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Oropeza D, Roberts R, Hart A. A modular testbed for mechanized spreading of powder layers for additive manufacturing. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:015114. [PMID: 33514203 PMCID: PMC7880620 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) processes, including binder jetting (BJAM) and powder bed fusion (PBF), can manufacture complex three-dimensional components from a variety of materials. A fundamental understanding of the spreading of thin powder layers is essential to develop robust process parameters for powder bed AM and to assess the influence of powder feedstock characteristics on the subsequent process outcomes. Toward meeting these needs, this work presents the design, fabrication, and qualification of a testbed for modular, mechanized, multi-layer powder spreading. The testbed is designed to replicate the operating conditions of commercial AM equipment, yet features full control over motion parameters including the translation and rotation of a roller spreading tool and precision motion of a feed piston and the build platform. The powder spreading mechanism is interchangeable and therefore can be customized, including the capability for dispensing of fine, cohesive powders using a vibrating hopper. Validation of the resolution and accuracy of the machine and its subsystems, as well as the spreading of exemplary layers from a range of powder sizes typical of BJAM and PBF processes, are described. The precision engineered testbed can therefore enable the optimization of powder spreading parameters for AM and correlation to build process parameters in future work, as well as exploration of spreading of specialized powders for AM and other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Oropeza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - R. Roberts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrery, 64849, Mexico
| | - A.J. Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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Dong M, Wei L, González JJ, Oropeza D, Chirinos J, Mao X, Lu J, Russo RE. Coal Discrimination Analysis Using Tandem Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7003-7010. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Dong
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficient and Low Pollution, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wei
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficient and Low Pollution, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jhanis J. González
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dayana Oropeza
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - José Chirinos
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xianglei Mao
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jidong Lu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of High Efficient and Low Pollution, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Richard E. Russo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Oropeza D, González J, Chirinos J, Zorba V, Rogel E, Ovalles C, López-Linares F. Elemental Analysis of Asphaltenes Using Simultaneous Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)-Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES). Appl Spectrosc 2019; 73:540-549. [PMID: 30482044 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818819497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES) were used simultaneously for the elemental analysis of asphaltene samples using minimum sample pretreatment in combination with low laser energy to reduce the amount of removed particles and avoid carbon deposits in the ablation cell. Quantitative analyses of S, Ni, and V were accomplished with LA-ICP-OES using external calibration with the C line as internal standard. The aromatic/paraffinic nature of the asphaltenes was also obtained throughout the H/C ratio using LIBS and partial least square regression model. The results showed very good agreement (±10%) between the concentration obtained by LA-ICP-OES and microwave-assisted acid digestion values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Oropeza
- 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jhanis González
- 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- 2 Applied Spectra, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | - José Chirinos
- 3 Universidad Central de Venezuela, Escuela de Química, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Vassilia Zorba
- 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - César Ovalles
- 4 Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, CA, USA
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Chirinos J, Oropeza D, González J, Zorba V, Russo RE. Analysis of Plant Leaves Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry: Use of Carbon to Compensate for Matrix Effects. Appl Spectrosc 2017; 71:709-720. [PMID: 28374607 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816683686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct solid sampling by laser ablation into an inductively coupled plasma synchronous vertical dual view optical emission spectroscope (LA-SVDV-ICP-OES) was used for the elemental analysis of nutrient elements Ca, B, Mn, Mg, K, and Zn and essential (non-metallic) elements P and S in plant materials. The samples were mixed with paraffin as a binder, an approach that provides better cohesion of the particles in the pellets in addition to supplying carbon to serve as an internal standard (atomic line C I 193.027 nm) as a way to compensate for matrix effects, and/or variations in the ablation process. Precision was in the range of 1-8% relative standard deviation (RSD) with limit of detection in the range of 0.4-1 mg/kg-1 and 25-640 mg/kg-1 for metallic and non-metallic elements, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Chirinos
- 1 Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dayana Oropeza
- 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jhanis González
- 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- 3 Applied Spectra, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Vassilia Zorba
- 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Russo
- 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- 3 Applied Spectra, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
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Lee Y, Chirinos J, Gonzalez J, Oropeza D, Zorba V, Mao X, Yoo J, Russo RE. Laser-Ablation Sampling for Accurate Analysis of Sulfur in Edible Salts. Appl Spectrosc 2017; 71:651-658. [PMID: 28374613 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817691288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of laser ablation analysis techniques such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), laser ablation inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-OES), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), in comparison with that of ICP-OES using aqueous solutions for the quantification of sulfur (S) in edible salts from different geographical origins. We found that the laser ablation based sampling techniques were not influenced by loss of S, which was observed in ICP-OES with aqueous solutions for a certain salt upon their dissolution in aqueous solutions, originating from the formation of volatile species and precipitates upon their dilution in water. Although detection of S using direct laser sampling with LA-ICP-MS has well-known isobaric and polyatomic interferences, LIBS and LA-ICP-OES showed good accuracy in the detection of S for all salts. LIBS also provided the ability to identify the dominant chemical form in which S is present in salts. Correlation between S and oxygen, observed in LIBS spectra, provided chemical information about the presence of S2- or [Formula: see text], which are associated with the origin and quality of edible salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Lee
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jose Chirinos
- 2 Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela
| | - Jhanis Gonzalez
- 3 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- 4 Applied Spectra, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Dayana Oropeza
- 3 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vassilia Zorba
- 3 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xianglei Mao
- 3 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard E Russo
- 3 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- 4 Applied Spectra, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
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