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Beaudreau N, Page TM, Drolet D, McKindsey CW, Howland KL, Calosi P. Using a metabolomics approach to investigate the sensitivity of a potential Arctic-invader and its Arctic sister-species to marine heatwaves and traditional harvesting disturbances. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170167. [PMID: 38242480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coastal species are threatened by fishing practices and changing environmental conditions, such as marine heatwaves (MHW). The mechanisms that confer tolerance to such stressors in marine invertebrates are poorly understood. However, differences in tolerance among different species may be attributed to their geographical distribution. To test the tolerance of species occupying different thermal ranges, we used two closely related bivalves the softshell clam Mya arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), a cold-temperate invader with demonstrated potential for establishment in the Arctic, and the blunt gaper Mya truncata (Linnaeus, 1758), a native polar species. Clams were subjected to a thermal stress, mimicking a MHW, and harvesting stress in a controlled environment. Seven acute temperature changes (2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, and 32 °C) were tested at two harvesting disturbance intensities (with, without). Survival was measured after 12 days and three tissues (gills, mantle, and posterior adductor muscle) collected from surviving individuals for targeted metabolomic profiling. MHW tolerance differed significantly between species: 26.9 °C for M. arenaria and 17.8 °C for M. truncata, with a negligeable effect of harvesting. At the upper thermal limit, M. arenaria displayed a more profound metabolomic remodelling when compared to M. truncata, and this varied greatly between tissue types. Network analysis revealed differences in pathway utilization at the upper MHW limit, with M. arenaria displaying a greater reliance on multiple DNA repair and expression and cell signalling pathways, while M. truncata was limited to fewer pathways. This suggests that M. truncata is ill equipped to cope with warming environments. MHW patterning in the Northwest Atlantic may be a strong predictor of population survival and future range shifts in these two clam species. As polar environments undergo faster rates of warming compared to the global average, M. truncata may be outcompeted by M. arenaria expanding into its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beaudreau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Tessa M Page
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - David Drolet
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher W McKindsey
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Kimberly L Howland
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
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MacDonald AJ, Kienzle HM, Drolet D, Hamilton DJ. Distribution and Habitat Use of the Invasive Carcinus maenas L. (European Green Crab) and the Native Cancer irroratus (Say) (Rock Crab) in Intertidal Zones in the Upper Bay of Fundy, Canada. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/045.025.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J. MacDonald
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB, Canada, E4L 1G7
- Current address - Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9L 1Z8
| | - Hannah M. Kienzle
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB, Canada, E4L 1G7
- Current address - Department of Biological Sciences, 507 Campus Drive NW, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - David Drolet
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB, Canada, E4L 1G7
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, 850 Route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC, Canada G5H 3Z4
| | - Diana J. Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB, Canada, E4L 1G7
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Gerwing TG, Drolet D, Hamilton DJ, Barbeau MA. Relative Importance of Biotic and Abiotic Forces on the Composition and Dynamics of a Soft-Sediment Intertidal Community. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147098. [PMID: 26790098 PMCID: PMC4720360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down, bottom-up, middle-out and abiotic factors are usually viewed as main forces structuring biological communities, although assessment of their relative importance, in a single study, is rarely done. We quantified, using multivariate methods, associations between abiotic and biotic (top-down, bottom-up and middle-out) variables and infaunal population/community variation on intertidal mudflats in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, over two years. Our analysis indicated that spatial structural factors like site and plot accounted for most of the community and population variation. Although we observed a significant relationship between the community/populations and the biotic and abiotic variables, most were of minor importance relative to the structural factors. We suggest that community and population structure were relatively uncoupled from the structuring influences of biotic and abiotic factors in this system because of high concentrations of resources that sustain high densities of infauna and limit exploitative competition. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the infaunal community primarily reflects stochastic spatial events, namely a “first come, first served” process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis G. Gerwing
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - David Drolet
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Diana J. Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Myriam A. Barbeau
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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Gerwing TG, Gerwing AMA, Drolet D, Barbeau MA, Hamilton DJ. Spatiotemporal Variation in Biotic and Abiotic Features of Eight Intertidal Mudflats in the Upper Bay of Fundy, Canada. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/045.022.m1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis G. Gerwing
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, E3B 5A3
| | | | - David Drolet
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada, E4L 1G7
| | - Myriam A. Barbeau
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, E3B 5A3
| | - Diana J. Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada, E4L 1G7
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Drolet D, Locke A, Lewis MA, Davidson J. Evidence-based tool surpasses expert opinion in predicting probability of eradication of aquatic nonindigenous species. Ecol Appl 2015; 25:441-450. [PMID: 26263666 DOI: 10.1890/14-0180.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of evidence-based management is to promote use of scientific data in the decision-making process of managers, with data either complementing or replacing expert knowledge. It is expected that this will increase the efficiency of environmental interventions. However, the relative accuracy and precision of evidence-based tools and expert knowledge has seldom been evaluated. It is therefore essential to verify whether such tools provide better decision support before advocating their use. We conducted an elicitation survey in which experts were asked to (1) evaluate the influence of various factors on the success of eradication programs for aquatic nonindigenous species and (2) provide probabilities of success for real case studies for which we knew the outcome. The responses of experts were compared with the results and predictions of a newly developed evidence-based tool: a statistical model calibrated with a meta-analysis of case studies designed to evaluate probability of eradication. Experts and the model generally identified the same factors as influencing the probability of success. However, the model provided much more accurate estimates for the probability of eradication than expert opinion, strongly suggesting that an evidence-based approach is superior to expert knowledge in this case. Uncertainty surrounding the predictions of the evidence-based tool was similar to among-expert variability. Finally, a model based on >30 case studies returned more accurate predictions than expert opinion. We conclude that decision-making processes based on expert judgment would greatly benefit from incorporating evidence-based tools.
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Edgar R, Drolet D, Ehrman JM, Kaczmarska I. Motile male gametes of the araphid diatom Tabularia fasciculata search randomly for mates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101767. [PMID: 24991803 PMCID: PMC4081721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexuality in the marine araphid diatom Tabularia involves an unusual type of gamete, not only among diatoms but possibly in all of nature. The non-flagellated male gamete is free and vigorously motile, propelled by pseudopodia. However, the cues (if any) in their search for compatible female gametes and the general search patterns to locate them are unknown. We tracked and compared male gamete movements in the presence and absence of receptive female gametes. Path linearity of male movement was not affected by presence of female gametes. Male gametes did not move towards female gametes regardless of their proximity to each other, suggesting that the detection range for a compatible mate is very small compared to known algal examples (mostly spermatozoids) and that mate recognition requires (near) contact with a female gamete. We therefore investigated how male gametes move to bring insight into their search strategy and found that it was consistent with the predictions of a random-walk model with changes in direction coming from an even distribution. We further investigated the type of random walk by determining the best-fit distribution on the tail of the move length distribution and found it to be consistent with a truncated power law distribution with an exponent of 2.34. Although consistent with a Lévy walk search pattern, the range of move lengths in the tail was too narrow for Lévy properties to emerge and so would be best described as Brownian motion. This is somewhat surprising because female gametes were often outnumbered by male gametes, thus contrary to the assumption that a Brownian search mode may be most optimal with an abundant target resource. This is also the first mathematically analysed search pattern of a non-flagellated protistan gamete, supporting the notion that principles of Brownian motion have wide application in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Edgar
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Biology Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - David Drolet
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Biology Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - James M. Ehrman
- Digital Microscopy Facility, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Irena Kaczmarska
- Biology Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Drolet D, Locke A, Lewis MA, Davidson J. User-friendly and evidence-based tool to evaluate probability of eradication of aquatic non-indigenous species. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Drolet
- Department of Health Management; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; 550 University Avenue Charlottetown PE C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Andrea Locke
- Science Branch; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Gulf Fisheries Centre; P.O. Box 5030 Moncton NB E1C 9B6 Canada
| | - Mark A. Lewis
- Departments of Mathematical Sciences and Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; 455B CAB Edmonton AB T6G 2G1 Canada
| | - Jeff Davidson
- Department of Health Management; Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; 550 University Avenue Charlottetown PE C1A 4P3 Canada
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Bringloe TT, Drolet D, Barbeau MA, Forbes MR, Gerwing TG. Spatial variation in population structure and its relation to movement and the potential for dispersal in a model intertidal invertebrate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69091. [PMID: 23874877 PMCID: PMC3709997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the movement of an individual away from its natal or breeding ground, has been studied extensively in birds and mammals to understand the costs and benefits of movement behavior. Whether or not invertebrates disperse in response to such attributes as habitat quality or density of conspecifics remains uncertain, due in part to the difficulties in marking and recapturing invertebrates. In the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada, the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator swims at night around the new or full moon. Furthermore, this species is regionally widespread across a large spatial scale with site-to-site variation in population structure. Such variation provides a backdrop against which biological determinants of dispersal can be investigated. We conducted a large-scale study at nine mudflats, and used swimmer density, sampled using stationary plankton nets, as a proxy for dispersing individuals. We also sampled mud residents using sediment cores over 3 sampling rounds (20-28 June, 10-17 July, 2-11 August 2010). Density of swimmers was most variable at the largest spatial scales, indicating important population-level variation. The smallest juveniles and large juveniles or small adults (particularly females) were consistently overrepresented as swimmers. Small juveniles swam at most times and locations, whereas swimming of young females decreased with increasing mud presence of young males, and swimming of large juveniles decreased with increasing mud presence of adults. Swimming in most stages increased with density of mud residents; however, proportionally less swimming occurred as total mud resident density increased. We suggest small juveniles move in search of C. volutator aggregations which possibly act as a proxy for better habitat. We also suggest large juveniles and small adults move if potential mates are limiting. Future studies can use sampling designs over large spatial scales with varying population structure to help understand the behavioral ecology of movement, and dispersal in invertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T Bringloe
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Abstract
Knowledge of dispersal vectors used by organisms is essential to the understanding of population and community dynamics. We report on ice rafting, a vector by which intertidal benthic invertebrates can be transported well outside their normal dispersal range during winter in temperate climates. We found multiple invertebrate taxa in sediment-laden ice blocks sampled in the intertidal zone. A large proportion of individuals were alive and active when freed from the ice. Using radio tracking, we found that ice blocks can travel over 20 km within a few days. Given the abundance of highly mobile ice blocks carrying viable invertebrates, we conclude that ice-rafting is likely an important dispersal vector, contributing to spatial community dynamics in intertidal systems. This mechanism helps explain observed genetic structure of populations, but it also raises concerns about potential negative impacts of climate change on connectivity between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin B A Macfarlane
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G7, Canada
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Borsky T, Fiala Z, Vyskocil A, Borska L, Drolet D, Lemay F, Kremlacek J, Krajak V, Ranna D. Health risk evaluation of exposure to mixture of substances in various workplaces. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dumont CP, Drolet D, Deschênes I, Himmelman JH. Multiple factors explain the covering behaviour in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Anim Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Falk SJ, Anthoney A, Eatock M, van Cutsem E, Evans J, Valle J, Chick J, Drolet D, Ferry D, Ajani J. Phase II pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of OSI-7904L in previously untreated patients (pts) with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (G/GEJC). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Falk
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - A. Anthoney
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - M. Eatock
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - E. van Cutsem
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - J. Evans
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - J. Valle
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - J. Chick
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - D. Drolet
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - D. Ferry
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
| | - J. Ajani
- Bristol Oncology Ctr, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cookridge Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hosp, Belfast, United Kingdom; Univ Hosp, Leuven, Belgium; Beatson Oncology Ctr, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Christie Hosp, Manchester, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Oxford, United Kingdom; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Boulder, CO; New Cross Hosp, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX
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Abstract
We performed a factorial experiment to investigate the effects of current and prey odours (mussels) on the displacement behaviour of the sea star Asterias vulgaris (Verrill, 1866). This sea star is a common subtidal predator of sessile and slow-moving animals in the western North Atlantic Ocean. In the presence of current and prey odours in a flume, sea stars oriented themselves upstream and 70% succeeded in finding the prey. Also, the degree of orientation toward the prey increased as the sea star approached the prey. In contrast, only 5% of individuals tested in still water found the prey. Thus, for A. vulgaris the presence of macroscale flow is an essential condition for locating distant prey. Sea stars tested in current alone showed rheotactic behaviour, moving diagonally upstream. This behaviour should enhance the probability of encountering prey odour plumes in the field. Sea stars moved faster and straighter in flowing water than in still water. The slow movement of A. vulgaris in still water probably minimizes costs of foraging when there is a low chance of finding prey and the straight diagonal movement in current should ensure that the sea star continuously samples new areas, rather than resampling the same odour-free area.
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Ricart A, Syed S, Drolet D, Quaratino-Baker C, Horan J, Rothenberg M, Tolcher A, Rowinsky E. 599 Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of OSI-7904L in combination with Cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with advanced solid tumors. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Drolet D, St-Jacques A, Simard S. Un outil informatique pour vampiriser des sites Internet en santé au travail. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1775-8785(04)93244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Drolet D, Vyskocil A, Viau C, Lemay F, Brodeur J, Tardif R, Gérin M, Lapointe G, Truchon G, Baril M. Les mélanges de substances en milieu de travail : un utilitaire pour l’évaluation du risque toxicologique. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1775-8785(04)93044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Brodeur J, Vyskocil A, Tardif R, Perrault G, Drolet D, Truchon G, Lemay F. Adjustment of permissible exposure values to unusual work schedules. AIHAJ 2001; 62:584-94. [PMID: 11669384 DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Research activities sought development of a method to adjust exposure limits for 694 substances for unusual work schedules. A consensus was established on the basic toxicological principle for adjustment; criteria for adjustment were selected by a panel of scientists coordinated by a committee of international experts and supported by toxicokinetic modeling; and a group of toxicologists attributed primary health effects and related adjustment category to each substance. A consensus among scientists and employers' and workers' representatives was established on the protocol of the application, in the field, of the adjusted exposure limits. The guiding toxicological principle for adjusting exposure standards to unusual work schedules is to guarantee an equivalent degree of protection for workers with unusual schedules as for workers with a conventional schedule of 8 hours per day, 5 days per week. The process of the adjustment is inspired from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration logic for attribution of primary health effects and adjustment categories ranging from no adjustment to daily or weekly adjustments. The adjusted exposure limits are calculated according to Haber's rule. Decisions on attribution of adjustment categories for the following toxicological effects were reached: respiratory sensitizers (asthma); skin sensitizers; tissue irritants versus tissue toxicants; methemoglobinenia-causing agents; cholinesterase inhibitors; and reproductive system toxicants and teratogens. A simple procedure is presented to facilitate the calculation, application, and interpretation of the adjusted exposure limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brodeur
- Département de médecine du travail et hygiène du milieu, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montreal, Qc, Canada
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Abstract
Since the ban on 1,1,1-trichloroethane, the textile industry has been using trichloroethylene (TCE) as a spot remover to clean oil and grease stains from fabrics at inspection stations. TCE is a toxic substance recently classified as a probable human carcinogen. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic substitution procedure to replace TCE with a less hazardous option for spot removing in a textile company. After documenting the problem and understanding the processes involved, numerous sources of information were searched to identify the greatest number of plausible solutions. Then criteria were established to help consider only the options that seemed technically acceptable. Five options were retained: 1-bromopropane, a petroleum-based solvent, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon-based solvent, an appliance that uses hot steam, and the elimination of the oil and grease spots at the source. The latter option, which had been partially implemented by the textile company, was not considered in this study. After being tested in the workplace and evaluated on their technical plausibility and impact on health, safety, and environment, the remaining four options were not considered as suitable replacements for TCE. Thus, local ventilation with the implementation of further measures for the reduction/elimination of stains at the source were recommended to lower TCE exposure for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mirza
- Université de Montréal, Département de santé au travail, Québec, Canada
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Blouin A, Levesque D, Neron C, Drolet D, Monchalin JP. Improved resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in laser-ultrasonics by SAFT processing. Opt Express 1998; 2:531-539. [PMID: 19381225 DOI: 10.1364/oe.2.000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser-ultrasonics is an emerging nondestructive technique using lasers for the generation and detection of ultrasound which presents numerous advantages for industrial inspection. In this paper, the problem of detection by laser-ultrasonics of small defects within a material is addressed. Experimental results obtained with laser-ultrasonics are processed using the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT), yielding improved flaw detectability and spatial resolution. Experiments have been performed on an aluminum sample with a contoured back surface and two flat-bottom holes. Practical interest of coupling SAFT to laser-ultrasonics is also discussed.
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Gérin M, Patrice S, Bégin D, Goldberg MS, Vyskocil A, Adib G, Drolet D, Viau C. A study of ethylene glycol exposure and kidney function of aircraft de-icing workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997; 69:255-65. [PMID: 9138000 DOI: 10.1007/s004200050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene glycol levels were measured in 154 breathing zone air samples and in 117 urine samples of 33 aviation workers exposed to de-icing fluid (basket operators, de-icing truck drivers, leads and coordinators) studied during 42 worker-days over a winter period of 2 months at a Montreal airport. Ethylene glycol as vapour did not exceed 22 mg/m3 (mean duration of samples 50 min). Mist was quantified at higher levels in 3 samples concerning 1 coordinator and 2 basket operators (76-190 mg/m3, 45-118 min). In 16 cases workers' post-shift or next-morning urine contained quantities of ethylene glycol exceeding 5 mmol/mol creatinine (up to 129 mmol/mol creatinine), with most of these instances occurring in basket operators and coordinators, some of whom did not wear paper masks and/or were accidentally sprayed with de-icing fluid. Diethylene glycol was also found in a few air and urinary samples at levels around one tenth those of ethylene glycol. Urinary concentrations of albumin, beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, beta-2-microglobulin and retinol-binding protein were measured and compared over various periods, according to subgroups based on exposure level and according to the frequency of extreme values. These analyses did not demonstrate acute or chronic kidney damage that could be attributed to working in the presence of ethylene glycol. In conclusion, this study does not suggest important health effects of exposure to de-icing fluid in this group of workers. Potential for overexposure exists, however, in certain work situations, and recommendations on preventive measures are given. In addition, these results suggest that other routes of absorption than inhalation, such as the percutaneous route, may be important and that urinary ethylene glycol may be a useful indicator of exposure to ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gérin
- Département de médecine du travail et d'hygiène du milieu, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Mergler D, Huel G, Bélanger S, Bowler RM, Truchon G, Drolet D, Ostiguy C. Surveillance of early neurotoxic dysfunction. Neurotoxicology 1996; 17:803-12. [PMID: 9086504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of early neurotoxic alterations was undertaken in 3 reinforced plastics plants, with a view to preventive intervention. Using a longitudinal study design, exposure parameters (environmental styrene in the respiratory zone of each worker and end-shift mandelic acid (MA)) and neurobehavioral performance (Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery and Field Assessment: Sensory Tests), were assessed at time zero (T0); recommendations were made to reduce exposure at jobsites with the highest risk. Reassessment was made two years later (T2). Complete exposure data was available for 118 workers at T0; 75 were still employed at T2; of these, 57 (76%) returned for testing. Those who returned had more seniority (p < 0.001) and higher MA (p < 0.01) and styrene (p < 0.05) levels at T0 than the others. Analyses, performed on the T0-T2 differences, showed improvement in exposure parameters in Plant 3, where lower levels were observed at T2 for styrene (p < 0.05) and MA (p < 0.001). workers in Plant 3 (n = 29) performed better (p < 0.05) at T2 for short term memory, perceptuo-motor speed, motor precision and manual dexterity; they reported more vigor (p < 0.05) and less anger (p = 0.07). This was not the case for the workers from the other plants. Generally, the T0-T2 difference in MA was associated (Spearman's Rho) with differences in color vision (p < 0.001), simple reaction time (mean and standard deviation), digit span forward, tension, fatigue and the number of symptoms (p < 0.05); aiming precision showed a similar tendency (p < 0.10). These findings suggest that group surveillance of early nervous system changes for jobs with exposure to neurotoxins, using a sensitive neurofunctional test battery, may be useful for preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mergler
- Centre pour l'étude des interactions biologiques entre la santé et l'environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal
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Lemière C, Cloutier Y, Perrault G, Drolet D, Cartier A, Malo JL. Closed-circuit apparatus for specific inhalation challenges with an occupational agent, formaldehyde, in vapor form. Chest 1996; 109:1631-5. [PMID: 8769522 DOI: 10.1378/chest.109.6.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific inhalation challenges are an important tool for confirming occupational asthma. In recent years, we have described two closed-circuit apparatuses that allow exposure to stable and controlled concentrations of particles and isocyanate gases. More recently, we developed a similar apparatus that generates chemicals in vapor form. The aim of this work is to describe its performance in the specific case of formaldehyde. This instrument is made of four parts: a generator as such, an exposure chamber, a monitor, and an automated regulatory system. This apparatus was assessed in four subjects suspected of having formaldehyde-induced asthma or alveolitis. The concentrations of formaldehyde were increased from 0.5 to 1 mg/m3 to 3 mg/m3 keeping the concentration at a value of 3 mg/m3 or less (threshold limit value). The dispersion of obtained values by comparison with the median data (6 values) was as follows: maximum value, 12 to 84%; minimum value, 20 to 58%; interquartile range, 0.13 to 0.9 mg/m3. We observed that target concentrations took a few minutes to be reached, but, once they were obtained, delivered concentrations were stable. The new vapor-delivery apparatus allows us to obtain concentrations of formaldehyde that are close to target concentrations with an acceptable dispersion of values around target concentration. Its use should be extended to other chemicals besides formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lemière
- Department of Chest Medicine, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Campagna D, Mergler D, Huel G, Bélanger S, Truchon G, Ostiguy C, Drolet D. Visual dysfunction among styrene-exposed workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995; 21:382-90. [PMID: 8571095 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was undertaken to examine the relation between visual functions and occupational exposure to styrene. METHODS A total of 128 workers (85% of the total population), from three glass-reinforced plastics plants in Canada, agreed to participate in the study. Environmental and biological measures were made on the day(s) prior to the assessment of near visual acuity (National Optical Visual Chart), chromatic discrimination (Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel), and near contrast sensitivity (Vistech 6000). The analyses were performed on 81 workers with near visual acuity of at least 1 min of arc at 0.5 m. RESULTS The subjects were relatively young [29 (SD 8) years], with little seniority [5 (SD 4) years]. Styrene exposure for 8 h ranged from 6 to 937 (first quartile 21 mg.m-3, third quartile 303 mg.m-3), depending on the job site. The end-shift concentrations of urinary mandelic acid ranged from nondetectable to 1.90 mmol.mmol creatinine-1. Significant positive relations were found between the internal and external styrene exposure measurements and color vision loss adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, and seniority in a multiple regression analysis. The multiple regression analysis is also showed that the end-shift concentration of urinary mandelic acid was inversely related to contrast sensitivity at 6 and 12 cycles.degree-1. Logistic multiple regression models indicated that the end-shift concentration of urinary mandelic acid was related to the prevalences of blurred vision, tearing, and eye irritation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there is a positive relation between styrene exposure and early color and contrast vision dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Campagna
- Centre pour l'étude des interactions biologiques entre la santé et l'environnement, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada
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Lemiere C, Desjardins A, Cloutier Y, Drolet D, Perrault G, Cartier A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma due to formaldehyde resin dust with and without reaction to formaldehyde gas. Eur Respir J 1995. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.95.08050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the cases of three subjects who developed asthma after being exposed to formaldehyde dust or gas. For two subjects, specific bronchial provocation tests with formaldehyde gas did not cause significant bronchoconstriction, whereas exposure to formaldehyde resin dust did. One subject experienced asthmatic reaction after being exposed to formaldehyde resin dust and gas. These findings suggest that the physical and chemical properties of formaldehyde are relevant to its likelihood of causing asthma.
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Lemière C, Desjardins A, Cloutier Y, Drolet D, Perrault G, Cartier A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma due to formaldehyde resin dust with and without reaction to formaldehyde gas. Eur Respir J 1995; 8:861-5. [PMID: 7656963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the cases of three subjects who developed asthma after being exposed to formaldehyde dust or gas. For two subjects, specific bronchial provocation tests with formaldehyde gas did not cause significant bronchoconstriction, whereas exposure to formaldehyde resin dust did. One subject experienced asthmatic reaction after being exposed to formaldehyde resin dust and gas. These findings suggest that the physical and chemical properties of formaldehyde are relevant to its likelihood of causing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lemière
- Dept of Chest Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Canada
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Abstract
A practical coupling device that relies on a dual-core fiber in a loop configuration is presented. Its coupling properties are analyzed in terms of the optical path difference between the cores, which is controlled by the rotation of the fiber about its axis and by a small twist applied to it along the loop. The device actually acts as an anisotropic coupler, and the coupled power can be perfectly controlled from 0-100% by proper adjustment of the loop. A simple implementation of the device was used in the fabrication of a compact single-fiber Michelson interferometer.
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Abstract
The bending-induced birefringence in a fiber loop is used to restore locally perfect coupling conditions between the two slightly detuned cores of a dual-core fiber. It is also shown that varying the angle between the birefringence and the core's axis allows one to obtain perfect control (0-100%) of the coupling ratio.
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Abstract
The systemic availability of an investigational oral formulation of flurazepam was compared to that of a commercially available product whose therapeutic efficacy has been well established by usage. The experiment was designed to dissociate formula on factors from all other sources of variation including differences between subjects, sexes, sequences of administration, experimental periods, as well as sex by sequence, sex by period, and sex by formulation interactions. Systemic availability was assessed by conventional pharmacokinetic techniques. Pharmacokinetic interpretation and statistical analysis of plasma concentrations of flurazepam and its major blood metabolites namely N-1-hydroxyethylfurazepam and N-1-desalkylflurazepam as a function of time and of systemic availability indicators revealed a nearly identical biopharmaceutical behaviour for the two preparations. A significant difference could be seen in the plasma levels of N-1-desalkylflurazepam between male and female subjects. The results collectively indicate a very similar biopharmaceutical performance of the two oral formulations of flurazepam.
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Cooper SF, Drolet D. Gas--liquid chromatographic determination of flurazepam and its major metabolites in plasma with electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr 1982; 231:321-31. [PMID: 7130312 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective gas--liquid chromatographic method, using the electron-capture detector for the quantitative determination of flurazepam and its major blood metabolites is described. After extraction and back-extraction steps, flurazepam (I) is well separated from its main metabolites, N-1-hydroxyethylflurazepam (metabolite II) and N-1-desalkylflurazepam (metabolite III). Metabolite II is quantitated after forming its stable tert.-butyl-dimethylsilyl derivative by reaction with tert.-butyldimethylchlorosilane--imidazole reagent. The procedure permits the rapid and selective routine determination of flurazepam and its metabolites (II and III) in plasma with a detection limit of 3 ng/ml for flurazepam (I), 1 ng/ml for metabolite II and 0.6 ng/ml for metabolite III. The procedure is linear over the range of concentrations encountered after administration of a single oral therapeutic dose. No interference from the biological matrix is apparent. The suitability of the method for the analysis of biological samples was tested by studying the variation with time of flurazepam and its metabolites' plasma concentrations in normal human volunteers after a single, therapeutic 30-mg oral dose of flurazepam.
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