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Rodin RE, Venna N, Balaban DT. A case of immunotherapy-responsive autoimmune hemichorea. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38644607 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subacute adult-acquired hemichorea is a striking presentation with a broad differential, including ischemic, metabolic, and inflammatory causes. CASE We encountered a 74-year-old woman with rapid onset of hemichorea and associated encephalopathy. Following a thorough workup without identification of clear imaging or laboratory abnormalities, we empirically treated with IVIg. Her hemichorea dramatically improved. Due to relapses of hemichorea, she required repeat immunotherapy with IVIg or high dose steroids followed by maintenance mycophenolate. DISCUSSION This case of seronegative autoimmune hemichorea highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for an inflammatory etiology of chorea when other causes are ruled out and performing an immunotherapy trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Rodin
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nagagopal Venna
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denis T Balaban
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Balaban DT, Hutto SK, Panzarini BP, O'Shea A, Varma A, Jones PS, Chwalisz BK, Stone JH, Venna N. Treatment of IgG4-related disease-associated hypertrophic pachymeningitis with intrathecal rituximab: a case report. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1189778. [PMID: 37292126 PMCID: PMC10244657 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1189778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease-associated hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IgG4RD-HP) is a fibroinflammatory autoimmune disorder in which diagnosis is difficult without biopsy. Guidance on management of disease refractory to glucocorticoids and intravenous rituximab is limited. We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with IgG4RD-HP who developed sensorineural hearing loss with associated bulky basilar pachymeningeal enhancement. Her cerebrospinal fluid was inflammatory and had an elevated IgG4 concentration, strongly suggestive of IgG4RD-HP. Biopsy of involved meninges was not possible due to surgical risk. Over years she developed bilateral optic neuropathies and hydrocephalus, requiring intravenous rituximab and ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Her disease was refractory to glucocorticoids. Despite maintenance intravenous rituximab, she developed slowly progressive symptoms of intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus with persistently inflammatory spinal fluid. Switching to intrathecal rituximab therapy led to dramatic improvement in gait and headache and reduced pachymeningeal bulk and metabolic activity. In patients with IgG4RD-HP refractory to glucocorticoids and intravenous rituximab, intrathecal rituximab may be an efficacious therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis T. Balaban
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spencer K. Hutto
- Division of Hospital Neurology, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruno P. Panzarini
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aileen O'Shea
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aditi Varma
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pamela S. Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bart K. Chwalisz
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Neuro-Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John H. Stone
- Department of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nagagopal Venna
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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