancer Center. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wei L, Owen D, Mendiratta-Lala M, Rosen B, Cuneo K, Lawrence T, Haken RKT, El Naqa I. Variational Autoencoder Graph-based Radiomics Outcome Modeling of Intrahepatic Progression Risk and Overall Survival for HCC post-SBRT Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cuneo K, Devasia T, Karnak D, Ray D, Owen D, Maurino C, Schipper M, Lawrence T. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Levels Predict Radiation Induced Liver Injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jackson W, Hartman H, Gharzai L, Maurino C, Karnak D, Mendiratta-Lala M, Parikh N, Mayo C, Haken RKT, Schipper M, Cuneo K, Lawrence T, Owen D. A Mid-Treatment Increase in Albi Score Is Strongly Associated with Treatment Related Toxicity Following Liver Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jackson WC, Suresh K, Maurino C, Feng M, Cuneo KC, Ten Haken RK, Lawrence TS, Schipper MJ, Owen D. A mid-treatment break and reassessment maintains tumor control and reduces toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2019; 141:101-107. [PMID: 31431377 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly have underlying liver dysfunction with variable tolerance to liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We hypothesized that insertion of a 1-month mid-treatment break would allow us to adapt treatment to the individual patient response, thereby reducing toxicity without compromising local control (LC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed HCC patients receiving 3-5 fraction SBRT at our institution from 2005 to 2017. Over this time, patients were offered enrollment on prospective trials assessing individualized adaptive SBRT. Based on normal tissue complication probability and modeling of changes in liver function following a 1-month treatment break between fractions 3 and 4, patients could receive a total of 3 or 5 fractions. Patients not on trial received 3 or 5 fractions without a break. Toxicity was defined as a ≥2 point rise in Child-Pugh (CP) score within 6 months of SBRT. RESULTS 178 patients were treated with SBRT to 263 HCCs. Median follow-up was 23 months. 86 treatments had a 1-month break. 1-Year LC was 95.4%; this was not different between patients treated with or without a break (p = 0.14). Controlling for tumor size and dose a break was not associated with inferior LC (HR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.1-3.34, p = 0.54). 54 patients experienced a ≥2 point rise in CP score. Controlling for the number of prior liver directed therapies and mean liver dose, a treatment break reduced the odds of toxicity (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.17-1.03, p = 0.06). CONCLUSION A one-month mid-treatment break and reassessment may reduce the odds of treatment related toxicity without compromising LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Jackson
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - K Suresh
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - C Maurino
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - M Feng
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - K C Cuneo
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - R K Ten Haken
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - T S Lawrence
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - M J Schipper
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
| | - D Owen
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiation Oncology, United States.
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Bond D, Huang Y, Fisher J, Ruppert A, Owen D, Bertino E, Rogers K, Bhat S, Jaglowski S, Grever M, Byrd J, Maddocks K, Woyach J. SECOND CANCER INCIDENCE IN CLL PATIENTS RECEIVING BTK INHIBITORS. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.51_2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Bond
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - Y. Huang
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - J. Fisher
- Division of Epidemiology; The Ohio State University; Columbus United States
| | - A. Ruppert
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - D. Owen
- Division of Oncology; Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - E. Bertino
- Division of Oncology; Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - K. Rogers
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - S. Bhat
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - S. Jaglowski
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - M. Grever
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - J. Byrd
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - K. Maddocks
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
| | - J. Woyach
- Division of Hematology; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus United States
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Wilkie J, Owen D, Lipson R, Jolly S, Johnson M, Chapman C. Outcomes after lung stereotactic body radiotherapy with and without pathologic confirmation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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