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De Carlo V, Grancini B, Cassina N, Casati L, Piccoli E, Vismara M, Gobbo D, Zanaschi R, Lupo S, Olivieri S, Dell'Osso B. Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in patients treated with long-acting injectables antipsychotics: a retrospective study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:160-168. [PMID: 36729532 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present cross-sectional, retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and metabolic syndrome in a sample of psychiatric patients treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). The clinical charts of 120 patients, mainly diagnosed with schizophrenia (30.0%), schizoaffective disorder (15.0%), and bipolar disorder (13.3%) on LAIs therapy - initiated in the period from 2013 to 2019 and lasting at least one year - were retrospectively reviewed and related socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. The 70.8% of patients were treated with first-generation LAIs, and the remaining 29.2% with second-generation LAIs. The overall sample showed low compliance in performing the required exams and evaluations related to CVD risk factors. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.8%, and, considering specific CVD risk factors, 55% of the total sample reported abdominal obesity, 43.3% arterial hypertension, 41.7% low HDL-cholesterol, 25.8% hypertriglyceridemia, and 20.8% fasting hyperglycemia. Lastly, 6.7% showed prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval at the ECG. Patients treated with LAIs should be regularly monitored for metabolic changes and CVD risk factors. Metabolic changes rapidly develop after initiating an antipsychotic therapy and these often involve parameters, that can be easily recorded in an outpatient setting (e.g. abdominal obesity and hypertension).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera De Carlo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Grancini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cassina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piccoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vismara
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- 'Aldo Ravelli' Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanaschi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Olivieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- 'Aldo Ravelli' Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Pillai VV, Kumari P, Benedetto A, Gobbo D, Ballone P. Absorption of Phosphonium Cations and Dications into a Hydrated POPC Phospholipid Bilayer: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4272-4288. [PMID: 35666883 PMCID: PMC9207913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) based on an empirical force field is applied to investigate the effect of phosphonium cations ([P6,6,6,6]+) and geminal dications ([DxC10]2+) inserted at T = 300 K into the hydration layer separating planar POPC phospholipid bilayers. Up to high concentration, nearly every added cation and dication becomes absorbed into the lipid phase. Absorption takes place during several microseconds and is virtually irreversible. The neutralizing counterions ([Cl]-, in the present simulation) remain dissolved in water, giving origin to the charge separation and the strong electrostatic double layer at the water/lipid interface. Incorporation of cations and dications changes the properties of the lipid bilayer such as diffusion, viscosity, and the electrostatic pattern. At high ionic concentration, the bilayer acquires a long-wavelength standing undulation, corresponding to a change of phase from fluid planar to ripple. All these changes are potentially able to affect processes relevant in the context of cell biology. The major difference between cations and dications concerns the kinetics of absorption, which takes place nearly two times faster in the [P6,6,6,6]+ case, and for [DxC10]2+ dications displays a marked separation into two-stages, corresponding to the easy absorption of the first phosphonium head of the dication and the somewhat more activated absorption of the second phosphonium head of each dication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V.
S. Pillai
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - P. Kumari
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - A. Benedetto
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
- Department
of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, I-00154 Rome, Italy
| | - D. Gobbo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ISPSO, University
of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet
1, CH-1211, Geneva
4, Switzerland
- Computational
and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - P. Ballone
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
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Gobbo D, Cavalli A, Ballone P, Benedetto A. Computational analysis of the effect of [Tea][Ms] and [Tea][H 2PO 4] ionic liquids on the structure and stability of Aβ(17-42) amyloid fibrils. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6695-6709. [PMID: 33710213 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have reported the possibility of affecting the growth/dissolution of amyloid fibres by the addition of organic salts of the room-temperature ionic-liquid family, raising the tantalizing prospect of controlling these processes under physiological conditions. The effect of [Tea][Ms] and [Tea][H2PO4] at various concentrations on the structure and stability of a simple model of Aβ42 fibrils has been investigated by computational means. Free energy computations show that both [Tea][Ms] and [Tea][H2PO4] decrease the stability of fibrils with respect to isolated peptides in solution, and the effect is significantly stronger for [Tea][Ms]. The secondary structure of fibrils is not much affected, but single peptides in solution show a marked decrease in their β-strand character and an increase in α-propensity, again especially for [Tea][Ms]. These observations, consistent with the experimental picture, can be traced to two primary effects, i.e., the difference in the ionicity of the [Tea][Ms] and [Tea][H2PO4] water solutions and the remarkable affinity of peptides for [Ms]- anions, due to the multiplicity of H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gobbo
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
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Kumari P, Pillai VVS, Gobbo D, Ballone P, Benedetto A. The transition from salt-in-water to water-in-salt nanostructures in water solutions of organic ionic liquids relevant for biological applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:944-959. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04959j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Computer simulations show how nano-structural motifs in organic salts/water solutions change with salt content increasing from dilute to highly concentrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Kumari
- School of Physics
- University College
- Dublin
- Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
| | - V. V. S. Pillai
- School of Physics
- University College
- Dublin
- Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
| | - D. Gobbo
- Computational and Chemical Biology
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Genova
- Italy
| | - P. Ballone
- School of Physics
- University College
- Dublin
- Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
| | - A. Benedetto
- School of Physics
- University College
- Dublin
- Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gobbo
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - P. Ballone
- School of Physics, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B. D. Garabato
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
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Gobbo D, Ballone P, Decherchi S, Cavalli A. Solubility Advantage of Amorphous Ketoprofen. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects by Molecular Dynamics and Free Energy Approaches. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4126-4140. [PMID: 32463689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of crystalline (c-KTP) and amorphous (a-KTP) ketoprofen dissolution in water have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulation focusing on free energy properties. Absolute free energies of all relevant species and phases have been determined by thermodynamic integration on a novel path, first connecting the harmonic to the anharmonic system Hamiltonian at low T and then extending the result to the temperature of interest. The free energy required to transfer one ketoprofen molecule from the crystal to the solution is in fair agreement with the experimental value. The absolute free energy of the amorphous form is 19.58 kJ/mol higher than for the crystal, greatly enhancing the ketoprofen concentration in water, although as a metastable species in supersaturated solution. The kinetics of the dissolution process has been analyzed by computing the free energy profile along a reaction coordinate bringing one ketoprofen molecule from the crystal or amorphous phase to the solvated state. This computation confirms that, compared to the crystal form, the dissolution rate is nearly 7 orders of magnitude faster for the amorphous form, providing one further advantage to the latter in terms of bioavailability. The problem of drug solubility, of great practical importance, is used here as a test bed for a refined method to compute absolute free energies, which could be of great interest in biophysics and drug discovery in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gobbo
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - P Ballone
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy.,School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Decherchi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - A Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy.,University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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