Effect of weight satisfaction on adolescent facial and dental satisfaction

PURPOSE

To investigate if facial and dental satisfaction is related to body fat percentage and body weight satisfaction.

METHODS

A self-administered questionnaire was applied to adolescents from a Private School in Southern Brazil containing sociodemographic (sex and age) and self-perception variables. Adolescents were asked about their perceptions concerning dental problems. Body fat percentage was collected using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 372 adolescents were examined. Most adolescents were satisfied with their dental (81.7%) and facial appearance (87.6%), while 39% of adolescents were satisfied with their body weight. Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who expressed satisfaction with their body weight (PR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.19) and were satisfied with their dental appearance (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.41) exhibited a positive association with facial satisfaction. Adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), those reporting dental pain (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), and individuals with obesity (PR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.83-0.99) demonstrated a decrease in facial satisfaction. Adolescents aged 16 to 19 years (PR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15) and those satisfied with their facial appearance (PR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.01-1.43) exhibited a higher prevalence of dental satisfaction. Conversely, adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.82) and those with misaligned teeth (PR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.55-0.73) reported lower levels of dental satisfaction. Parametric g-formula analysis found that the association between body fat and facial satisfaction was mediated by body weight satisfaction (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

While dental satisfaction was not influenced by corporeal characteristics, facial satisfaction was influenced by dental and body weight satisfaction. Obese adolescents had low facial satisfaction.

Vehicle-assisted ligature decapitation - an unusual case report

Suicide by vehicle-assisted strangulation resulting in decapitation is a rare occurrence, characterized by a high kinetic energy mechanism that produces a clean-cut appearance in the decapitation area. Often resembling an incisive wound, this particular finding can mislead local authorities into investigating the case as a homicide. This case report describes an adult male who accelerated his vehicle after tying a nylon rope around his neck and securing it to a metallic structure on the wall. Furthermore, we conducted a brief review of cases published within the last ten years, summarizing the most prevalent findings associated with these incidents. By analyzing previously reported cases alongside our own, we aim to consolidate the prevailing patterns observed in vehicle-assisted strangulation cases. This underscores the paramount importance of thorough scene analysis by the medico-legal team and emphasizes the significance of subsequent necropsy findings in accurately discerning the manner of death.

Polimorfismos de los codones 136 y 171 del gen PrP en una majada de ovino Criollo del Uruguay

El scrapie es una enfermedad neuro-degenerativa transmisible de ovinos y caprinos. Se caracteriza por la acumulación en el sistema nervioso central de una isoforma anómala de una proteína celular normal (PrPc) codificada por el gen PrP. En el exón 2 del gen se han identificado mutaciones en los codones 136, 154 y 171. La combinación de estos codones muestran diferentes niveles de asociación con la susceptibilidad a la enfermedad, desde muy resistentes (ARR/ARR) a muy susceptibles (VRQ/VRQ). Los codones 171 y 136 son los mayores determinantes de la susceptibilidad al scrapie, mientras que el codón 154 juega un rol menor. En el presente trabajo se estudió una muestra de ovinos Criollos Uruguayos (N=28) para los codones 136 y 171. Las muestras de ADN genómico se procesaron por PCR-RFLP. Los resultados se obtuvieron por electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida (10,5%) teñidos con AgNO3. Se analizaron las frecuencias genotípicas para los codones 136 y 171. Cinco genotipos diferentes fueron obtenidos, encontrándose en mayor frecuencia los genotipos de alta susceptibilidad: VQ/AQ= 0,39 y AQ/AQ= 0,29. El análisis de riesgo genético de esta majada según los genotipos obtenidos, reveló un 72% de animales muy susceptibles a la enfermedad en caso de manifestarse las condiciones ambientales propicias.

Tissue phantom for optical diagnostics based on a suspension of microspheres with a fractal size distribution

We demonstrate experimentally the possibility of reproducing the phase function, absorption, and scattering coefficients of a real biological tissue (adult brain white matter and liver) using a suspension of polystyrene microspheres with a fractal size distribution. The design of a light scattering goniometer with a cylindrical cell in air is discussed, and phase function measurements using the device are described. The scattering coefficient is measured using transmission spectrophotometry and the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients are measured using a time-resolved method. A good match between real tissue and phantom parameters is demonstrated.