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Etxabide A, Kilmartin PA, Guerrero P, de la Caba K, Hooks DO, West M, Singh T. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from red grape pomace: Effect of purification processes on structural, thermal and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:449-456. [PMID: 35841959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Red grape pomace was used as a source for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production, which was then subject to a range of purification processes. The different PHB biopolymers were characterized for chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal properties, colour, release of compounds into different food simulants and antioxidant inhibition, and comparisons were made with a commercially available PHB. An increase in purification steps did not have a significant effect on the high thermal stability of the extracted biopolymer, but it decreased the degree of crystallinity and the presence of amino acids and aromatic compounds. With additional purification, the PHB powders also whitened and the number of components released from the biopolymer into food simulants decreased. The released compounds presented antioxidant inhibition, which has not been previously reported in the literature or with commercially available polyhydroxyalkanoates. This is of great interest for food packaging and biomedical industries where the addition of antioxidant additives to improve PHB functional properties may not be necessary and could be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Etxabide
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.; School of Chemical Sciences 302, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Private Bag 92019, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand..
| | - Paul A Kilmartin
- School of Chemical Sciences 302, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Private Bag 92019, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.; BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - David O Hooks
- Wood Science Design Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, 3010 Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Mark West
- Wood Science Design Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, 3010 Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Tripti Singh
- Wood Science Design Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, 3010 Rotorua, New Zealand
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Loxley GM, Hooks DO, Antonopoulos A, Dell A, Haslam SM, Linklater WL, Hurst JL, Beynon RJ. Vulpeculin: a novel and abundant lipocalin in the urine of the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. Open Biol 2020; 10:200218. [PMID: 33022194 PMCID: PMC7653361 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalins are a family of secreted proteins. They are capable of binding small lipophilic compounds and have been extensively studied for their role in chemosignalling in rodent urine. Urine of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) contains a prominent glycoprotein of 20 kDa, expressed in both sexes. We have isolated this protein and determined its primary sequence by mass spectrometry, including the use of metabolic labelling to resolve the leucine/isoleucine isobaric ambiguity. The protein sequence was identified as a lipocalin, and phylogenetic analysis grouped the protein with other marsupial lipocalin sequences in a phylogenetic clade distinct from established cross-species lipocalin sub-families. The pattern of expression in possum urine and the similarity in sequence and structure to other lipocalins suggests this protein may have a role in brushtail possum chemosignalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Loxley
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David O Hooks
- Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | | | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wayne L Linklater
- Department of Environmental Studies, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jane L Hurst
- Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Hooks DO, Rehm BHA. Insights into the surface topology of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase: self-assembly of functionalized inclusions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8045-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hooks DO, Rehm BHA. Surface display of highly-stable Desulfovibrio vulgaris carbonic anhydrase on polyester beads for CO2 capture. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1415-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Robins KJ, Hooks DO, Rehm BHA, Ackerley DF. Escherichia coli NemA is an efficient chromate reductase that can be biologically immobilized to provide a cell free system for remediation of hexavalent chromium. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59200. [PMID: 23527133 PMCID: PMC3596305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a serious and widespread environmental pollutant. Although many bacteria have been identified that can transform highly water-soluble and toxic Cr(VI) to insoluble and relatively non-toxic Cr(III), bacterial bioremediation of Cr(VI) pollution is limited by a number of issues, in particular chromium toxicity to the remediating cells. To address this we sought to develop an immobilized enzymatic system for Cr(VI) remediation. To identify novel Cr(VI) reductase enzymes we first screened cell extracts from an Escherichia coli library of soluble oxidoreductases derived from a range of bacteria, but found that a number of these enzymes can reduce Cr(VI) indirectly, via redox intermediates present in the crude extracts. Instead, activity assays for 15 candidate enzymes purified as His6-tagged proteins identified E. coli NemA as a highly efficient Cr(VI) reductase (kcat/KM = 1.1×105 M−1s−1 with NADH as cofactor). Fusion of nemA to the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene phaC from Ralstonia eutropha enabled high-level biosynthesis of functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoate granules displaying stable and active NemA on their surface. When these granules were combined with either Bacillus subtilis glucose dehydrogenase or Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase as a cofactor regenerating partner, high levels of chromate transformation were observed with only low initial concentrations of expensive NADH cofactor being required, the overall reaction being powered by consumption of the cheap sacrificial substrates glucose or formic acid, respectively. This system therefore offers promise as an economic solution for ex situ Cr(VI) remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Robins
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David O. Hooks
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David F. Ackerley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Roncoroni M, Santiago M, Hooks DO, Moroney S, Harsch MJ, Lee SA, Richards KD, Nicolau L, Gardner RC. The yeast IRC7 gene encodes a β-lyase responsible for production of the varietal thiol 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one in wine. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:926-35. [PMID: 21569935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three varietal thiols are key aroma compounds in Sauvignon Blanc wines: 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP), 3-mercaptohexanol (3MH) and its acetylated derivative 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA). Screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains identified a clinical isolate with elevated 4MMP production after fermentation. Bulked Segregant Analysis of a cross between this isolate and the laboratory strain revealed a single major locus for 4MMP production near the telomere of chromosome 6. Deletion of the IRC7 gene from this region in YJM450 reduced 4MMP production below detectable levels, but did not affect yields of 3MH, in Sauvignon Blanc wine. Sequencing revealed that the IRC7 gene in YJM450 had been introgressed from a strain of Saccharomyces paradoxus. Most strains of S. cerevisiae, including the laboratory strain S288C, have a 38-bp deletion that inactivates IRC7. Overexpression of a full-length S. cerevisiae allele of IRC7 in a wine yeast, Zymaflore F15, increased 4MMP production in Sauvignon Blanc wine from undetectable levels (<10 ng L(-1)) to concentrations of 1000 ng L(-1), and also increased 3MH and 3MHA. Biochemical analysis of soluble protein extracts showed that both the cerevisiae and paradoxus IRC7 proteins show β-lyase activity, with a substrate preference for cys-4MMP over cys-3MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Roncoroni
- Wine Science Programme, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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