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Vončina D, Jagunić M, De Stradis A, Diaz-Lara A, Al Rwahnih M, Šćepanović M, Almeida RPP. New Host Plant Species of Grapevine Virus A Identified with Vector-Mediated Infections. Plant Dis 2024; 108:125-130. [PMID: 37498631 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0607-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine virus A (GVA) is an economically important virus and a member of the genus Vitivirus (family Betaflexiviridae) that causes a range of symptoms with qualitative and quantitative effects on grape production. Wild and domesticated species of Vitis, including hybrids used as rootstocks, are considered important natural hosts of GVA. Mechanical transmission to some herbaceous plant species, graft transmission, and vector transmission from grape to grape by various mealybugs and soft scale insects have been reported. Under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, this study demonstrates the transmission of GVA from grapes to alternative hosts by the vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus). Results of ELISA, end-point one-step RT-PCR, and real-time RT-PCR, and in some cases electron microscopy and genome sequencing, confirmed successful transmission to three new plant species commonly found in Croatian vineyards: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), along with Chenopodium murale and the previously known host Nicotiana benthamiana, with variable infection rates. Depending on the host species, symptoms in the form of leaf reddening, yellow spots, reduced growth of lateral shoots, systemic vein clearing, foliar deformation and rugosity, and dwarfism were observed in GVA-infected plants, whereas no symptoms were observed in infected plants of A. theophrasti. Reverse transmission from these new hosts to grapevines by Pl. ficus was not successful. These results confirm four new GVA host species and open new research venues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Martin Jagunić
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Maja Šćepanović
- Department of Weed Science, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
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Jagunić M, Diaz-Lara A, Szőke L, Rwahnih MA, Stevens K, Zdunić G, Vončina D. Incidence and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Virus G in Croatian Vineyards. Plants 2022; 11:plants11182341. [PMID: 36145740 PMCID: PMC9506455 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine virus G (GVG) is a recently discovered vitivirus infecting grapevines. Historically, viruses in the genus Vitivirus have been associated with the grapevine rugose wood disease. Based on new and previously reported GVG isolates, primers and probes were developed for real-time RT-PCR. The developed assay successfully detected the virus in infected plants during dormancy and the growing season. A field study of 4327 grapevines from Croatian continental and coastal wine-growing regions confirmed the presence of GVG in 456 (~10.5%) grapevines from three collection plantations and 77 commercial vineyards, with infection rates ranging from 2% to 100%. Interestingly, the virus was confirmed only in vines considered to be Croatian autochthonous cultivars, but not in introduced cultivars. A 564-nucleotide long portion of the coat protein gene from previously known and newly characterized GVG isolates had nucleotide and amino acid identities ranging from 89% to 100% and from 96.8% to 100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed five distinct groups, with isolates originating from the same site being close to each other, indicating possible local infection. The information presented in this manuscript sets the stage for future studies to better understand the ecology and epidemiology of GVG and the possible need for inclusion in certification schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jagunić
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Lóránt Szőke
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristian Stevens
- Computer Science and Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Goran Zdunić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Vončina D, Diaz-Lara A, Preiner D, Al Rwahnih M, Stevens K, Jurić S, Malenica N, Šimon S, Meng B, Maletić E, Fulgosi H, Cvjetković B. Virus and Virus-like Pathogens in the Grapevine Virus Collection of Croatian Autochthonous Grapevine Cultivars. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1485. [PMID: 35684258 PMCID: PMC9182833 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine collections play an important role, especially in the study of viruses and virus-like pathogens. In 2009, after an initial ELISA screening for eight viruses (arabis mosaic virus, grapevine fanleaf virus, grapevine fleck virus, grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1, 2, and 3, and grapevine viruses A and B), a collection of 368 grapevine accessions representing 14 different Croatian autochthonous cultivars and containing single or mixed infection of viruses was established to further characterize the viral pathogens. Subsequently, Western blot, RT-PCR, cloning, and sequencing revealed that grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus was frequently found in accessions of the collection, with isolates showing substantial genetic diversity in the helicase and coat protein regions. High-throughput sequencing of 22 grapevine accessions provides additional insight into the viruses and viroids present in the collection and confirms the fact that Croatian autochthonous grapevine cultivars have high infection rates and high virome diversity. The recent spread of "flavescence dorée" phytoplasma in Europe has not spared the collection. After the first symptoms observed in 2020 and 2021, the presence of phytoplasma was confirmed by LAMP in six grapevine accessions and some of them were lost. Single or multiple viruses and viroids, as well as own rooted grapevines in the collection, make the plants susceptible to various abiotic factors, which, together with the recent occurrence of "flavescence dorée", makes the maintenance of the collection a challenge. Future efforts will be directed towards renewing the collection, as 56% of the original collection has been lost in the last 13 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro 76130, Mexico;
| | - Darko Preiner
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Kristian Stevens
- Foundation Plant Services, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.R.); (K.S.)
- Departments of Computer Science and Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Snježana Jurić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (H.F.)
| | - Nenad Malenica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Silvio Šimon
- Directorate for the Professional Support for the Development of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Edi Maletić
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Fulgosi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.J.); (H.F.)
| | - Bogdan Cvjetković
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Čarija M, Radić T, Černi S, Mucalo A, Zdunić G, Vončina D, Jagunić M, Hančević K. Prevalence of Virus Infections and GLRaV-3 Genetic Diversity in Selected Clones of Croatian Indigenous Grapevine Cultivar Plavac Mali. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020176. [PMID: 35215120 PMCID: PMC8876015 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultivar Plavac Mali (Vitis vinifera L.), the most important indigenous red grapevine cultivar in Croatia, was tested for the presence of 16 grapevine viruses. Thirty-five samples from the collection vineyard were tested for the presence of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses-1, -2, and -3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3, respectively), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine virus-A (GVA), -B (GVB), -G (GVG), -H (GVH), -I (GVI), -J (GVJ), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV), and grapevine pinot gris virus (GPGV) by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, standard PCR was conducted for grapevine badnavirus 1 (GBV-1) and grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV). Mixed infections were most common and GLRaV-3, the most abundant virus found in 85.71% of the vines tested, was further molecularly characterised. Different genomic variants of the heat shock protein homologue (HSP70h) were separated by cloning, detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, sequenced, and phylogenetically analysed. The presence of phylogenetic groups I and II was only confirmed. This study demonstrates the high virus infection rate of Plavac Mali vines and the heterogeneity of GLRaV-3 present nowadays in a collection vineyard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Čarija
- Institute for Adriatic Crops, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Č.); (T.R.); (A.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Tomislav Radić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Č.); (T.R.); (A.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Silvija Černi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Mucalo
- Institute for Adriatic Crops, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Č.); (T.R.); (A.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Goran Zdunić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Č.); (T.R.); (A.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (M.J.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Jagunić
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.V.); (M.J.)
| | - Katarina Hančević
- Institute for Adriatic Crops, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Č.); (T.R.); (A.M.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21434435
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Jagunić M, Lazarević B, Nikolić K, Stupić D, Preiner D, Vončina D. Detection, Transmission, and Characterization of Grapevine Virus H in Croatia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121578. [PMID: 34959533 PMCID: PMC8704696 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of recently discovered vitiviruses was performed on 113 Croatian autochthonous grapevine cultivars from the national collection “Jazbina” using one-step RT-PCR. The presence of grapevine virus H (GVH) was confirmed in nine (7.9%) cultivars and grapevine virus G in eight (7.1%), while the presence of grapevine viruses I and J were not detected. GVH was transmitted by the vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) from a source plant to grapevine seedlings with a 10.5% transmission rate using a combination of 10 first and second instars per plant with 48 and 72 h of acquisition and inoculation access period, respectively. Transmission correlated with the presence of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) in the GVH-source plant and recipient seedlings. No alternative GVH host was identified. A comparison of 356 nt fragments of the RdRP and CP coding regions showed nucleotide identity between the Croatian GVH isolates in the range of 95.5–99.2% and 97.5–99.4% and amino acid identity between 95.8 and 100% and between 98.3 and 100%, respectively. Comparison with foreign isolates revealed nucleotide sequence similarity in the RdRP and CP between 94 and 100% and between 97.7–100%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of GVH in Croatia and the first identification of the vine mealybug as a vector of GVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jagunić
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Nikolić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Domagoj Stupić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Darko Preiner
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CroP-BioDiv), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1239-3971
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Vončina D, Almeida RPP. Screening of some Croatian autochthonous grapevine varieties reveals a multitude of viruses, including novel ones. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2239-2243. [PMID: 29680925 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of total RNA samples from four Croatian autochthonous grapevine varieties revealed the presence of a novel virus in two grapevine accessions. The complete genome sequence of a novel virus, tentatively named "grapevine badnavirus 1" (GBV-1), was reconstructed from a de novo-assembled contig. GBV-1 has a genome of 7,145 nucleotides containing three ORFs with sequence similarity to other badnaviruses. In addition, several other viruses and viroids, including grapevine virus G, grapevine virus K/D, grapevine virus T, grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus, grapevine yellow speckle viroids 1 and 2, and hop stunt viroid were detected and identified for the first time in Croatian grapevines in the course of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Prator CA, Kashiwagi CM, Vončina D, Almeida RPP. Infection and Colonization of Nicotiana benthamiana by Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3. Virology 2017; 510:60-66. [PMID: 28710957 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease is an increasing problem in all grape-growing regions of the world. The most widespread agent of the disease, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), has never been shown to infect species outside of the genus Vitis. Virus transmission to several plant species used as model systems was tested using the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus. We show that GLRaV-3 is able to infect Nicotiana benthamiana. Working with GLRaV-3 infected N. benthamiana revealed distinct advantages in comparison with its natural host Vitis vinifera, yielding both higher viral protein and virion concentrations in western blot and transmission electron microscopy observations, respectively. Immunogold labelling of thin sections through N. benthamiana petioles revealed filamentous particles in the phloem cells of GLRaV-3 positive plants. Comparison of assembled whole genomes from GLRaV-3 infected V. vinifera vs. N. benthamiana revealed substitutions in the 5' UTR. These results open new avenues and opportunities for GLRaV-3 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Prator
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chloe M Kashiwagi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Abstract
A survey was conducted on nine autochthonous grapevine cultivars grown along the Croatian coastal region. In total, 48 vines (44 from germplasm collection, 4 from vineyards) originating from 23 sites were tested for 26 viruses using molecular methods. Results revealed high infection rates with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3); Grapevine virus A (GVA, both 91.7%); Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV, 87.5%); and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV, 83.3%). Other detected viruses were: Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV); Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1, 2, and strains of 4 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-4); Grapevine viruses B, D, F (GVB, GVD, GVF); Grapevine red globe virus (GRGV); Grapevine vein feathering virus (GVFV); Grapevine Syrah virus 1 (GSyV-1); and Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). No virus-free vine was found. Mixed infections were determined in all vines, the number of viruses in a single vine ranged from three to nine. GLRaV-3 variant typing confirmed presence of group I, II, and III. Four vines with leaf deformation and mottling were positive for GPGV. Seven viruses (GLRaV-4-like group, GVD, GVE, GVF, GRGV, GSyV-1, and GVFV) were detected for the first time in Croatia. This survey confirmed the deteriorated sanitary status of autochthonous Croatian grapevine cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Vončina
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Adib Rowhani
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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