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Safari-Faramani B, Safari-Faramani R, Najafi F, Zavareh DK, Karyani AK, Darbandi M. Socioeconomic disparities in Papanicolaou test utilization in Western Iran. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:471. [PMID: 38355473 PMCID: PMC10868049 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer remains the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, and its impact is particularly significant in women residing in less developed countries. This study aims to assess socioeconomic inequality in using Papanicolaou tests, commonly known as Pap tests, which are crucial for detecting cervical cancer. The research also seeks to decompose this inequality, identifying its contributing factors. This investigation is conducted within a sizable population-based study focused on the Kurdish population, with an additional examination of potential variations between urban and rural areas. METHOD The study utilized baseline data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study (RaNCD), involving 3,074 ever-married women aged 35-65. Asset data was employed to determine socioeconomic status (SES), and Principal Component Analysis was applied. The uptake of Papanicolaou tests was assessed for inequality using the Concentration Index (Cn). Additionally, decomposition analysis was conducted to identify and understand the factors contributing to socioeconomic inequality. RESULTS The study found that overall, 86% of women reported having undergone cervical cancer screening at least once in their lifetime. The Concentration Index (Cn) for the total population was 0.21 (p < 0.0001), indicating a higher concentration of Papanicolaou test uptake among wealthier groups. In urban areas, the Cn was 0.34 (p < 0.0001), reflecting a significant concentration among the rich. However, in rural areas, the Cn was -0.10 (p = 0.3006), suggesting no significant socioeconomic inequality. Factors such as socioeconomic status (SES), education, and age contributed to reducing inequality, explaining 62.7%, 36.0%, and 1.7% of the observed inequality, respectively. Interestingly, place of residence had a negative influence on inequality. CONCLUSION The uptake of Papanicolaou tests varies across different socioeconomic status levels, with a higher concentration among wealthier groups. The results enable health policymakers and researchers to tailor health intervention toward increasing public awareness, especially among women with lower levels of education women in economically deprived groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Safari-Faramani
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farid Najafi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Workplace Health Promotion Research Center (WHPRC), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), H1, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ali Kazemi Karyani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Miresmaeeli SS, Zavareh DK, Seyedin H. A comparative study: Accreditation of universities' disaster risk management for health promotion. J Educ Health Promot 2023; 12:245. [PMID: 37727429 PMCID: PMC10506754 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_590_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk management processes accreditation in emergencies and disasters can determine the effectiveness and efficiency of these processes. Universities, as the highest level of education, should provide a safe environment for educational services and activities of these people. AIMS The present study aimed to review and compare different accreditation models for emergencies and disaster risk management in selected countries. Reaching other accreditation models together and identifying their similarities and differences, along with considering the implementation of each model, can significantly help the countries which aim to design and develop a risk management accreditation model or upgrade their models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this qualitative comparative study, the US, UK, Canada, Australia, Japan, and South Africa were selected based on research criteria. A literature review compared university emergency and disaster risk management accreditation models. The obtained data were collected in a researcher-made matrix, and a content analysis method was used for data analysis. Differences and similarities of selected countries in the fields of accreditation program(s), accreditation institute, start year, obligation, accredited organizations, number of criteria, criteria titles, accreditation focus, accreditation stages, number of stages, scoring method, and ranking method were compared. RESULT Designing a local model for the accreditation of disaster risk management in universities based on the crisis management system in each country can lead to improving the level of responsiveness and quality of services in emergency situations and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Samaneh Miresmaeeli
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Seyedin
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Haghdoust Z, Masoumi G, Moslehi S, Ebadi A, Khorasani Zavareh D. Design and psychometric evaluation of sociocultural scale predicting the incidence of road traffic crashes in drivers. J Inj Violence Res 2022; 14:1707. [PMID: 35277955 PMCID: PMC9805668 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v14i3.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various factors are involved in the occurrence of Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs), one of the most important of these are human factors that can be greatly influenced by the specific sociocultural bases of the drivers. So far, there has not been a scale for measuring Sociocultural Factors (SCFs) predicting the occurrence of RTCs in Iranian drivers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to design and to do psychometric evaluation of a scale for measuring SCFs predicting the occurrence of RTCs in drivers. METHODS This exploratory sequential mixed method was carried out in three phases. In phases 1 and 2, an initial items pool was created based on systematic literature review (phase1), and semi structured interviews (phase 2). In phase 3, the initial scales were validated using face and content validities. Then, principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to assess the construct validity. Finally, the reliability of the scale was evaluated by examining internal consistency and stability. RESULTS The scale content validity index was 0.92. Principal component analysis showed seven factors with 27 items, which explain 55.56% of the total variance. In confirmatory factor analysis, model fit indices were satisfactory. Discriminant analysis was also able to distinguish between two groups of accident-involved drivers and accident-free drivers (P less than 0.0001). The reliability of the scale by Cronbach's alpha, Theta, Omega and intra-class correlation coefficients was 0.82, 0.96, 3.07, and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This scale can be used as a valid and reliable scale to evaluate the SCFs predicting the occurrence of RTCs in drivers. Furthermore, the findings of this study will be useful in identifying and planning to reduce RTCs, especially in accident-prone drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haghdoust
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Masoumi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.& Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran.& Department of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Shandiz Moslehi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.& Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Haghdoust Z, Masoumi G, Khorasani Zavareh D, Ebadi A, Moslehi S. A Systematic Literature Review of Driver’s Sociocultural Factors Predisposing to Road Traffic Crashes. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:21. [PMID: 35999932 PMCID: PMC9386747 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various factors are involved in the occurrence and prediction of road traffic crashes (RTCs). The most important of these are human factors that can be influenced by the sociocultural characteristics of the drivers. This research aimed at identifying the socio-cultural factors (SCFs) in car drivers affecting the RTCs.
Methods: In the present study, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Cochran Library, Magiran, Irandoc, Noor magas, Islamic World Science Citation Center, and Scientific Information Database were searched from 1990 to August 20th, 2021; key journals, the reference lists of the included studies, gray literature, websites of relevant organizations were manually reviewed. Studies that reviewed the effect of SCFs related to car drivers in the incidence or prediction of road traffic crashes were included and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results were expressed based on the PRISMA guideline. The quality of the included studies was assessed using related checklists. Results: Eighty-four eligible studies were determined from a systematic search and entered into the analysis process. Studies are presented that SCFs affecting the occurrence of RTCs fall into four categories, including (1) sociodemographic characteristics, (2) personality traits, (3) driver behavior (driving style), (4) driver performance (driving skills).
Conclusion: In most studies, SCFs have been examined in frames of social-demographic characteristics and risky driving behaviors. While, the impact of personality traits and driver performance, which are very important factors on RTCs, has not been addressed. Therefore, investigating the impact of these factors in occurring RTCs is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haghdoust
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Masoumi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Dr Gholamreza Masoumi,
| | - Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shandiz Moslehi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khorasani Zavareh D, Mousavipour S, Nouri F, Ebadi A, Saremi M, Jabbari M, Ghomian Z, Mohammadi R. Exploring effective factors in reducing the fall of hospitalized patients: A systematic review. Arch Trauma Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_112_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shirazi M, Ponzer S, Zarghi N, Keshmiri F, Karbasi Motlagh M, Khorasani Zavareh D, Khankeh HR. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural communication through physicians' lens: perceptions and experiences. Int J Med Educ 2020; 11:158-168. [PMID: 32820142 PMCID: PMC7870451 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5f19.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore Swedish physicians' perceptions regarding physician-patient communication in an Iranian context and to obtain a deeper understanding of their lived experience when encountering Middle Eastern and Swedish patients in their daily work. METHODS This is a multi-method study, including conventional content analysis in combination with phenomenological methodology. A triangulation approach to data collection and analysis was used. Serving the purpose of the study, twelve Swedish physicians with previous experience of Middle Eastern patients were purposely selected to participate in the study. They watched a video showing simulated patient encounter in an Iranian context. The video served as a trigger. Semi-structured interviews were conducted focusing on the participants' perceptions of the video and their lived experiences. Constant comparative analysis was used for a deep understanding of the data. RESULTS The core themes were cultural diversity, doctor-centeredness, and patient-centeredness. Cultural diversity was a convergent theme and included trust, interpersonal interaction, context, and doctor dominancy. Patient-centeredness and doctor-centeredness were divergent themes and included doctors' authority, equity, the experience of illness, and accountability. CONCLUSIONS The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural competence in health care is of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sari Ponzer
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nazila Zarghi
- Educational Development Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keshmiri
- Educational Development Center, Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Karbasi Motlagh
- Educational Development Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Khankeh
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Safi Keykaleh M, Khorasani Zavareh D, Safarpour H, Gholamnia R. Different Perception, Different Behavior, Necessity of Consensus Over “Risk” Term. hdq 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/nrip.hdq.3.3.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Balikuddembe JK, Ardalan A, Zavareh DK, Nejati A, Kasiima S. Factors affecting the exposure, vulnerability and emergency medical service capacity for victims of road traffic incidents in Kampala Metropolitan Area: a Delphi study. BMC Emerg Med 2017; 17:1. [PMID: 28061754 PMCID: PMC5219676 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-016-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kampala Metropolitan Area (KMA) is the fastest developing region in Uganda. Over recent years, this has placed exponential demand on the road sector, which consequently has contributed to rapid growth in motorized vehicles which, predisposes the region to a high risk of road traffic incidents (RTIs). A number of concerted road safety and post-crash management measures to respond to RTIs in the KMA in particular and Uganda as a whole have been undertaken. However, there is a need to greatly improve the measures by better identifying the factors influencing the exposure, vulnerability and emergency medical service (EMS) capacity for RTI victims. The present study seeks to investigate and reveal these factors. METHODS A Delphi technique employing a questionnaire and involving a multidisciplinary panel of experts was used in three rounds. RESULTS The ten (10) most important factors affecting the exposure, vulnerability and EMS capacity for victims of RTIs in the KMA were identified. Socio-cultural, infrastructure and road safety aspects were the factors most identified as affecting the exposure and vulnerability. The absence of a national EMS policy and post-crash care system, as well as the fact that many victims lack health insurance, were noted to be the factors adversely affecting the EMS capacity. CONCLUSIONS There exists is a real need to substantially reduce the burden of RTIs in KMA, with ultimate goal of saving lives that are being lost needlessly and reducing the impact of injuries and trauma and the economic losses associated with it. This study offers insights into the causes of RTIs and the most appropriate ways of responding to them especially with the establishment and empowerment of predefined and structured EMS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kimuli Balikuddembe
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences – International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health, Safety and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Nejati
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stephen Kasiima
- Directorate of Road Traffic and Road Safety, Uganda Police Force, Kampala, Uganda
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Khorasani Zavareh D, Bohm K, Khankeh H, Talebian MT, Mohammadi R, Bigdeli M, Castren M. Why should being visible on the road? A challenge to prevent road traffic injuries among pedestrians in Iran. J Inj Violence Res 2014; 7:93-4. [PMID: 24879078 PMCID: PMC4522322 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v7i2.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maryam Bigdeli
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Khorasani Zavareh D, Mohammadi R, Laflamme L, Naghavi M, Zarei A, Haglund BJA. Estimating road traffic mortality more accurately: use of the capture-recapture method in the West Azarbaijan province of Iran. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2008; 15:9-17. [PMID: 18344091 DOI: 10.1080/17457300701794105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study estimates the rate of fatal road traffic injuries (RTIs) by population and road-users group in one Iranian province. The capture - recapture method was employed, using both the death register and the forensic medicine register over one year. They recorded totals of 669 and 665 RTIs respectively, giving a non-overlapping number of 897 cases. An estimate of 1018 fatalities occurred, at rates of 34 per 100,000 of the population for all road users aggregated, 10 per 100,000 for pedestrians and 25 per 100,000 for other road users. Coverage was somewhat better for victims less than 15 years of age, and also for males. The method showed 121 under-reported cases in both sources; however, it can help Iranian policy-makers to produce a good estimation of fatal RTIs number each year, when following up current RTIs-prevention programmes. Yet, given that each registry operates separately, optimum coverage will only be obtained when both sources are integrated and work together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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