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Albani G, Asiedu D, Abrokwah S, Jónasdóttir SH, Nielsen TG, Acheampong E, Ruiz LH, Ekumah B, Koski M. Synergistic and additive effects of microplastic, nickel and pyrene on survival, reproduction, and egestion of a tropical copepod. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 265:106737. [PMID: 37939499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal tropical ecosystems provide livelihood for millions of people but are at the same time exposed to an increasing intensity of diverse anthropogenic stressors, including pollution. Nevertheless, the combined effects of pollutants on marine ecosystems are poorly understood, particularly regarding lower trophic levels (plankton) and tropical ocean. We exposed the tropical copepod Centropages velificatus to 4-5 concentrations of a heavy metal (nickel), an oil compound (pyrene) and microplastic (PET), either alone or in combination, and measured their egestion, reproduction, and mortality rates. Microplastic alone did not have any effect on pellet or egg production of copepods, whereas nickel reduced egg production rate at concentrations ≥1 µg L-1 and pyrene reduced both egg and pellet production rates at concentrations ≥1 nM. The addition of nickel and pyrene to PET - microplastic resulted in a reduction similar to one caused by nickel or pyrene alone, suggesting an additive effect. In contrast, a combination of nickel and pyrene had a synergistic effect, with a strong reduction in survival, egg and pellet production. Our results suggest that combinations of contaminants that are commonly found in tropical coastal waters have detrimental effects on copepods-the crucial link in the pelagic food web-at lower concentrations than suggested by single stressor studies. This can have an influence on the food web productivity - the basis of fisheries that local communities rely on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Albani
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Delove Asiedu
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sika Abrokwah
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sigrún H Jónasdóttir
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torkel G Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Laura Hernández Ruiz
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bernard Ekumah
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Marja Koski
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Al-Shurbaji A, Asiedu D, Humble E, Rudling M, Berge R, Berglund L. Hepatic lipid metabolism in experimental nephrosis: decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity might contribute to the hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)93523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Skorve J, al-Shurbaji A, Asiedu D, Björkhem I, Berglund L, Berge RK. On the mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect of sulfur-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (3-thiadicarboxylic acid) in normolipidemic rats. J Lipid Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Skorve J, al-Shurbaji A, Asiedu D, Björkhem I, Berglund L, Berge RK. On the mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect of sulfur-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (3-thiadicarboxylic acid) in normolipidemic rats. J Lipid Res 1993; 34:1177-85. [PMID: 8371065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind the hypolipidemic effect of the sulfur-substituted non-beta-oxidizable fatty acid analogue 1,10 bis(carboxymethylthio)decane, also known as 3-thiadicarboxylic acid, was studied in normolipidemic rats. Treatment with 3-thiadicarboxylic acid markedly decreased plasma levels of free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. This was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels (by 46% and 42%, respectively), whereas the decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels was less pronounced (16%). However, the composition of the various plasma lipoprotein fractions was essentially unchanged. Fatty acid oxidation in both mitochondria and peroxisomes was stimulated in parallel; the activities of ATP:citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase, two key enzymes in fatty acid synthesis, were inhibited. Hepatic triglyceride biosynthesis was retarded, as indicated by a decrease in the liver triglyceride content along with a 30% reduction of hepatic VLDL-triglyceride secretion. This was accompanied by a 50% inhibition of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. The activities of plasma lipoprotein lipase as well as hepatic lipase were somewhat higher (18%) in treated animals, suggesting a slight increase in the clearance potential of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The cholesterol-lowering effect was accompanied by a considerable reduction (75%) in HMG-CoA reductase activity and a less pronounced inhibition of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (52%), and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (25%) activities. The present data suggest that the hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic properties of sulfur-substituted fatty acid analogues are primarily due to effects on triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skorve
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Haukeland Sykehus, Norway
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Asiedu D, Skorve J, Demoz A, Willumsen N, Berge RK. Relationship between translocation of long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and CTP:Phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase and the synthesis of triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine in rat liver. Lipids 1992; 27:241-7. [PMID: 1355578 DOI: 10.1007/bf02536469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A hydrolase from the microsomal fraction to the cytosolic fraction was promoted in cell-free extracts of rat liver by palmitic acid, oleic acid, tetradecylthioacetic acid, and tetradecylthiopropionic acid, and by their CoA esters. The CoA esters were more effective than the non-esterified acids in the translocation of the enzyme. Treatment of normolipidemic rats with sulfur-substituted non-beta-oxidizable fatty acid analogues resulted in a transitory increase in hepatic concentration of long-chain acyl-CoA. Longer feeding times almost normalized the hepatic long-chain acyl-CoA content. Microsomal long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity was inhibited, whereas the activity of the cytosolic form was stimulated. The rise in enzyme activity coincided with a reduction in liver content of triglyceride and an increase in hepatic phospholipid content. The results suggest that the activity of long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase in the cytosol may control the amount of acyl-CoA thioesters in the liver. Esterified and non-esterified fatty acids caused in vitro translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP):phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase from the cytosolic fraction to the microsomal fraction. However, the translocation of these two enzyme systems was not obtained in vivo. The activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase decreased in microsomal and cytosolic fractions while the activity of cytidylyltransferase in these fractions increased. The activities of soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase appeared to be inversely correlated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Asiedu
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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Skorve J, Asiedu D, Solbakken M, Gjestdal J, Songstad J, Berge RK. Comparative effects of oxygen and sulfur-substituted fatty acids on serum lipids and mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in rat. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 43:815-22. [PMID: 1540235 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90248-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Feeding tetradecyloxyacetic acid (a 3-oxa fatty acid) to rats led to decreased serum cholesterol and decreased serum triacylglycerol, resembling the effects of the corresponding 3-thia fatty acid (tetradecylthioacetic acid). The 3-oxa fatty acid inhibited strongly the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and led to the development of fatty liver, while the 3-thia fatty acid stimulated the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Feeding tetradecyloxypropionic acid (a 4-oxa fatty acid) had less effect on the serum lipids. It stimulated fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria and lowered the hepatic level of triacylglycerol. The corresponding 4-thia fatty acid (tetradecylthiopropionic acid) inhibited mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and induced development of fatty liver. All these compounds, both the oxa and the thia fatty acids, induced some increase in the activity of the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase. Repeated administration of 3-oxadicarboxylic acid to rats resulted in no lipid lowering effects, and marginal changes of fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity. Oxidation of the S-atom of the 3-thia fatty acid to the corresponding sulfoxide or sulfone eliminated the metabolic effects of the thia fatty acid. The study has shown that the effects of 3- and 4-oxa fatty acids are in some ways opposite to those of the 3- and 4-thia fatty acids. The possibility that the lipophilicity of the fatty acid analogues may be an important factor behind the differences observed are discussed. It is suggested that these oxa- and thia-analogues of fatty acids may be useful in studies on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skorve
- University of Bergen, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Norway
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Skorve J, Asiedu D, Rustan AC, Drevon CA, al-Shurbaji A, Berge RK. Regulation of fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism by hypolipidemic sulfur-substituted fatty acid analogues. J Lipid Res 1990; 31:1627-35. [PMID: 2174075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind the hypotriglyceridemic effect of 1,10-bis(carboxymethylthio)decane (3-thiadicarboxylic acid) and tetradecylthioacetic acid and the development of fatty liver caused by 3-tetradecylthiopropionic acid (Aarsland et al. 1989. J. Lipid Res. 30: 1711-1718.) were studied in the rat. Repeated administration of S-substituted non-beta-oxidizable fatty acid analogues to normolipidemic rats resulted in a time-dependent decrease in plasma triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids. This was accompanied by an acute reduction in the liver content of triglycerides and an increase in the hepatic concentration of phospholipids. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was stimulated, whereas lipogenesis was inhibited. The activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase decreased while the activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase increased. These results suggest that the observed triglyceride-lowering effect was due to increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation accompanied by a reduction in the availability of the substrate i.e., free fatty acid, along with an enzymatic inhibition (phosphatidate phosphohydrolase). Administration of 3-tetradecylthiopropionic acid led to a drastic increase in the hepatic triglyceride content. Levels of plasma triglyceride phospholipid and free fatty acid also increased. Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity was stimulated whereas CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase was inhibited. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was decreased. These data indicate that the development of fatty liver as an effect of 3-tetradecylpropionic acid is probably due to accelerated triglyceride biosynthesis, which is mediated by an increase in the availability of fatty acid along with stimulation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. The results of the present study speak strongly in favor of the hypothesis that phosphatidate phosphohydrolase is a major rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. Furthermore, they point out that the biosynthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids might be coordinately regulated. Such regulation is possibly mediated via phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Whether the increase in hepatic phospholipids via increased CDP-pathway accounts for an increase of lipid components for proliferation of peroxisomes (3-thiadicarboxylic acid and tetradecylacetic acid) should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skorve
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Haukeland Sykehus, Norway
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Skorve J, Asiedu D, Rustan AC, Drevon CA, al-Shurbaji A, Berge RK. Regulation of fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism by hypolipidemic sulfur-substituted fatty acid analogues. J Lipid Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Asiedu D, Aarsland A, Skorve J, Svardal AM, Berge RK. Fatty acid metabolism in liver of rats treated with hypolipidemic sulphur-substituted fatty acid analogues. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1044:211-21. [PMID: 1971517 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(90)90305-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate early biochemical changes and possible mechanisms via which alkyl(C12)thioacetic acid (CMTTD, blocked for beta-oxidation), alkyl(C12)thiopropionic acid (CETTD, undergo one cycle of beta-oxidation) and a 3-thiadicarboxylic acid (BCMTD, blocked for both omega- (and beta-oxidation) influence the peroxisomal beta-oxidation in liver of rats. Treatment of rats with CMTTD caused a stimulation of the palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activity accompanied with increased concentration of hepatic acid-insoluble CoA. This effect was already established during 12-24 h of feeding. From 2 days of feeding, the cellular level of acid-insoluble CoA began to decrease, whereas free CoASH content increased. Stimulation of [1-14C]palmitoyl-CoA oxidation in the presence of KCN, palmitoyl-CoA-dependent dehydrogenase (termed peroxisomal beta-oxidation) and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activities were revealed after 36-48 h of CMTTD-feeding. Administration of BCMTD affected the enzymatic activities and altered the distribution of CoA between acid-insoluble and free forms comparable to what was observed in CMTTD-treated rats. It is evident that treatment of peroxisome proliferators (BCMTD and CMTTD), the level of acyl-CoA esters and the enzyme activity involved in their formation precede the increase in peroxisomal and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activities. In CMTTD-fed animals the activity of cyanide-insensitive fatty acid oxidation remained unchanged when the mitochondrial beta-oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase operated at maximum rates. The sequence and redistribution of CoA and enzyme changes were interpreted as support for the hypothesis that substrate supply is an important factor in the regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism, i.e., the fatty acyl-CoA species appear to be catabolized by peroxisomes at high rates only when uptake into mitochondria is saturated. Administration of CETTD led to an inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation accompanied with a rise in the concentration of acyl-CoA esters in the liver. Consequently, fatty liver developed. The peroxisomal beta-oxidation was marginally affected. Whether inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation may be involved in regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism and in development of fatty liver should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Asiedu
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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