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Sancey L, Sabido O, He Z, Rossetti F, Guignandon A, Bin V, Coll JL, Cottier M, Lux F, Tillement O, Constant S, Mas C, Boudard D. Multiparametric investigation of non functionalized-AGuIX nanoparticles in 3D human airway epithelium models demonstrates preferential targeting of tumor cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:129. [PMID: 32912214 PMCID: PMC7488087 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid deposit mimicking surface aerosolization in the airway is a promising strategy for targeting bronchopulmonary tumors with reduced doses of nanoparticle (NPs). In mimicking and studying such delivery approaches, the use of human in vitro 3D culture models can bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and small animal investigations. Here, we exposed airway epithelia to liquid-apical gadolinium-based AGuIX® NPs in order to determine their safety profile. We used a multiparametric methodology to investigate the NP’s distribution over time in both healthy and tumor-bearing 3D models. AGuIX® NPs were able to target tumor cells in the absence of specific surface functionalization, without evidence of toxicity. Finally, we validated the therapeutic potential of this hybrid theranostic AGuIX® NPs upon radiation exposure in this model. In conclusion, 3D cell cultures can efficiently mimic the normal and tumor-bearing airway epitheliums, providing an ethical and accessible model for the investigation of nebulized NPs. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Sancey
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS, UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Odile Sabido
- INSERM U1059, Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,, BiiGC EA2521, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabien Rossetti
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Guignandon
- Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, Inserm U1059, LBTO Team, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Valérie Bin
- INSERM U1059, Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS, UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Cottier
- INSERM U1059, Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,CHU Saint Etienne, Hôpital Nord, UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, St-Etienne, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.,NH Theraguix, 38240, Meylan, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.,NH Theraguix, 38240, Meylan, France
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix SARL, Geneva, Switzerland.,OncoTheis SARL, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Delphine Boudard
- INSERM U1059, Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France. .,Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France. .,CHU Saint Etienne, Hôpital Nord, UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, St-Etienne, France.
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Boudard D, Aureli F, Laurent B, Sturm N, Raggi A, Antier E, Lakhdar L, Marche PN, Cottier M, Cubadda F, Bencsik A. The Authors Reply. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:554-558. [PMID: 32274463 PMCID: PMC7136343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Boudard
- CHU Saint Etienne, UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, St-Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR 1059, Equipe DVH/PIB, Faculté de Médecine, St-Etienne, France
| | - Federica Aureli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Blandine Laurent
- CHU Saint Etienne, UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, St-Etienne, France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- U1209 INSERM-Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Raggi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michèle Cottier
- Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR 1059, Equipe DVH/PIB, Faculté de Médecine, St-Etienne, France
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Sabido O, Figarol A, Klein JP, Bin V, Forest V, Pourchez J, Fubini B, Cottier M, Tomatis M, Boudard D. Quantitative Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in RAW 264.7 Macrophages after Exposure to Pristine, Acid Functionalized, or Annealed Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10020319. [PMID: 32069806 PMCID: PMC7075214 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional nanotoxicological assays are subjected to various interferences with nanoparticles and especially carbon nanotubes. A multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) methodology was developed here as an alternative to quantify oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and later cytotoxic and genotoxic events. The experiments were conducted on RAW264.7 macrophages, exposed for 90 min or 24 h-exposure with three types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs): pristine (Nanocyl™ CNT), acid functionalized (CNTf), or annealed treatment (CNTa). An original combination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) probes allowed the simultaneous quantifications of broad-spectrum ROS, superoxide anion (O2•-), and hydroxyl radical (•OH). All MWCNTs types induced a slight increase of broad ROS levels regardless of earlier antioxidant catalase activity. CNTf strongly stimulated the O2•- production. The •OH production was downregulated for all MWCNTs due to their scavenging capacity. The latter was quantified in a cell-free system by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Further FCM-based assessment revealed early biological damages with a mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, followed by late cytotoxicity with chromatin decondensation. The combined evaluation by FCM analysis and cell-free techniques led to a better understanding of the impacts of MWCNTs surface treatments on the oxidative stress and related biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Sabido
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Centre Commun de Cytométrie en Flux, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +33-477421441 (O.S.); +33-477421443 (ext.1471) (D.B.)
| | - Agathe Figarol
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, SPIN, CNRS: UMR 5307, LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Klein
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Valérie Bin
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ‘G. Scansetti’ Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Michèle Cottier
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ‘G. Scansetti’ Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Delphine Boudard
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +33-477421441 (O.S.); +33-477421443 (ext.1471) (D.B.)
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Boudard D, Aureli F, Laurent B, Sturm N, Raggi A, Antier E, Lakhdar L, Marche PN, Cottier M, Cubadda F, Bencsik A. Chronic Oral Exposure to Synthetic Amorphous Silica (NM-200) Results in Renal and Liver Lesions in Mice. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:1463-1471. [PMID: 31701056 PMCID: PMC6829198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Silicon dioxide, produced as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is made of nanoparticles (NPs), either present as such or as agglomerates and aggregates, and is widely used in many types of food processes and products as an additive. To assess whether repeated, long-term exposure to SAS NPs may result in adverse effects, mice were exposed for 18 months via drinking water to NM-200, one of the reference nanostructured silica used for applications related to food, at 4.8 mg NM-200/kg body weight per day, a dose relevant to the estimated dietary exposure to SAS in humans. Methods The experiment focused on the kidney and liver as target organs and was carried out in parallel using 3 mouse lines (wild type and transgenic) differing for the expression of α-synuclein, that is, murine and human mutated (A53T). Sensitive determination of silicon revealed higher contents in liver and kidneys of NM-200–exposed mice compared with unexposed aged-matched controls. Results Histological abnormalities, such as vacuolization of tubular epithelial cells, were detected in all kidneys, as well as inflammatory responses that were also detected in livers of exposed animals. Less frequent but more deleterious, amyloidosis lesions were observed in glomeruli, associated with perivascular amyloid accumulation in liver. Conclusion These histological findings, in conjunction with the observation of detectable deposition of silica, highlight that chronic oral intake of SAS may pose a health risk to humans and need to be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Boudard
- CHU Saint Etienne, UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, St-Etienne, France.,Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR 1059, Equipe DVH/PIB, Faculté de Médecine St-Etienne, France
| | - Federica Aureli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Blandine Laurent
- CHU Saint Etienne, UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, St-Etienne, France
| | | | - Andrea Raggi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michèle Cottier
- CHU Saint Etienne, UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, St-Etienne, France
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Mercier C, Jacqueroux E, He Z, Hodin S, Constant S, Perek N, Boudard D, Delavenne X. Pharmacological characterization of the 3D MucilAir™ nasal model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:186-196. [PMID: 30951820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The preclinical evaluation of nasally administered drug candidates requires screening studies based on in vitro models of the nasal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morpho-functional characteristics of the 3D MucilAir™ nasal model with a pharmacological focus on [ATP]-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters. We initially performed a phenotypic characterization of the MucilAir™ model and assessed its barrier properties by immunofluorescence (IF), protein mass spectrometry and examination of histological sections. We then focused on the functional expression of the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP)1, MRP2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in bidirectional transport experiments. The MucilAir™ model comprises a tight, polarized, pseudo-stratified nasal epithelium composed of fully differentiated ciliated, goblet and basal cells. These ABC transporters were all expressed by the cell membranes. P-gp and BCRP were both functional and capable of actively effluxing substrates. The MucilAir™ model could consequently represent a potent tool for evaluating the interaction of nasally administered drugs with ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Mercier
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Elodie Jacqueroux
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Zhiguo He
- Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; Laboratoire de biologie, d'ingénierie et d'imagerie de la greffe de cornée, BiiGC, EA2521 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Sophie Hodin
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix Sàrl, 14 chemin des aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Perek
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Delphine Boudard
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologie Gaz du sang, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Bitounis D, Klein JP, Mery L, El-Merhie A, Forest V, Boudard D, Pourchez J, Cottier M. Ex vivo detection and quantification of gold nanoparticles in human seminal and follicular fluids. Analyst 2018; 143:475-486. [PMID: 29230439 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing consumption of engineered nanoparticles and occupational exposure to novel, ultrafine airborne particles during the last decades has coincided with deterioration of sperm parameters and delayed fecundity. In order to prevent possible adverse health effects and ensure a sustainable growth for the nanoparticle industry, the ability to investigate the nanosized, mineralogical load of human reproductive systems is becoming a real clinical need. Toward this goal, the current study proposes two methods for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in human follicular and seminal fluid, developed with the use of well-defined 60 nm Au particles. Despite the complexity of these biological fluids, simple physical and chemical treatments allow for the precise quantification of more than 50 and 70% wt of the spiked Au nanoparticles at low μg ml-1 levels in follicular and seminal fluids, respectively. The use of electron microscopy for the detailed observation of the detected analytes is also enabled. The proposed method is applied on a small patient cohort in order to demonstrate its clinical applicability by exploring the differences in the metal and particulate content between patients with normal and low sperm count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U1059 SAINBIOSE, F-42270, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Bitounis D, Barnier V, Guibert C, Pourchez J, Forest V, Boudard D, Hochepied JF, Chelle P, Vergnon JM, Cottier M. A method for the quantitative extraction of gold nanoparticles from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids through a glycerol gradient. Nanoscale 2018; 10:2955-2969. [PMID: 29372197 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a diagnostic procedure which samples the cellular and non-cellular components of the pulmonary epithelial surface. The inherent biological noise of BAL fluids inhibits their direct mineralogical analysis while currently available particle retrieval protocols are suspected to impose quantitative and qualitative bias on the studied particle load. This study presents a simple method for the near-lossless extraction of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles from human BAL fluids at sub-ppm levels which enables their quantitation and surface characterization. This procedure was modeled according to fundamental principles of particle sedimentation and liquid-liquid interdiffusion and was evaluated by a battery of analytical techniques. The extraction yield of gold nanoparticles ranged from 61 to 86%, with a quantitation limit at 0.5 μg ml-1, as measured by inductively-coupled optical emission spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering could resolve the hydrodynamic size distribution of extracted particles which returned significantly different photon count rates at various concentrations. Their shape and primary size were easily observable by electron microscopy while atomic force microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy could respectively probe the particles' biomolecular corona, detect surface-adsorbed S- and N- species, and identify carbon-based covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U1059 SAINBIOSE, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France.
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Kurtz-Chalot A, Villiers C, Pourchez J, Boudard D, Martini M, Marche PN, Cottier M, Forest V. Impact of silica nanoparticle surface chemistry on protein corona formation and consequential interactions with biological cells. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2017; 75:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leclerc L, Klein JP, Forest V, Boudard D, Martini M, Pourchez J, Blanchin MG, Cottier M. Testicular biodistribution of silica-gold nanoparticles after intramuscular injection in mice. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 17:66. [PMID: 26044201 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the continuing development of nanomaterials, the assessment of their potential impact on human health, and especially human reproductive toxicity, is a major issue. The testicular biodistribution of nanoparticles remains poorly studied. This study investigated whether gold-silica nanoparticles could be detected in mouse testes after intramuscular injection, with a particular focus on their ability to cross the blood-testis barrier. To that purpose, well-characterized 70-nm gold core-silica shell nanoparticles were used to ensure sensitive detection using high-resolution techniques. Testes were collected at different time points corresponding to spermatogenesis stages in mice. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used for nanoparticle detection, and nanoparticle quantification was performed by atomic emission spectroscopy. All these techniques showed that no particles were able to reach the testes. Results accorded with the normal histological appearance of testes even at 45 days post sacrifice. High-resolution techniques did not detect 70-nm silica-gold nanoparticles in mouse testes after intramuscular injection. These results are reassuring about the safety of nanoparticles with regard to male human reproduction, especially in the context of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Leclerc
- University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France,
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Figarol A, Pourchez J, Boudard D, Forest V, Akono C, Tulliani JM, Lecompte JP, Cottier M, Bernache-Assollant D, Grosseau P. In vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes, nano-graphite and carbon black, similar impacts of acid functionalization. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:476-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bitounis D, Pourchez J, Forest V, Boudard D, Cottier M, Klein JP. Detection and analysis of nanoparticles in patients: A critical review of the status quo of clinical nanotoxicology. Biomaterials 2015; 76:302-12. [PMID: 26561929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On the cusp of massive commercialization of nanotechnology-enhanced products and services, the physical and chemical analysis of nanoparticles in human specimens merits immediate attention from the research community as a prerequisite for a confident clinical interpretation of their occurrence in the human organism. In this review, we describe the caveats in current practices of extracting and isolating nanoparticles from clinical samples and show that they do not help truly define the clinical significance of detected exogenous nano-sized objects. Finally, we suggest a systematic way of tackling these demanding scientific tasks. More specifically, a precise and true qualitative evaluation of nanoparticles in human biological samples is still hindered by various technical reasons. Such a procedure is more refined when the nature of the pollutants is known, like in the case of nano-sized wear debris originating from biomedical prostheses. Nevertheless, nearly all available analytical methods provide unknown quantitative accuracy and qualitative precision due to the challenging physical and chemical nature of nanoparticles. Without trustworthy information to describe the nanoparticulate load of clinical samples, it is impossible to accurately assess its pathological impact on isolated cases or allow for relevant epidemiological surveys on large populations. Therefore, we suggest that the many and various specimens stored in hospitals be used for the refinement of methods of exhaustive quantitative and qualitative characterization of prominent nanoparticles in complex human milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, EA 4624 LINA, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, F42023, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS62362, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Valérie Forest
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, F42023, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS62362, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Delphine Boudard
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, EA 4624 LINA, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Michèle Cottier
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, EA 4624 LINA, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Klein
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, EA 4624 LINA, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
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Rinaldi L, Barabino G, Klein JP, Bitounis D, Pourchez J, Forest V, Boudard D, Leclerc L, Sarry G, Roblin X, Cottier M, Phelip JM. Metals distribution in colorectal biopsies: New insight on the elemental fingerprint of tumour tissue. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:602-7. [PMID: 25869551 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have linked colorectal cancer to metal exposure. AIMS Our objective was to evaluate the element distribution in colorectal adenocarcinoma biopsies, adjacent non-tumour tissues, and healthy controls. METHODS The study is a case-control study which compared the element distribution in colon biopsies from two groups of patients: with colorectal cancer (2 types of samples: colorectal cancer biopsies and adjacent non-tumour tissues) and healthy controls. Fifteen metal concentrations (Aluminium, Boron, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Nickel, Lead, Selenium, Silicon, Titanium, Vanadium, and Zinc) were quantified by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS 104 patients were included: 76 in the colorectal cancer group, 28 in the healthy control group. Among the 15 elements analyzed, only boron, chromium, zinc, silicon and magnesium were found at clearly detectable concentrations. Colorectal tumour biopsies had significantly higher concentrations of magnesium as compared to adjacent non-tumour or healthy tissues. Zinc concentration followed the same trend but differences were not statistically significant. In addition, concentration of silicon was higher in colorectal cancer tissue than in healthy non-cancer tissue, while chromium was mostly found in adjacent non-tumour tissue. CONCLUSION Magnesium, chromium, zinc and silicon were found in noteworthy concentrations in colorectal tumour. Their potential role in colorectal carcinogenesis should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rinaldi
- University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, France; University Hospital CHU Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Gabriele Barabino
- University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, France; University Hospital CHU Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Klein
- University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, France; University Hospital CHU Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Valérie Forest
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Delphine Boudard
- University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, France; University Hospital CHU Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lara Leclerc
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gwendoline Sarry
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Michèle Cottier
- University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, France; University Hospital CHU Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Phelip
- University of Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Jean Monnet University, EA 4624 - LINA, SFR FED 4166 - IFRESIS, France; University Hospital CHU Saint-Etienne, France
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Forest V, Figarol A, Boudard D, Cottier M, Grosseau P, Pourchez J. Adsorption of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme on carbon nanotubes: how to get accurate results for the cytotoxicity of these nanomaterials. Langmuir 2015; 31:3635-3643. [PMID: 25768724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) cytotoxicity is frequently investigated using in vitro classical toxicology assays. However, these cellular tests, usually based on the use of colorimetric or fluorimetric dyes, were designed for chemicals and may not be suitable for nanosized materials. Indeed, because of their unique physicochemical properties CNT can interfere with the assays and bias the results. To get accurate data and draw reliable conclusions, these artifacts should be carefully taken into account. The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the interferences occurring between CNT and the commonly used lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Experiments under cell-free conditions were performed, and it was clearly demonstrated that artifacts occurred. They were due to the intrinsic absorbance of CNT on one hand and the adsorption of LDH at the CNT surface on the other hand. The adsorption of LDH on CNT was modeled and was found to fit the Langmuir model. The K(ads) and n(eq) constants were defined, allowing the correction of results obtained from cellular experiments to get more accurate data and lead to proper conclusions on the cytotoxicity of CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- †Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
- ‡LINA, EA4624, Saint-Etienne, France
- §SFR IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Agathe Figarol
- ‡LINA, EA4624, Saint-Etienne, France
- §SFR IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
- ∥Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, SPIN, CNRS: UMR 5307, LGF, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Delphine Boudard
- ‡LINA, EA4624, Saint-Etienne, France
- §SFR IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
- ⊥Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- #PRES Lyon, France
- ∇CHU, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Michèle Cottier
- ‡LINA, EA4624, Saint-Etienne, France
- §SFR IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
- ⊥Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- #PRES Lyon, France
- ∇CHU, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Grosseau
- ∥Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, SPIN, CNRS: UMR 5307, LGF, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- †Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
- ‡LINA, EA4624, Saint-Etienne, France
- §SFR IFRESIS, Saint-Etienne, France
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14
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Boudard D, Leboidre M, Klein J, Laurent B, Couderc A, Lakhdar L, Cottier M, Alamartine E, Bencsick A. L’exposition chronique de souris à des nanoparticules de titane ou de silice par l’eau de boisson entraîne une amylose rénale. Nephrol Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2014.07.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Boudard D, Forest V, Pourchez J, Boumahdi N, Tomatis M, Fubini B, Guilhot B, Cottier M, Grosseau P. In vitro cellular responses to silicon carbide particles manufactured through the Acheson process: Impact of physico-chemical features on pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative effects. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:856-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Forest V, Pailleux M, Pourchez J, Boudard D, Tomatis M, Fubini B, Sennour M, Hochepied JF, Grosseau P, Cottier M. Toxicity of boehmite nanoparticles: impact of the ultrafine fraction and of the agglomerates size on cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory response. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:545-53. [PMID: 24992651 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.925993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in a wide range of industrial applications. However, little is known about their potential toxicity. This study aimed at a better understanding of the relationship between the physico-chemical properties of these NPs and their in vitro biological activity. After an extensive physico-chemical characterization, the cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by a bulk industrial powder and its ultrafine fraction were assessed using RAW264.7 macrophages. Although the bulk powder did not trigger a significant biological activity, pro-inflammatory response was highly enhanced with the ultrafine fraction. This observation was confirmed with boehmite NPs synthesized at the laboratory scale, with well-defined and tightly controlled physico-chemical features: toxicity was increased when NPs were dispersed. In conclusion, the agglomerates size of boehmite NPs has a major impact on their toxicity, highlighting the need to study not only raw industrial powders containing NPs but also the ultrafine fractions representative of respirable particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- LINA , Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire d'étude des Nanoparticules Aérosolisées, EA4624, Saint-Etienne , France
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17
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Klein JP, Boudard D, Cadusseau J, Palle S, Forest V, Pourchez J, Cottier M. Testicular biodistribution of 450 nm fluorescent latex particles after intramuscular injection in mice. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 15:427-36. [PMID: 23329290 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The significant expansion in the use of nanoparticles and submicron particles during the last 20 years has led to increasing concern about their potential toxicity to humans and particularly their impact on male fertility. Currently, an insufficient number of studies have focused on the testicular biodistribution of particles. The aim of our study was to assess the distribution of 450 nm fluorescent particles in mouse testes after intramuscular injection. To this end, testes were removed from 5 groups of 3 mice each at 1 h (H1), 4 days (D4), 21 days (D21), 45 days (D45) and 90 days (D90) after the injection of 7.28 × 10⁹ particles in the tibialis anterior muscles of each mouse. We examined histological sections from these samples by epifluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy and identified testicular biodistribution of a small number of particles in groups H1, D4, D21, D45 and D90. Using CD11b immunostaining, we showed that particles were not carried into the testis by macrophages. The intratesticular repartition of particles mainly followed testicular vascularization. Finally, we found some particles in seminiferous tubules but could not determine if the blood-testis barrier was crossed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Klein
- LINA, EA 4624, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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Pailleux M, Boudard D, Pourchez J, Forest V, Grosseau P, Cottier M. New insight into artifactual phenomena during in vitro toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles: Study of TNF-α adsorption on alumina oxide nanoparticle. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1049-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Leclerc L, Rima W, Boudard D, Pourchez J, Forest V, Bin V, Mowat P, Perriat P, Tillement O, Grosseau P, Bernache-Assollant D, Cottier M. Size of submicrometric and nanometric particles affect cellular uptake and biological activity of macrophages in vitro. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:580-8. [PMID: 22861001 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.699984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micrometric and nanometric particles are increasingly used in different fields and may exhibit variable toxicity levels depending on their physicochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the size parameter on cellular uptake and biological activity, working with well-characterized fluorescent particles. We focused our attention on macrophages, the main target cells of the respiratory system responsible for the phagocytosis of the particles. METHODS FITC fluorescent silica particles of variable submicronic sizes (850, 500, 250 and 150 nm) but with similar surface coating (COOH) were tailored and physico-chemically characterized. These particles were then incubated with the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. After microscopic observations (SEM, TEM, confocal), a quantitative evaluation of the uptake was carried out. Fluorescence detected after a quenching with trypan blue allows us to distinguish and quantify entirely engulfed fluorescent particles from those just adhering to the cell membrane. Finally, these data were compared to the in vitro toxicity assessed in terms of cell damage, inflammation and oxidative stress (evaluated by LDH release, TNF-α and ROS production respectively). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Particles were well characterized (fluorescence, size distribution, zeta potential, agglomeration and surface groups) and easily visualized after cellular uptake using confocal and electron microscopy. The number of internalized particles was precisely evaluated. Size was found to be an important parameter regarding particles uptake and in vitro toxicity but this latter strongly depends on the particles doses employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leclerc
- LINA, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire d'étude des Nanoparticules Aérosolisées, EA 4624, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Leclerc L, Boudard D, Pourchez J, Forest V, Sabido O, Bin V, Palle S, Grosseau P, Bernache D, Cottier M. Quantification of microsized fluorescent particles phagocytosis to a better knowledge of toxicity mechanisms. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:1091-100. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2010.522781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lara L, Boudard D, Pourchez J, Palle S, Grosseau P, Bernache D, Cottier M. 14: Development of innovative pH sensor to evaluate phagocytosis of nanoparticles. Bull Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(15)31107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the involvement of auditory spatial compensation, which is observed in blind humans, in self-localization processes. METHOD Sighted and early-blind subjects had to indicate, on a two-dimensional view of the experimental room, the position where they previously sat and had passively listened to auditory spatial cues. Two different environments were distinguished. In a first session, auditory cues (i.e., white broadband sounds) were displayed successively in a dark anechoic room. This condition was defined as a simple acoustic environment. In a second session, four different auditory cues were displayed simultaneously at regular intervals in an experimental room, where echo cues were salient. This condition, which is more reminiscent of the natural situation, was described as a complex acoustic environment. RESULTS Self-localization capacities were significantly better in early-blind individuals than in sighted subjects, whatever the type of acoustic environment. CONCLUSIONS Auditory compensation leads to improved self-localization capacities in early-blind humans and indicates that prior visual experience is not essential for the development of spatial competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Després
- Centre d'étude de Physiologie Appliquée, Strasbourg cedex, France.
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23
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Boudard D, Viallet A, Piselli S, Guyotat D, Campos L. In vitro study of stromal cell defects in myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2003; 88:827-9. [PMID: 12857564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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24
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Thuret G, Chiquet C, Herrag S, Dumollard JM, Boudard D, Bednarz J, Campos L, Gain P. Mechanisms of staurosporine induced apoptosis in a human corneal endothelial cell line. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:346-52. [PMID: 12598452 PMCID: PMC1771564 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis very probably plays a key part in endothelial cell loss during corneal storage in organ culture as well as hypothermic storage. However, the mechanisms underlying endothelial apoptosis are poorly understood. The response of a human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) line to staurosporine, a known inducer of apoptosis, was investigated to gain insights into the intracellular modulators that participate in endothelial cell death. METHODS Immortalised HCECs were studied after 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours of incubation with 0.2 micro M staurosporine. Cell shedding was monitored. Hoechst 33342 fluorescent DNA staining combined with propidium iodide was used for apoptosis/necrosis quantification and morphological examination. The caspase-3 active form was assessed using western blot, proteolytic activity detection, and immunocytochemistry. The cleaved form of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was assessed using immunocytochemistry and western blot. The ultrastructural features of cells were screened after 12 hours with staurosporine or vehicle. RESULTS The specific apoptotic nature of staurosporine induced HCEC death was confirmed. The ultrastructural features of staurosporine treated cells were typical of apoptosis. HCEC shedding and DNA condensation increased with time. Caspase-3 activity was detected as early as 3 hours after exposure with staurosporine, peaking at 12 hours of incubation. The presence of cleaved PARP after 3 hours confirmed caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest strongly that HCEC cell death induced by staurosporine is apoptosis. The main consequence of HCEC apoptosis is shedding. Staurosporine induced apoptosis of endothelial cells involves activation of caspase-3, and could be a useful model to study strategies of cell death inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thuret
- Cell death and neoplasia laboratory, EA 3063, University of Saint-Etienne, France
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25
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Boudard D, Sordet O, Piselli S, Viallet A, Guyotat D, Campos L. Increased caspase-3 activity in refractory anemias: lack of evidence for Fas pathway implication. Leukemia 2002; 16:2343-5. [PMID: 12399987 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2002] [Accepted: 06/18/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Sordet O, Rébé C, Dubrez-Daloz L, Boudard D, Solary E. Intracellular redistribution of procaspases during TPA-induced differentiation of U937 human leukemic cells. Leukemia 2002; 16:1569-70. [PMID: 12145703 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2001] [Accepted: 12/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Boudard D, Vasselon C, Berthéas MF, Jaubert J, Mounier C, Reynaud J, Viallet A, Chautard S, Guyotat D, Campos L. Expression and prognostic significance of Bcl-2 family proteins in myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Hematol 2002; 70:115-25. [PMID: 12111784 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Excessive apoptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We assessed by flow cytometry the expression of several members of the Bcl-2 family in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) of 168 MDS samples at diagnosis. The proteins studied were Bcl-2, Bcl-xL (anti-apoptotic), Bax, Bad, Bak, and Bcl-xS (pro-apoptotic). The percentage of BMMNC expressing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was higher in refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) than in refractory anemia (RA) and RA with ringed sideroblasts (RAS). Conversely pro-apoptotic proteins Bad, Bak, and Bcl-xS were detected in a higher percentage of cells in RA and RAS. RA and RAS were associated with an increased Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL ratio. The expression of anti-apoptotic proteins was also correlated with that of CD34 and P170 and with the percentage of blast cells. Two-color analyses demonstrated that CD34 and Bcl-2 were usually expressed in the same cells. No significant correlation was found with cytogenetic abnormalities. Higher expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-family proteins (Bak, Bad, Bcl-xS) and higher Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL ratio were associated with longer survival and decreased risk of leukemic transformation in univariate analysis, whereas expression of anti-apoptotic proteins was associated with decreased survival. Consequently Bcl-2 proteins expression was well correlated with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Our data confirm that the control of apoptosis is deregulated in MDS cells. Moreover, the study of markers such as CD34 (or Bcl-2), Bcl-xL, and Bcl-xS provides additional prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Boudard
- Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Laboratoire Mort Cellulaire et Néoplasies, 15 rue Ambroise Paré, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France.
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Perek N, Koumanov F, Denoyer D, Boudard D, Dubois F. Modulation of the multidrug resistance of glioma by glutathione levels depletion--interaction with Tc-99M-Sestamibi and Tc-99M-Tetrofosmin. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2002; 17:291-302. [PMID: 12136521 DOI: 10.1089/10849780260179251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion on the chemosensitivity of human malignant glioma cell lines: G111, G5 and G152. All the cell lines showed a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype associated with MRP1 expression, high intracellular levels of GSH, and depolarized plasma membranes. Tc-99M-Sestamibi (MIBI) and Tc-99M-Tetrofosmin (Tfos) were used for monitoring the MDR mechanisms. Modulation of GSH content was performed with butoxysulfoximide (BSO) pre-treatment alone or in combination with GSH ethyl ester. MIBI and Tfos accumulation in the cells was inversely correlated to the GSH content, a higher accumulation was found after BSO pre-treatment and addition of GSH ethyl ester reversed this process. BSO could therefore play a role as a chemosensitizing drug and thus help to overcome MDR. However, higher accumulation of MIBI and Tfos was observed even in the sensitive cells suggesting another effect of BSO on the cell physiological characteristics. No sign of apoptosis has been found indicating a possible direct effect on the plasma membrane fluidity and permeability. MIBI and Tfos don't follow the expected behavior of a MDR probe in the glioma cells and given the particular morpho-physiological characteristics of these types of tumors, Tfos could be rather used as a marker of the tumor growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Perek
- Department of Biophysics and Image Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, Jacques Lisfranc, Saint Etienne, France.
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29
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Boudard D, Sordet O, Vasselon C, Revol V, Berthéas MF, Freyssenet D, Viallet A, Piselli S, Guyotat D, Campos L. Expression and activity of caspases 1 and 3 in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 2000; 14:2045-51. [PMID: 11187891 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by abnormal growth of committed progenitors in clonogenic assay, with reduced number of colonies and decreased colony/cluster ratio. It has been suggested that excessive apoptosis is the cause of marrow failure in MDS. We studied the expression of caspase-1 (interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme, ICE) and caspase-3 (CPP32/apopain) in marrow mononuclear cells, and the growth pattern of committed progenitors in a series of 83 MDS cases. The percentage of apoptotic cells as detected by TUNEL technique, and the percentage of caspase-3-positive cells were significantly higher in refractory anemia (RA) and RA with ringed sideroblasts (RAS) than in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T). Spontaneous growth of CFU-GM was associated with a higher percentage of blasts, and with a lower expression of caspase-3 and caspase-1. The yield of CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-GM (in the presence of growth factors) was decreased by comparison to normal marrow, but large individual differences were observed in all cytological categories. Inhibition of caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities by specific inhibitors resulted in a significant increase of the production of all types of colonies (up to 50-fold of control). In the presence of caspase-3 inhibitor, the number of BFU-E and CFU-E was in the range of normal values in most cases of RA and RAS. In addition, caspase-1 and -3 protease activities were detectable by fluorogenic assay in all cases studied. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of caspase-3, including the cleaved (activated)-p17 form in most cases of RA/RAS analyzed. It is concluded that caspase-3 is implicated in the increased apoptosis observed in MDS and that inhibition of its activity can restore at least partially the growth of committed progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Boudard
- Equipe Mort Cellulaire et Néoplasie, Faculté de Médicine, Saint-Etienne, France
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Abstract
Viral inactivation is one of the possibilities to reduce the residual risk of blood products. It is now applied to all plasma derived products (PDP). Application of such techniques to labile blood products (LBP) is difficult for two main reasons: any method should inactivate cell-associated viruses and should avoid any injury of the cells constituting the active ingredient. Physical techniques may reduce the viral content of cellular BPL (leucodepletion, washing, gamma irradiation), but none of them is active enough to comply with the present requirements for efficacy. An important work has been dedicated to the development of virus photoinactivation techniques. They consist of the addition of a photoreagent followed by illumination at an appropriate wavelength which results in a photochemical reaction responsible for the viral inactivation. Treatment of platelet concentrates by psoralen derivatives and UV-A illumination significantly inactivate in vitro enveloped and naked viruses, free and cell-associated viruses and also sequences integrated in the viral genome. Recent progresses have led to these results without detectable functional alteration of platelets and mutagenicity. Viral inactivation of red blood cells yet did not reach the same level because hemoglobin does not allow the use of the photoreagent compounds applicable to platelet concentrates. Viral decontamination of fresh frozen plasma by solvent and detergent, active on enveloped viruses, has been used in France since 1992. Other techniques of comparable efficacy, have received an agreement in other countries. The research on viral inactivation of LBP could prove to be of great importance in the near future in bringing additional safety to patients not only for the residual viral risk but maybe also for the residual bacterial risk of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Folléa
- Groupe Atténuation virale des produits sanguins labiles, Société Française de Transfusion Sanguine
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Ferec C, Deroff P, Bourbigot B, Herve JP, Le Guy P, Bignon JD, Boudard D, Soulillou JP. [Anti-LAV/HTLV III antibodies in patients under hemodialysis receiving blood transfusion protocols. A retrospective study of 2 transplant centers]. Presse Med 1986; 15:1378. [PMID: 2950422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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