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Mohammadkhani M, Gholami D, Riazi G. The effects of chronic morphine administration on spatial memory and microtubule dynamicity in male mice's brain. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:300-308. [PMID: 38390235 PMCID: PMC10881431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The examination of the influence of morphine on behavioral processes, specifically learning and memory, holds significant importance. Additionally, microtubule proteins play a pivotal role in cellular functions, and the dynamics of microtubules contribute to neural network connectivity, information processing, and memory storage. however, the molecular mechanism of morphine on microtubule dynamics, learning, and memory remains uncovered. In the present study, we examined the effects of chronic morphine administration on memory formation impairment and the kinetic alterations in microtubule proteins induced by morphine in mice. Chronic morphine administration at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg dose-dependently decreased subjects' performance in spatial memory tasks, such as the Morris Water Maze and Y-maze spontaneous alternation behavior. Furthermore, morphine was found to stabilize microtubule structure, and increase polymerization, and total polymer mass. However, it simultaneously impaired microtubule dynamicity, stemming from structural changes in tubulin dimer structure. These findings emphasize the need for careful consideration of different doses when using morphine, urging a more cautious approach in the administration of this opioid medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohammadkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Gholami
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gholami D, Sharafi M, Esmaeili V, Nadri T, Alaei L, Riazi G, Shahverdi A. Beneficial effects of trehalose and gentiobiose on human sperm cryopreservation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271210. [PMID: 37053285 PMCID: PMC10101468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The protection of human sperm during cryopreservation is of great importance to infertility. Recent studies have shown that this area is still a long way from its ultimate aim of maintaining the maximum viability of sperm in cryopreservation. The present study used trehalose and gentiobiose to prepare the human sperm freezing medium during the freezing-thawing. The freezing medium of sperm was prepared with these sugars, and the sperm were then cryopreserved. The viable cells, sperm motility parameters, sperm morphology, membrane integrity, apoptosis, acrosome integrity, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen radicals, and malondialdehyde concentration was evaluated using standard protocols. A higher percentage of the total and progressive motility, rate of viable sperm, cell membrane integrity, DNA and acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in the two frozen treatment groups compared to the frozen control. The cells had less abnormal morphology due to treatment with the new freezing medium than the frozen control. The higher malondialdehyde and DNA fragmentation were significantly observed in the two frozen treatment groups than in the frozen control. According to the results of this study, the use of trehalose and gentiobiose in the sperm freezing medium is a suitable strategy for sperm freezing to improve its motion and cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Gholami
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Esmaeili
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Touba Nadri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Loghman Alaei
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
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Nadri T, Towhidi A, Zeinoaldini S, Riazi G, Sharafi M, Zhandi M, Kastelic J, Gholami D. Supplementation of freezing medium with encapsulated or free glutathione during cryopreservation of bull sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:515-523. [PMID: 35088462 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare effects of encapsulated or free glutathione (GSH) on quality of frozen-thawed bull sperm. Ejaculates were collected via artificial vagina from six mature Holstein bulls once weekly for 6 weeks. All ejaculates had motility ≥70%, sperm concentration ≥1.0 × 109 /mL and ≤15% morphologically abnormal sperm. Each week, semen was pooled and diluted with lecithin-based extenders containing various concentrations of encapsulated (E0, E1, E2.5 and E5 mM) or free (F0, F1, F2.5 and F5 mM) GSH, with total glutathione content determined before and after cryopreservation. Total GSH in fresh semen was (mean+SEM) 4.8 ± 0.2 nmol/108 sperm, whereas in frozen-thawed semen of group F0 (control), it decreased to 1.4 ± 0.2 nmol/108 sperm, a 70.8% reduction (P<0.05). In addition, total GSH in frozen-thawed semen from groups E2.5, E5 and F5 were 2.4 ± 0.2, 2.8 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.2 nmol/108 sperm, respectively (E5 vs. F0, P<0.05). Compared to group F0, frozen-thawed sperm from group E2.5 had greater (P<0.05) percentages of sperm that were viable (Annexin-V) (61.1 ± 1.8 vs 71.1 ± 1.8) and that had cell membrane integrity (eosin-nigrosin) (64.5 ± 3.1 vs 80.0 ± 3.1). Furthermore, frozen-thawed sperm from group E2.5 had the numerically highest total and progressive motility (CASA) and cell membrane functionality (HOS) and the lowest percentage of early apoptotic sperm (Annexin-V). However, acrosome membrane integrity (PSA) of E5 had the lowest mean (P<0.05), whereas E2.5 caused a small nonsignificant decrease (69.1 ± 1.4%) compared to E0 and F0. In conclusion, 2.5 mM encapsulated GSH in semen extender significantly improved the quality of frozen-thawed bull sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touba Nadri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Armin Towhidi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Zeinoaldini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zhandi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - John Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dariush Gholami
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Gholami D, Noori AR, Mohammadkhani M, Emruzi Z, Riazi GH. The long-term effects of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on microtubule dynamicity in rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108574. [PMID: 32898566 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies reported that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is an essential drug as an anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory agent. However, the mechanism by which Δ9-THC causes these events remains to be elucidated. We attempted to investigate the in vivo studies of Δ9-THC on brain microtubule dynamicity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The microtubule polymerization, secondary and tertiary structures of α/β-tubulins, as well as the AChE activity, were evaluated in the experimental groups. The significantly lowest optical density and initial rate of polymerization was observed in THC 3 mg/kg, THC 9 mg/kg, and THC 18 mg/kg treated groups. The content of secondary and tertiary structures of α/β-tubulins was significantly affected in treated groups. The AChE activity was significantly lower in treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. These data highlight the microtubule dynamicity as a molecular target for Δ9-THC, which affects memory dysfunction. However, Δ9-THC can be inhibited the AChE activity and provide an improved therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Gholami
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Mohammadkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Emruzi
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Riazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gholami D, Ghaffari SM, Riazi G, Fathi R, Benson J, Shahverdi A, Sharafi M. Electromagnetic field in human sperm cryopreservation improves fertilizing potential of thawed sperm through physicochemical modification of water molecules in freezing medium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221976. [PMID: 31487313 PMCID: PMC6728042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of water molecules as the main compositions of the freezing media can be affected by the electromagnetic fled. The purpose of this study was to apply extremely low repetition rate electromagnetic fields (ELEFs) to change the molecular network of water molecules existing in freezing media used for human sperm cryopreservation. First, different time periods and pulsed electromagnetic fields were used to evaluate the physiochemical properties of water. The lowest rate of cluster size, surface tension, viscosity, and density was observed for water samples exposed to 1000 Hz ELEF for 60 min (P < 0.05) that could be results in small ice crystal formation. Therefore, this treatment was selected for further evaluations in human sperm freezing because there was minimal probability of amorphous ice crystallization in this group. To assess fertilizing potential, human semen samples were subjected to ELEF (1000 Hz) water-made freezing medium and cryopreserved. The highest percentage of total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA integrity, and TAC were obtained in frozen ELEF as compared to other groups. The percentage of viable spermatozoa (Annexin V-/PI-) in frozen ELEF was significantly higher than in frozen control. The level of ROS was significantly lower in frozen ELEF when compared to frozen control. It can be concluded that the modification of physicochemical properties of water existing in cryopreservation media by ELEF is a suitable strategy to improve the outcome of cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Gholami
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - James Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Gholami D, Riazi G, Fathi R, Sharafi M, Shahverdi A. Comparison of polymerization and structural behavior of microtubules in rat brain and sperm affected by the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:41. [PMID: 31464580 PMCID: PMC6716927 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microtubule proteins are able to produce electromagnetic fields and have an important role in memory formation, and learning. Therefore, microtubules have the potential to be affected by exogenous electromagnetic fields. This study aimed to examine the comparison of microtubule polymerization and its structural behavior in brain and sperm affected by 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELEF). Results Twenties adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into control and experimental groups, to evaluate the effect of 50 Hz ELEF on the sperm and brain functions. Plus-maze, serum testosterone and corticosterone, and sperm evaluation were performed. Next, the semen and brain samples were obtained, and they were divided into four experimental groups for investigation of microtubule polymerization. There was no significant difference in testosterone and, corticosterone levels, anxiety behaviors, and sperm morphology between control and ELEF-exposure groups. The sperm viability, total and progressive motility were significantly higher in the ELEF-exposed group than that of the control group. The microtubule polymerization in sperm ELEF was significantly higher than in other groups. The secondary and tertiary structures of tubulins were significantly affected in the brain, and sperm ELEF groups. Conclusion It seems that the polymerization of microtubules and conformational changes of tubulin dimers are improved by ELEF application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Gholami
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran. .,Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Gholami D, Sharafi M, Shahverdi A, Riazi GH, Fathi R, Ghaffari SM, Esmaeili V. The modification of physicochemical characteristics of freezing media during the human sperm cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gholami D, Ghaffari SM, Shahverdi A, Sharafi M, Riazi G, Fathi R, Esmaeili V, Hezavehei M. Proteomic analysis and microtubule dynamicity of human sperm in electromagnetic cryopreservation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9483-9497. [PMID: 30074256 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proteomic changes, microtubule dynamicity, and quality parameters of human sperm were investigated during cryopreservation in an extremely low electromagnetic field (ELEF) condition. Semen samples were obtained from 210 healthy individuals with normospermia and then were divided into three experimental groups: fresh control, frozen control, and frozen ELEF group. Shotgun proteomics was performed to assess the identification of microtubule proteins of the sperm in experimental groups. Microtubule dynamicity, secondary, and tertiary structure modifications of tubulins, characteristics of transmission electron microscopy of sperm as well as sperm quality parameters were evaluated. The expression ratios of α- and β-tubulins were significantly increased after cryopreservation compared with fresh control while this ratio was not significantly different in frozen ELEF group. The expression ratio of tubulin polymerization-promoting protein was significantly decreased after cryopreservation compared with fresh control. The length, width, and the activity of microtubule, secondary, and tertiary structures of tubulins, motility, and the viability of the sperm were decreased in frozen control as compared with fresh control. The microtubule activity, secondary, and tertiary structures of sperm tubulin in frozen ELEF group were higher than frozen control. Transmission electron microscopy of microtubules showed that the size of the width and length of the microtubules in frozen ELEF group were greater than frozen control. Motility, viability, and reactive oxygen species levels were improved in frozen ELEF group when compared with frozen control. While the microtubule dynamicity of the sperm was affected by the cryopreservation, this trait was improved during the electromagnetic cryopreservation resulted in better motility and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Gholami
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmood Ghaffari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Embryology, Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Esmaeili
- Department of Embryology, Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology, Reproduction Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACER, Tehran, Iran
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Emruzi Z, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Alikhajeh J, Haghbeen K, Gholami D. Improving the thermostability of Serratia marcescens B4A chitinase via G191V site-directed mutagenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:64-70. [PMID: 29733926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases with high thermostability are important for many industrial and biotechnological applications. This study was conducted to enhance the stability of Serratia marcescens B4A chitinase by site directed mutagenesis of G191 V. Further characterization showed that the thermal stability of the mutant showed marked increase of about 5 and 15 fold at 50 and 60 °C respectively, while the optimum temperature and pH was retained. Kinetic analysis showed decreased Km and Vmax of the mutant in comparison with the wild type chitinase of about 1.3 and 3 fold, respectively. Based on structural prediction, it was speculated that this replacement shortened an important loop concomitant with the extension of adjacent β sheets. Accordingly, a higher thermostability of G191 V up to 90 °C supporting the decreased flexibility of unfolded state was also indicated. Finally, a practical proof of kinetic and thermal stabilization of chitinase was provided through decreased flexibility and entropic stabilization of its surface loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Emruzi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan Alikhajeh
- Departments of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Gholami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Tashakor A, Hosseinzadehdehkordi M, Emruzi Z, Gholami D. Isolation and identification of a novel bacterium, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. dgh strain 5, and optimization of growth condition for highest antagonistic activity. Microb Pathog 2017; 106:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gholami D, Goodarzi T, Aminzadeh S, Alavi SM, Kazemipour N, Farrokhi N. Bacterial Secretome Analysis in Hunt for Novel Bacteriocins with Ability to Control Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri. Iran J Biotechnol 2015; 13:10-19. [PMID: 28959294 PMCID: PMC5435018 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causative agent of bacterial citrus canker, has affected citriculture worldwide. Varieties of means have been used to minimize its devastating effects, but no attention has been given to bacteriocins. OBJECTIVES Here and for the first time, we report the isolation and characterization of two novel bacteriocins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Secretome containing bacteriocins of isolated bacteria was separated via SDS-PAGE. Each isolated protein band was characterized and checked for its efficacy in controlling two pathogenic isolates of Xcc via disk diffusion assay. The effects of varieties of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources were evaluated on both bacterial growth and bacteriocin production via Taguchi orthogonal method. RESULTS The two bacteriocins showed an activity up to 55ºC that were sensitive to proteases suggesting being protein in nature. Analysis of SDS-PAGE purified protein bands of bacterial secretomes with demonstrated potency against Xcc revealed the presence of peptides with relative molecular masses of 16.9 and 17 kDa for Cronobacter and Enterobacter, respectively. Sequence analysis of peptides revealed an HCP1 family VI secretion system homologue for Cronobacter (YP_001439956) and pilin FimA homologue for Enterobacter (CBK85798.1). A Taguchi orthogonal array was also implemented to determine the effect of temperature and eight other chemical factors on bacteriocin production for each bacterium. CONCLUSIONS Two peptides with novel antibacterial activities effective against Xcc were isolated, characterized and conditions were optimized for their higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Gholami
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Science Department, Sistan-Baluchistan University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Goodarzi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Alavi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naser Farrokhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown origin. Lymphocytic inflammation is dominated by expression of Th1 type cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a Th2 cytokine which is expressed by CD4+ T cells and has been shown to suppress TNFalpha in human blood monocytes. The role of IL-13 as a possible anti-inflammatory cytokine in sarcoidosis was investigated. METHODS mRNA expression of IL-13, IL-4, IL-10, and TNFalpha in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells and peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBM) of 18 patients with sarcoidosis and nine healthy controls was assessed using RT-PCR. In addition, IL-13 protein levels in BAL cell culture supernatants from 12 patients and all controls were measured and immunocytochemistry of IL-13 protein was performed in BAL fluid cells of eight patients. TNFalpha concentrations were measured with and without stimulation with recombinant human (rh) IL-13, rhIL-10, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS IL-13 mRNA expression was significantly increased in BAL cells and PBM of patients compared with controls (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in IL-4 mRNA or IL-10 mRNA expression in BAL fluid cells or PBM between the two groups. TNFalpha mRNA expression was significantly higher in BAL fluid cells of patients than controls (p<0.05). IL-13 protein levels in BAL cell culture supernatants were slightly raised in half the patients investigated but in only two controls. Immunocytochemistry detected IL-13 protein in alveolar macrophages of patients. IL-13 led to decreased TNFalpha concentrations (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-13 expression is increased in BAL cells and PBM in sarcoidosis and IL-13 is secreted from BAL cells. Alveolar macrophages may be the cellular source. These data suggest that IL-13 might have an anti-inflammatory effect by acting on TNFalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-P Hauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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