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Smith DH, Kuntz JL, DeBar LL, Mesa J, Yang X, Schneider J, Petrik A, Reese K, Thorsness LA, Boardman D, Johnson ES. A randomized, pragmatic, pharmacist-led intervention reduced opioids following orthopedic surgery. Am J Manag Care 2018; 24:515-521. [PMID: 30452208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether a pharmacist-led, patient-directed intervention can reduce opioid use following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). STUDY DESIGN Randomized trial. METHODS Patients scheduled to undergo THA or TKA (during 2015 and 2016) were randomized to usual care or intervention. We ranked patients according to predicted risk of persistent opioid use and selected the top 60% for inclusion (n = 561); all contributed to the analysis. Intervention patients were mailed materials 2 weeks before and after surgery, plus they received telephone intervention from specially trained pharmacists if they filled opioid prescriptions in the 28 to 90 days following surgery. Our primary outcome was the dispensed morphine equivalents (DME) in the 90 days following surgery, modeled using a natural log transformation. RESULTS A total of 561 patients were randomized (286 usual care, 118 THA and 168 TKA; 275 intervention, 107 THA and 168 TKA); the mean age was 66 years, and 60% were female. Overall, we found no meaningful reduction in DME for intervention versus usual care (geometric mean ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.69-1.21]). However, there was effect modification by whether the patient had TKA or THA (interaction P <.01). Those undergoing THA in the intervention group used significantly less DME than did those undergoing THA in the usual care group (geometric mean ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33-0.82]). CONCLUSIONS Our pharmacist-led, patient-directed intervention to reduce opioid use demonstrated a reduction in opioid dispensings in the 90 days following THA but not TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227.
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Smith DH, Kuntz J, DeBar L, Mesa J, Yang X, Boardman D, Schneider J. A qualitative study to develop materials educating patients about opioid use before and after total hip or total knee arthroplasty. J Opioid Manag 2018; 14:183-190. [PMID: 30044483 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2018.0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors undertook a qualitative study with open-ended, structured interviews to understand patient)s educational needs for patients undergoing total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). DESIGN Provider interviews explored their approach with THA/TKA patients on: pain management; barriers to opioid tapering; and recommendations/changes on educational materials to support pain management and opioid reduction. Patient interviews explored their experience, understanding, beliefs surrounding opioids, and recommendations on important content. A qualitative methodologist conducted interviews and content analysis to identify key themes. SETTING Kaiser Permanente Northwest, community setting. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS A purposeful sampling method identified interviewees (surgeons, advice nurses, physical therapists, physician assistants, and patients). Patients were recent THA/TKA cases in the top third of opioid use after surgery. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Qualitative study. RESULTS Recommendations for patient educational content included: (1) clear descriptions of how opioids work in the body, how to taper, nonopioid pain management options, and problems from overuse; (2) messaging on how long to expect to use opioids and type of pain to expect; (3) visual timeline to illustrate opioid tapering and exercise expectations; (4) emphasize that pain management is multimodal, and stress the balance between opioids for recovery versus overuse; (5) provide educational messaging multiple times prior to and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Patients and providers agreed that clearly stated verbal and written messaging is needed beyond what has typically been done regarding opioid expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer Kuntz
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lynn DeBar
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jill Mesa
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiuhai Yang
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Boardman
- Northwest Permanente, Orthopaedic Surgery, Portland, Oregon
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Vaikunthanathan T, Safinia N, Boardman D, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. Regulatory T cells: tolerance induction in solid organ transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:197-210. [PMID: 28422316 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of regulatory T cell (Treg ) therapy in transplantation is now a reality. Significant advances in science and technology have enabled us to isolate human Tregs , expand them to clinically relevant numbers and infuse them into human transplant recipients. With several Phase I/II trials under way investigating Treg safety and efficacy it is now more crucial than ever to understand their complex biology. However, our journey is by no means complete; results from these trials will undoubtedly provoke both further knowledge and enquiry which, alongside evolving science, will continue to drive the optimization of Treg therapy in the pursuit of transplantation tolerance. In this review we will summarize current knowledge of Treg biology, explore novel technologies in the setting of Treg immunotherapy and address key prerequisites surrounding the clinical application of Tregs in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vaikunthanathan
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Safinia
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Boardman
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R I Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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Gindy ME, DiFelice K, Kumar V, Prud'homme RK, Celano R, Haas RM, Smith JS, Boardman D. Mechanism of macromolecular structure evolution in self-assembled lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Langmuir 2014; 30:4613-22. [PMID: 24684657 DOI: 10.1021/la500630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a leading platform for therapeutic delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Optimization of LNPs as therapeutic products is enabled by the development of structure-activity relationships (SAR) linking LNP physiochemical and macromolecular properties to bioperformance. Methods by which LNP properties can be rationally manipulated are thus critical enablers of this fundamental knowledge build. In this work, we present a mechanistic study of LNP self-assembly via a rapid antisolvent precipitation process and identify critical physiochemical and kinetic parameters governing the evolution of LNP three-dimensional macromolecular structure as a biorelevant SAR feature. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, LNPs are shown to undergo a temporal evolution in macromolecular structure during self-assembly, rearranging from initially disordered phases after precipitation into well-ordered structures following a necessary annealing stage of the assembly sequence. The ability of LNPs to undergo structural reorganization is shown to be effected by the chemical nature of the aqueous antisolvent used for precipitation. Antisolvents of varying buffering species differentially influence LNP macromolecular features, revealing a new participatory role of buffer ions in LNP self-assembly. Furthermore, the formation of macromolecular structure in LNPs is shown to improve the efficiency of siRNA encapsulation, thereby offering a simple, nonchemical route for preparation of high-payload LNPs that minimize the dose of lipid excipients. The developed LNP precipitation process and mechanistic understanding of self-assembly are shown to be generalizable, enabling the production of LNPs with a tunable range of macromolecular features, as evidenced by the cubic, hexagonal, and oligo-lamellar phase LNPs exemplarily generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Gindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of RNA Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc. , West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Gauge N, Varrier M, Boardman D, Hernandez-Fuentes M, Ostermann M. Human acute kidney injury is associated with a proinflammatory phenotype. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4069383 DOI: 10.1186/cc13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Arrington L, Boardman D, Davis J, Xu Y, DiFelice K, Stirdivant S, Wang W, Budzik B, Bawiec J, Deng J, Beutner G, Seifried D, Stanton M, Gindy M, Leone A. The development of an in vitro assay to screen lipid based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2013; 174:7-14. [PMID: 24240015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In order to rapidly screen and select lead candidates for in vivo evaluation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for systemic small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, an in vitro assay amenable to high-throughput screening (HTS) is developed. The strategy is to mimic the in vivo experience of LNPs after systemic administration, such as interactions with serum components, exposure to endosomal pH environments, and interactions with endosomal membrane lipids. It is postulated that the amount of siRNA released from LNPs after going through these treatments can be used as a screening tool to rank order the effectiveness of siRNA delivery by lipid nanoparticles in vivo. LNPs were incubated with 50% serum from different species (i.e. mouse, rat, or rhesus) at 37°C. The resulting samples were then reacted with anionic, endosomal-mimicking lipids at different pHs. The amount of siRNA released from LNPs was determined using spectrophotometry employing the fluorescent indicator SYBR Gold. Our results indicated that the amount of siRNA liberated was highly dependent upon the species of serum used and the pH to which it was exposed. LNPs treated with mouse serum showed higher levels of siRNA release, as did those subjected to endosomal pH (6.0), compared to physiological pH. Most interestingly, a good correlation between the amount of siRNA released and the in vivo efficacy was observed. In conclusion, an in vitro siRNA release assay was developed to screen and rank order LNPs for in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA.
| | - Leticia Arrington
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - David Boardman
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Jared Davis
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Katie DiFelice
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Steve Stirdivant
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Brian Budzik
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Jack Bawiec
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - James Deng
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Greg Beutner
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Darla Seifried
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Matthew Stanton
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Marian Gindy
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Anthony Leone
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
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Flynn A, Boardman D, Reinhard MI. The validation of synthetic spectra used in the performance evaluation of radionuclide identifiers. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 77:145-52. [PMID: 23619192 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work has evaluated synthetic gamma-ray spectra created by the RASE sampler using experimental data. The RASE sampler resamples experimental data to create large data libraries which are subsequently available for use in evaluation of radionuclide identification algorithms. A statistical evaluation of the synthetic energy bins has shown the variation to follow a Poisson distribution identical to experimental data. The minimum amount of statistics required in each base spectrum to ensure the subsequent use of the base spectrum in the generation of statistically robust synthetic data was determined. A requirement that the simulated acquisition time of the synthetic spectra was not more than 4% of the acquisition time of the base spectrum was also determined. Further validation of RASE was undertaken using two different radionuclide identification algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flynn
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
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Rafiei R, Boardman D, Reinhard MI, Sarbutt A, Kim K, Watt GC, Uxa S, Prokopovich DA, Belas E, Bolotnikov AE, James RB. Charge transport properties of CdMnTe radiation detectors. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123502005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Feldstein AC, Black D, Perrin N, Rosales AG, Friess D, Boardman D, Dell R, Santora A, Chandler JM, Rix MM, Orwoll E. Incidence and demography of femur fractures with and without atypical features. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:977-86. [PMID: 22275107 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The case definition, community incidence, and characteristics of atypical femoral shaft fractures (FSFs) are poorly understood. This retrospective study utilized electronic medical records and radiograph review among women ≥50 years of age and men ≥65 years of age from January 1996 to June 2009 at Kaiser Permanente Northwest to describe the incidence rates and characteristics of subgroups of femur fractures. Fractures were categorized based on the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) as atypical fracture major features (AFMs) (low force, shaft location, transverse or short oblique, noncomminuted) and AFMs with additional minor radiograph features (AFMms) (beaking, cortical thickening, or stress fracture). There were 5034 fractures in the study. The incidence rates of FSFs (without atypical features) and AFMs appeared flat (cumulative incidence: 18.2 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI = 16.0-20.7; 5.9 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI = 4.6-7.4; respectively) with 1,271,575 person-years observed. The proportion of AFMs that were AFMms increased over time. Thirty percent of AFMs had any dispensing of a bisphosphonate prior to the fracture, compared to 15.8% of the non-atypical FSFs. Years of oral glucocorticosteroid dispensing appeared highest in AFM and AFMm fractures. Those with AFMs only were older and had a lower frequency of bisphosphonate dispensing compared to those with AFMms. We conclude that rates of FSFs, with and without atypia, were low and stable over 13.5 years. Patients with only AFMs appear to be different from those with AFMms; it may be that only the latter group is atypical. There appear to be multiple associated risk factors for AFMm fractures.
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Abstract
The effect of various configurations of placement of transosseous sutures on the immediate strength of fixation was studied in forty-five fresh-frozen humeri from cadavera of older individuals (mean age at the time of death, sixty-three years). The ultimate strength (the strength to failure) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) when the sutures were placed at sites more distal to the tip of the greater tuberosity or when the sutures were tied over a wider bone bridge. Cortical augmentation with use of a plastic button through which the transosseous sutures were tied increased the ultimate strength approximately 1.9-fold. The increase in the ultimate strength of the transosseous repair corresponded significantly with the increasing mean thickness of the cortical bone as the sutures were placed more distally along the lateral aspect of the humerus. We concluded that the strength of the fixation of a rotator cuff repair can be increased by placing the transosseous sutures at least ten millimeters distal to the tip of the greater tuberosity and by tying them over a bone bridge that is at least ten millimeters wide. When bone is very osteoporotic, cortical augmentation with a readily available plastic button strengthens the repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Caldwell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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