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Plattner RD, Norred WP, Bacon CW, Voss KA, Peterson R, Shackelford DD, Weisleder D. A Method of Detection of Fumonisins in Corn Samples Associated with Field Cases of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1990.12025950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald D. Plattner
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Regional Research Center, Bioactive Constituents Research, 1815 North University, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - William P. Norred
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - Charles W. Bacon
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - Kenneth A. Voss
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30613
| | - Robert Peterson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Regional Research Center, Bioactive Constituents Research, 1815 North University, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - Darcy D. Shackelford
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Regional Research Center, Bioactive Constituents Research, 1815 North University, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - David Weisleder
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Regional Research Center, Bioactive Constituents Research, 1815 North University, Peoria, Illinois 61604
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Awl RA, Frankel EN, Weisleder D. Synthesis and characterization of triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate. Lipids 2016; 24:866-72. [PMID: 27520440 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/1989] [Accepted: 07/28/1989] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate found in vegetable oils were synthesized in gram quantities for oxidation studies. Two acylation methods were examined to convert diacylglycerols or monoacylglycerols to the desired triacylglycerols. Acylations with fatty acid and 1,1'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were more rapid, gave triacylglycerols of better isomeric purities and generally better overall yields than the acylations with acid chloride in pyridine. The functional and isomeric purity of the synthetic triacylglycerols were investigated by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography of the methyl esters, by lipase hydrolysis, and by(13)C NMR. Quantitative(13)C NMR provided a valuable tool to determine isomeric structures of the unsaturated triacylglycerols and complemented the lipase hydrolysis method. The triacylglycerols purified by dry column chromatography were obtained in the following respective percent yields, functional and isomeric purities: LLLn, 92.1, 99.4, 98.1; LLnLn, 91.7, 99.2, 97.4; LLnL, 84.2, 99.7, 98.9; and LnLLn 77.5, 97.8, 99.0 (where L=linoleoyl and Ln=linolenoyl glycerol residues). These synthetic triacylglycerols are valuable models to elucidate the interrelationship of unsaturated fatty acids on the oxidative stability of polyunraturated vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Awl
- Northern Regional Research Center, ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University, 616O4, St., Peoria, IL
| | - E N Frankel
- Northern Regional Research Center, ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University, 616O4, St., Peoria, IL
| | - D Weisleder
- Northern Regional Research Center, ARS/USDA, 1815 N. University, 616O4, St., Peoria, IL
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Andersen JF, Buchmann SL, Weisleder D, Plattner RD, Minckley RL. Identification of thoracic gland constituents from maleXylocopa spp. latreille (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) from arizona. J Chem Ecol 2013; 14:1153-62. [PMID: 24276201 DOI: 10.1007/bf01019343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/1987] [Accepted: 06/17/1987] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Some male carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) possess massive propodeal exocrine glands that produce copious quantities of multicomponent blends of lipoidal material. Some of these compounds are volatile, producing a "flowery" aroma that can be easily detected several meters downwind from a territorial male. Chemical characterization of these secretions showed them to be blends of terpenoid compounds or fatty acid derivatives. InX. varipuncta, the mixture is composed of alltrans-geranylgeraniol, alltrans-farnesal, and an isomer of 3,7, 11-trimethyl-2,7,10-dodecatrienal in an approximate 9∶6∶1 ratio. The secretion ofX. micheneri contains isopropyl oleate, (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol, oleyl alcohol, and methyl palmitate at approximately 63∶24∶11∶1. We hypothesize that these compounds act as pheromones that aid in attracting and holding conspecific females to symbolic nonresource encounter sites where mating occurs. They also appear to have utility as chemotaxonomic markers at the subgeneric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Andersen
- USDA-ARS Northern Regional Research Center Peoria, 61604, Illinois
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Kwok OC, Plattner R, Weisleder D, Wicklow DT. A nematicidal toxin fromPleurotus ostreatus NRRL 3526. J Chem Ecol 2013; 18:127-36. [PMID: 24254904 DOI: 10.1007/bf00993748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/1991] [Accepted: 10/09/1991] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A nematicidal toxin was purified fromPleurotus ostreatus NRRL 3526 grown on moistened, autoclaved wheat straw for 30 days at room temperature (21-33°C). The active compound, at a concentration of 300 ppm, immobilized 95% of test nematodes (Panagrellus redivivus) within 1 hr. Immobilized nematodes did not recover, even after being rinsed with deionized water. The toxin was identified astrans-2-decenedioic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Kwok
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Midwest Area, 1815 North University Street, 61604, Peoria, Illinois
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Prasongsuk S, Berhow MA, Dunlap CA, Weisleder D, Leathers TD, Eveleigh DE, Punnapayak H. Pullulan production by tropical isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 34:55-61. [PMID: 16909265 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tropical isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans previously isolated from distinct habitats in Thailand were characterized for their capacities to produce the valuable polysaccharide, pullulan. A. pullulans strain NRM2, the so-called "color variant" strain, was the best producer, yielding 25.1 g pullulan l(-1) after 7 days in sucrose medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. Pullulan from strain NRM2 was less pigmented than those from the other strains and was remarkably pure after a simple ethanol precipitation. The molecular weight of pullulan from all cultures dramatically decreased after 3 days growth, as analyzed by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Alpha-amylase with apparent activity against pullulan was expressed constitutively in sucrose-grown cultures and induced in starch-grown cultures. When the alpha-amylase inhibitor acarbose was added to the culture medium, pullulan of slightly higher molecular weight was obtained from late cultures, supporting the notion that alpha-amylase plays a role in the reduction of the molecular weight of pullulan during the production phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bartelt RJ, Cossé AA, Zilkowski BW, Weisleder D, Grode SH, Wiedenmann RN, Post SL. Dimethylfuran-lactone pheromone from males of Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32:693-712. [PMID: 16586036 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-005-9026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Male Galerucella calmariensis and Galerucella pusilla (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) emit an aggregation pheromone while feeding on host foliage. Isolation of the compound from collected volatiles was guided by comparisons of gas chromatograms of extracts from males and females and by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection. The compound was identified by a combination of spectrometric methods and microchemical tests as the novel dimethylfuran lactone, 12,13-dimethyl-5,14-dioxabicyclo[9.2.1]tetradeca-1(13),11-dien-4-one. The structure was confirmed by synthesis, and the synthetic compound attracted males and females of both species in field bioassays. These beetles were previously introduced into North America as biological control agents for the invasive wetland weed, purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria, and the pheromone could become a tool for monitoring populations. A new method is described for distinguishing the two species based on the tibial spurs of the males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Bartelt
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, IL 61604, USA.
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Abstract
Defatted field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) seedmeal was found to completely inhibit seedling germination/emergence when added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and arugula [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.] seeds at levels of 1.0% w/w or higher. Covering the pots with Petri dishes containing the soil-seedmeal mixture decreased germination of both species at the lowest application rate (0.5% w/w), suggesting that the some of the phytotoxins were volatile. CH2Cl2, MeOH, and water extracts of the wetted seedmeal were bioassayed against wheat and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby) radicle elongation. Only the CH2Cl2 extract was strongly inhibitory to both species. Fractionation of the CH2Cl2 extract yielded two major phytotoxins, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and NMR as 2-propen-1-yl (allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC) and allyl thiocyanate (ATC), which constituted 80.9 and 18.8%, respectively, of the active fraction. When seeds of wheat, arugula and sicklepod were exposed to volatilized AITC and ATC, germination of all three species was completely inhibited by both compounds at concentrations of 5 ppm or less. In field studies, where seedmeal was applied at 0.50, 1.25, and 2.50 kg/m2 and tarped with black plastic mulch, all of the treatments significantly reduced dry weight of bioassay plants compared to the tarped control, with the highest seedmeal rate decreasing dry matter to less than 10% of the control 30 d after seedmeal application. Field pennycress seedmeal appears to offer excellent potential as a biofumigant for high-value horticultural crops for both conventional and organic growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Vaughn
- New Crops and Processing Technology Research USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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Hosokawa M, Hou CT, Weisleder D. Production of novel tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids from alpha-linolenic acid by Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:3868-73. [PMID: 12839755 PMCID: PMC165173 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.7.3868-3873.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, it was reported that a newly isolated microbial culture, Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2, produced trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acids, diepxoy bicyclic fatty acids, and tetrahydroxyfuranyl fatty acids (THFAs) from linoleic acid (C. T. Hou, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:1359-1362, 1996; C. T. Hou and R. J. Forman III, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24:275-276, 2000; C. T. Hou, H. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75:1483-1487, 1998; C. T. Hou, H. W. Gardner, and W. Brown, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78:1167-1169, 2001). In this study, we found that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 produced novel THFAs, including 13,16-dihydroxy-12-THFA, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (13,16-dihydroxy-THFA), and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-12, 15-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA), from alpha-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid). The chemical structures of these products were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The optimum incubation temperature was 30 degrees C for production of both hydroxy-THFAs. 13,16-Dihydroxy-THFA was detected after 2 days of incubation, and the concentration reached 45 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation; 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was not detected after 2 days of incubation, but the concentration reached 9 mg/50 ml after 7 days of incubation. The total yield of both 13,16-dihydroxy-THFA and 7,13,16-trihydroxy-THFA was 67% (wt/wt) after 7 days of incubation at 30 degrees C and 200 rpm. In previous studies, it was reported that Clavibacter sp. strain ALA2 oxidized the C-7, C-12, C-13, C-16, and C-17 positions of linoleic acid (n-6) into hydroxy groups. In this case, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is saturated. In alpha-linolenic acid (n-3), however, the bond between the C-16 and C-17 carbon atoms is unsaturated. It seems that enzymes of strain ALA2 oxidized the C-12-C-13 and C-16-C-17 double bonds into dihydroxy groups first and then converted them to hydroxy-THFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hosokawa
- Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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Cantrell CL, Berhow MA, Phillips BS, Duval SM, Weisleder D, Vaughn SF. Bioactive crude plant seed extracts from the NCAUR oilseed repository. Phytomedicine 2003; 10:325-333. [PMID: 12809363 DOI: 10.1078/094471103322004820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over four-hundred crude extracts from 202 plant species distributed among 131 plant families were evaluated for their bioactivity against brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Activity was determined for both the organic (CH2Cl2:MeOH) and aqueous extracts against A. salina in a 96 well-plate assay. Of the greater than four-hundred extracts tested, 21 organic and 6 aqueous extracts demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity (LC50 = < 100 microg/ml). Three of these organic extracts (Crateva religiosa, Diospyros dichrophylla, and Olax subscorpioidea) were chosen for chemical investigations due to their high activity and a lack of prior investigations. Chemical analysis of these extracts resulted in the isolation of oleanolic acid (1) and 4-epi-hederagenin (2) from C. religiosa, isodiospyrin (3) from D. dichrophylla, and santalbic acid (4) from O. subscorpioidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Cantrell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, USA.
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Nitao JK, Berhow M, Duval SM, Weisleder D, Vaughn SF, Zangerl A, Berenbaum MR. Characterization of furanocoumarin metabolites in parsnip webworm, Depressaria pastinacella. J Chem Ecol 2003; 29:671-82. [PMID: 12757327 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022872704016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although metabolites of furanocoumarins have been characterized in a wide range of organisms, to date they have been identified in only a single insect species, Papilio polyxenes. Depressaria pastinacella, the parsnip webworm, like P. polyxenes a specialist on Apiaceae, routinely consumes plant tissues higher in furanocoumarin content than does P. polyxenes and is capable of faster cytochrome P-450-mediated detoxification of these compounds. In this study, we characterized metabolites of xanthotoxin, a linear furanocoumarin, and sphondin, an angular furanocoumarin, in midguts and frass of parsnip webworms. Two metabolites were isolated and identified from webworms fed artificial diet containing xanthotoxin. LC-ESI-MS analysis resulted in the determination of a MW of 266 for the compound in the frass and one of the compounds in the midgut; 1H NMR confirmed its structure as 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumaryl)-hydroxyacetic acid (HCHA). The second compound from the midgut had a MW of 252 and was identified by 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis as 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumaryl)-hydroxyethanol) (HMCH). Whereas HCHA has been found in frass of Papilio polyxenes fed xanthotoxin, HMCH has not been reported previously in insects. Although the first step of metabolism of xanthotoxin in webworms as well as P. polyxenes is likely the formation of an epoxide on the furan ring, angular furanocoumarin metabolism in webworms appears to differ. The principal metabolite of sphondin was identified as demethylated sphondin (6-hydroxy-2H-furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-2-one) by LC-ESI-MS and confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. That webworms produce metabolites of xanthotoxin in common not only with other Lepidoptera (e.g., HCHA) but with other vertebrates (e.g., HMCH) suggests a remarkable conservatism in the metabolic capabilities of cytochrome P-450s and raises the possibility that insects may share other detoxification reactions with vertebrates with respect to toxins in foodplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Nitao
- Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois 505 S. Goodwin, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Powell RG, Weisleder D, Smith CR, Kozlowski J, Rohwedder WK. Treflorine, trenudine, and N-methyltrenudone: novel maytansinoid tumor inhibitors containing two fused macrocyclic rings. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00382a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Powell RG, Smith CR, Weisleder D, Matsumoto G, Clardy J, Kozlowski J. Sesbanimide, a potent antitumor substance from Sesbania drummondii seed. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00349a081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Weisleder D, Friedman M. Addition of halogenated acetic acids to vinyl ketones. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the kinetics. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01273a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Powell RG, Weisleder D, Smith CR, Boettner FE. Drummondones A and B: unique abscisic acid catabolites incorporating a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00357a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gardner HW, Weisleder D, Nelson EC. Acid catalysis of a linoleic acid hydroperoxide: formation of epoxides by an intramolecular cyclization of the hydroperoxide group. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00177a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Powell RG, Weisleder D, Smith CR. Novel maytansinoid tumor inhibitors from Trewia nudiflora: trewiasine, dehydrotrewiasine, and demethyltrewiasine. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00335a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith CR, Miller RW, Weisleder D, Rohwedder WK, Eickman N, Clardy J. Celorbicol, isocelorbicol, and their esters: new sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus orbiculatus. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00882a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kelly TR, McNutt RW, Montury M, Tosches NP, Mikolajczak KL, Smith CR, Weisleder D. Preparation of harringtonine from cephalotaxine. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01315a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carlson KD, Weisleder D, Daxenbichler ME. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance study of diastereomeric episulfides. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00724a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith CR, Weisleder D, Miller RW, Palmer IS, Olson OE. Linustatin and neolinustatin: cyanogenic glycosides of linseed meal that protect animals against selenium toxicity. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01291a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Poling SM, Plattner RD, Weisleder D. N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1), the initial reaction product of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:1318-1324. [PMID: 11853524 DOI: 10.1021/jf010955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose in aqueous solutions resulted in the formation of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) in addition to the previously reported N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1). N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) is the first stable product formed after the Amadori rearrangement of the Schiff base formed by the reaction of the primary amine of fumonisin B(1) and the aldehyde group of D-glucose. N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) was synthesized by reacting fumonisin B(1) with an excess of D-glucose in methanol and heating for 6 h at 64 degrees C. It was purified using C(18) and strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, N,N-dimethylformamide was found to be a better reaction solvent, requiring reaction for only 2-3 h at 64 degrees C and eliminating the formation of methyl esters. Alkaline hydrolysis of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) gave a mixture of hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1) and hydrolyzed N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Poling
- Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Abstract
It was previously reported that males of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, feeding on host foliage are attractive to both males and females in the field. Based on this evidence for an aggregation pheromone, volatiles were collected from male and female P. cruciferae feeding on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and analyzed. For comparison, volatiles were also collected from males and females of three other flea beetle species, Aphthona flava, A. czwalinae, and A. cyparissiae, all feeding on their host, leafy spurge foliage (Euphorbia esula). Six male-specific compounds were isolated from P. cruciferae, and the same compounds plus two additional ones were isolated from males of Aphthona flava, A. czwalinae, and A. cyparissiae. The blends of compounds were relatively consistent within species, but there were characteristic differences between species. Compound structures were studied by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, polarimetry, chiral and achiral gas chromatography, molecular modeling, and microchemical tests. Three of the compounds were identified as (+)-ar-himachalene; (+)-trans-alpha-himachalene; (+)-y-cadinene. Two others were new enantiomers of himachalene hydrocarbons that were previously identified from the fir trees, Abies alba and Abies nordmanniana. Finally, there were two himachalene alcohols and one norsesquiterpene ketone that is a himachalene analog. Only (+)-ar-himachalene and (+)-y-cadinene are previously known natural products. Electrophysiological activity was demonstrated for five of the compounds. The chemical and electrophysiological patterns are consistent with, but do not prove, a pheromonal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bartelt
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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Petroski RJ, Weisleder D. IMPROVED HORNER-WADSWORTH-EMMONS PREPARATION OF α-METHYL- OR α-ETHYL-α,β-UNSATURATED ESTERS FROM ALDEHYDES. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-100000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Clavibacter sp. ALA2 transformed linoleic acid into a variety of oxylipins. In previous work, three novel fatty acids were identified, (9Z)-12, 13, 17-trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid and two tetrahydrofuran-(di)hydroxy fatty acids. In this report, we confirm the structures of the tetrahydrofuran-(di)hydroxy fatty acids by nuclear magnetic resonance as (9Z)-12-hydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid and (9Z)-7,12-dihydroxy-13,16-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid. Three other products of the biotransformation were identified as novel heterobicyclic fatty acids, (9Z)-12,17;13, 17-diepoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, (9Z)-7-hydroxy-12,17;13,17-diepoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, and (9Z)-12,17;13,17-diepoxy-16-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid. Thus, Clavibacter ALA2 effectively oxidized linoleic acid at C-7, -12, -13, -16, and/or -17.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Gardner
- Bioactive Agents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA
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33
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Keudell KC, Huang JK, Wen L, Klopfenstein WE, Bagby MO, Lanser AC, Plattner RD, Peterson RE, Weisleder D. Fatty acids enhanced tubermycin production by Pseudomonas strain 2HS. Microbios 2000; 102:27-38. [PMID: 10817518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A new microbial isolate, Pseudomonas 2HS, produced trace amounts of a greenish-yellow pigment when grown aerobically in a 1% yeast extract medium at 30 degrees C and shaken at 250 rpm for 5 days. In contrast, cells produced more greenish-yellow pigment (2.16 mg/15 ml culture) when grown in the presence of 0.5% 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (w/v). The greenish-yellow pigment was identified as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (tubermycin B), and the Pseudomonas 2HS was identified as P. aeruginosa 2HS. This is the first report that 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic, ricinoleic and other fatty acids can enhance the production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid by a Pseudomonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Keudell
- Department of Biological Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455, USA
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34
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Vesonder RF, Wu W, Weisleder D, Gordon SH, Krick T, Xie W, Abbas HK, McAlpin CE. Toxigenic strains of Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from dairy cattle feed produce fumonisins, moniliformin and a new C21H38N2O6 metabolite phytotoxic to Lemna minor L. J Nat Toxins 2000; 9:103-12. [PMID: 10868338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Corn samples suspected of causing refusal-to-eat syndrome in dairy cattle were examined mycologically. Fusarium moniliforme (14 isolates) and F. proliferatum (12 isolates) were the predominant fungi present. These isolates were tested for mycotoxin production on rice at 25 degrees C. Each strain of F. moniliforme produced fumonisin B1 (FB1: 378-15,600 ppm) and fumonisin B2 (FB2: 2-1050 ppm). Each strain of F. proliferatum produced moniliformin (45-16,000 ppm), FB1 (27-6140 ppm), and FB2 (5-1550 ppm). In addition, a new Fusarium metabolite of molecular composition C21H38N2O6 was produced by 10 of the F. moniliforme isolates and 7 of the F. proliferatum isolates. The metabolite's 1H- and 13C-NMR, HRFAB/MS and IR spectra indicate an alpha amino acid. It is toxic to Lemna minor L. duckweed (LD50 100 micrograms/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Vesonder
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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35
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Petroski RJ, Weisleder D. Reduction of Carpophilus freemani dobson (Coleoptera: nitidulidae) aggregation pheromone response by synthetic analogues. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:1189-1195. [PMID: 10552436 DOI: 10.1021/jf9809378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Analogues of (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene, the major component of the aggregation pheromone of Carpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), were synthesized and the potency of these compounds in suppressing the response of C. freemani to its pheromone in a wind tunnel bioassay was determined. The most potent compounds reduced behavioral response to pheromone 83-96% when the inhibitors were present in 10-fold excess. These compounds are (1Z, 3E,5E)-1-methoxy-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene, (1E,3E, 5E)-1-cyclopropyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene, and (1Z,3E, 5E)-1-cyclopropyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene. In the presence of fermenting bread dough (a pheromone synergist), the most potent inhibitory compound, (1Z,3E, 5E)-1-cyclopropyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene, was less effective in reducing mean landings (69% vs 99%) than when dough was absent. This inhibitory compound causes a reduction of response to pheromone but does not cause a reduction of response to fermenting food-type volatiles such as fermenting bread dough. Analogues of pheromones that strongly reduce response to pheromones by insects might be useful as biochemical probes to study the pharmacophoric (three-dimensional structure) requirements for pheromone perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Petroski
- USDA, REE, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bioactive Agents Research and Analytical Support Units, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
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36
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Hou CT, Brown W, Labeda DP, Abbott TP, Weisleder D. Microbial production of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid from linoleic acid. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 1997; 19:34-8. [PMID: 9281851 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium isolated from a dry soil sample collected from McCalla, AL, USA, converted linoleic acid to a novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9 (Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA). The organism is a Gram-positive, non-motile rod (0.5 microns x 2 microns). It was identified as a species of Clavibacter ALA2. The product was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and by mass spectrometer. Maximum production of THOA with 25% conversion of the substrate was reached after 5-6 days of reaction. THOA was not further metabolized by strain ALA2. This is the first report of a 12,13,17-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid and its production by microbial transformation. Some dihydroxy intermediates were also detected. THOA has a structure similar to those of known plant self-defense substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Hou
- Oil Chemical Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA
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37
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Herron BF, Bagby MO, Isbell TA, Byrdwell WC, Plattner R, Weisleder D. Preparation and characterization of methyl 11-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate and methyl 8-amino-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-9-E-octadecenoate. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-997-0128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry F. Herron
- ; Oil Chemical Research; USDA, ARS, NCAUR; 1815 North University St. Peoria IL 61604
| | - Marvin O. Bagby
- ; Oil Chemical Research; USDA, ARS, NCAUR; 1815 North University St. Peoria IL 61604
| | | | - Wm. Craig Byrdwell
- Food Quality and Safety Research; NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Ron Plattner
- Bioreactive Constituents Research; NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - David Weisleder
- Analytical Chemical Support; NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
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Knothe G, Glass RS, Schroeder TB, Bagby MO, Weisleder D. Reaction of Isolated Double Bonds with Selenium Dioxide/Hydrogen Peroxide: Formation of Novel Selenite Esters. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1997. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1997-1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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39
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Biely P, Côté GL, Kremnický L, Weisleder D, Greene RV. Substrate specificity of acetylxylan esterase from Schizophyllum commune: mode of action on acetylated carbohydrates. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1298:209-22. [PMID: 8980647 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(96)00132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Substrate specificity of a purified acetylxylan esterase from Schizophyllum commune was investigated on a variety of methyl per-O-acetyl glycopyranosides, methyl di-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosides and acetylated polysaccharides. The enzyme preferentially deacetylated the 3-position of methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Removal of the 3-acetyl group from the xylopyranoside was accompanied by a slower deacetylation at positions 2 and 4. A similarly slower, accompanying deacetylation occurred primarily at position 2 with the glucopyranoside. Such specificity corresponds well to the expected function of the esterase in acetylxylan degradation. Of the three possible diacetates of methyl beta-D-xylopyranoside, the 3,4-diacetate was found to be the most rapidly deacetylated. Unexpectedly, products of its deacetylation were a mixture of 2- and 4-monoacetate. The formation of the methyl 2-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside involved an enzyme-mediated acetyl group transfer because the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction exceeded the rate of spontaneous migration of acetyl groups. This is the likely mechanism for acetyl removal from position 2 in the native substrate. The enzyme exhibited the highest regioselectivity with methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside. An 80% conversion of this substrate to methyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside, a new mannose derivative, was achieved. In contrast to the majority of lipases and esterases exploited for regioselective deacetylation, the S. commune acetylxylan esterase did not attack the C-6 acetyl linkages in methyl hexopyranosides when other acetyl groups were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Biely
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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40
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Knothe G, Bagby MO, Weisleder D. Evaluation of the olefinic proton signals in the 1H-NMR spectra of allylic hydroxy groups in long-chain compounds. Chem Phys Lipids 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(96)02559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Biosynthesis of pheromones from Carpophilus davidsoni Dobson and C. mutilatus Erichson was investigated by feeding the beetles diets containing isotopically substituted (13C and deuterium) fatty acids and then analyzing the resulting labeled pheromone components. (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecate traene, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraen e and (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene from C. davidsoni and (3E,5E,7E)-5-ethyl-7-methyl-3,5,7-undecatriene from C. mutilatus were abundant enough to be analyzed by both NMR spectroscopy and MS. Eleven additional minor analogues were analyzed only by MS. Each hydrocarbon can be assembled from just three different acyl units: The initial unit can be acetate, propionate or butyrate. Propionate is the second unit in all of the analogues encountered so far, extending the chain by two carbons and producing a methyl branch. Subsequent chain-extending units can be either propionate or butyrate, leading to additional methyl or ethyl branches, respectively. The final acyl unit is either propionate or butyrate and it loses its carboxyl carbon during hydrocarbon biosynthesis. A hydrocarbon with four total units is a triene and one with five is a tetraene. Assembly is proposed to be as in usual fatty acid anabolism, except that other precursor units are used in addition to acetate and that the double-bond reduction step of each chain-elongation cycle does not occur, leaving the conjugated, unsaturated system. Seven of the analyzed hydrocarbons were not previously known to occur in C. davidsoni; two of these are novel: (2E,4E,6E,8E)-5,7-diethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6,8-undecate traene and (2E,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bartelt
- Bioactive Constituents Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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42
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Plattner RD, Weisleder D, Poling SM. Analytical determination of fumonisins and other metabolites produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related species on corn. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 392:57-64. [PMID: 8850605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1379-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisins, secondary metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme are potent toxins that can be found in fungal contaminated corn. The detection and measurement of these toxins by HPLC with detection by an evaporative light scattering detector and by electrospray MS is reported. The light scattering detector had enough sensitivity to analyze culture materials, however, clean-up was necessary to detect fumonisins at sub-ppm levels in naturally contaminated corn extracts. The detection limit for FB1 with the light scattering detector was in the low ng range (10-50) while the detection limit of less than 1 ng injected was observed for the electrospray detector. Several previously unreported fumonisin isomers were observed in electrospray chromatograms of culture extracts. Two of these compounds, FA3 and FA4 were isolated and their proposed structure confirmed by NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Plattner
- Bioactive Constituents Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Midwest Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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43
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Abstract
The structure of the acidic exopolysaccharide produced by the mushroom pathogen Pseudomonas "gingeri" strain Pf9, a bacterium which causes ginger blotch, was investigated by chemical analysis, mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide consists of the linear trisaccharide repeating unit [formula: see text] where the cyclic pyruvic acetal groups at O-4 and O-6 of the mannopyranosyl residues have the S-configuration. Methylation analysis under neutral conditions and NMR data showed that the mannose residues are acetylated at O-2. This exopolysaccharide has the same structure as the E. coli K55 capsular polysaccharide and differs from the Klebsiella K5 capsular polysaccharide only in the position of acetylation (C-2 of the glucopyranose residue).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cescutti
- US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Knothe
- Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - M. O. Bagby
- Oil Chemical Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - D. Weisleder
- Analytical Chemical Support, NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - R. E. Peterson
- Bioactive Constituents, NCAUR, ARS, USDA; Peoria Illinois 61604
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45
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Huang JK, Keudell KC, Zhao J, Klopfenstein WE, Wen L, Bagby MO, Lanser AC, Plattner RD, Peterson RE, Abbott TP, Weisleder D. Microbial transformation of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid to 5-n-hexyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-acetic acid. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02541090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Knothe G, Bagby MO, Weisleder D, Peterson RE. Allylic mono- and di-hydroxylation of isolated double bonds with selenium dioxide–tert-butyl hydroperoxide. NMR characterization of long-chain enols, allylic and saturated 1,4-diols, and enones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/p29940001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Hou CT, Nakamura LK, Weisleder D, Peterson RE, Bagby MO. Identification of NRRL strain B-18602 (PR3) as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and effect of phenazine 1-carboxylic acid formation on 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid accumulation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1993; 9:570-3. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00386296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/1993] [Accepted: 04/07/1993] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Neff WE, Adlof RO, Konishi H, Weisleder D. High-performance liquid chromatography of the triacylglycerols ofVernonia galamensis andCrepis alpina seed oils. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02542574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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