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Marchini L, Recker E, Hartshorn J, Cowen H, Lynch D, Drake D, Blanchette DR, Dawson DV, Kanellis M, Caplan D. Iowa nursing facility oral hygiene (INFOH) intervention: A clinical and microbiological pilot randomized trial. Spec Care Dentist 2018; 38:345-355. [PMID: 30194737 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate feasibility and gather initial data for a definitive study to test the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of a nursing facility (NF) customized oral hygiene protocol, intended to be delivered by dental hygienists and NF personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS A convenience sample of 8 Eastern Iowa NFs was recruited, and each NF was assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) control (current oral hygiene practice), (2) educational program only, and (3) educational program plus 1% chlorhexidine varnish monthly application. Demographic information, systemic health data, patient centered data, oral health data, and microbiology samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS Recruitment response rates were 21% for NFs and 23% for residents. A total of 81 residents were examined at baseline and of those, 49 were examined at 6 months (39.5% attrition). There were no statistically or clinically significant differences among the intervention groups at 6 months for any of the recorded clinical or microbiological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment and retention posed a significant challenge to this trial, even with a relatively short observation period. Results from this pilot study did not encourage further investigation of this customized oral hygiene protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marchini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erica Recker
- The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hartshorn
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard Cowen
- Clinical Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David Lynch
- Post-Doctoral Fellow, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David Drake
- Professor, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Morris Bernstein Professor of Dentistry, Professor of Biostatistics, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research and the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry & Biostatistics, and the Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Kanellis
- Associate Dean for Patient Care, Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel Caplan
- Professor and Head, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Douglass JM, Tinanoff N, Kramer KWO, Warren JJ, Phipps KR, Starr DE, Marshall TA, Mabry TR, Pagan-Rivera K, Banas JA, Drake DR. Evidence of Early Emergence of the Primary Dentition in a Northern Plains American Indian Population. JDR Clin Trans Res 2018; 3:161-169. [PMID: 29568802 DOI: 10.1177/2380084418756054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to describe primary tooth emergence in an American Indian (AI) population during the first 36 mo of life to compare 1) patterns of emergence between male and female children and 2) tooth emergence between these AI children and other U.S. ethnic groups. Data were derived from a birth cohort of 239 AI children from a Northern Plains tribe participating in a longitudinal study of early childhood caries, with examination data at target ages of 8, 12, 16, 22, 28, and 36 mo of age (±1 mo). Patterns of emergence in AI children were characterized and sex comparisons accomplished with interval-censored survival methodology. Numbers of erupted teeth in AI children at each age were compared via Kruskal-Wallis tests against those in children of the same age, as drawn from a cross-sectional study of dental caries patterns in Arizona; these comparisons were based on the dental examinations of 547 White non-Hispanic and 677 Hispanic children. Characterization of time to achievement of various milestones-including emergence of the anterior teeth, the first molars, and the complete primary dentition-provided no evidence of sex differences among AI children. AI children had significantly more teeth present at 8 mo (median, 3) than either White non-Hispanic (P < 0.0063) or Hispanic (P < 0.0001) children (median, 2 each). This was also true at 12 mo (P < 0.001; medians, 8 vs. 6 and 7, respectively) and 16 mo (P < 0.001; medians, 12 vs. 11 each). Less pronounced differences were seen at 22 mo (P < 0.0001). White non-Hispanic and Hispanic children did not differ at any time considered (P > 0.05). These results provide evidence of earlier tooth emergence in AI children than in the other 2 ethnicities. Although the underlying etiology of the severity of early childhood caries in AI children is likely to be multifactorial, earlier tooth emergence may be a contributing factor. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study have practical implications for practitioners providing childhood oral health care to ethnic groups with early tooth emergence. It may be important to provide parents with information on toothbrushing, dentist visits, and other practices supportive of good oral health as early as possible to protect their children's primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Dawson
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D R Blanchette
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J M Douglass
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - N Tinanoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - J J Warren
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - K R Phipps
- Oral Health Surveillance Consultant, Morro Bay, CA, USA
| | | | - T A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - T R Mabry
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K Pagan-Rivera
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J A Banas
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D R Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Villhauer AL, Lynch DJ, Warren JJ, Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Drake DR. Genotypic characterization and comparison of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian and Southeast Iowa children. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:235-243. [PMID: 29416899 PMCID: PMC5788224 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries is a complex health care issue that has a multifactorial etiology. One aspect of this etiology is the colonization and propagation of acidogenic bacteria at an early age. There have been several bacterial species associated with caries but 1 common species is Streptococcus mutans. Here, we describe genotypic diversity and commonality of Streptococcus mutans recovered from children representing 2 groups with similar socioeconomic demographics: a Northern Plains American Indian Tribe and a Southeast Iowa population. Forty 36‐month‐old American Indian children were selected from a cohort of 239 mothers and children, and forty 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children from Southeast Iowa were selected to compare the genotypic profiles of Streptococcus mutans recovered from each child's plaque. S. mutans isolates were selected from whole mouth plaque samples; DNA was extracted and amplified via AP‐PCR to show specific genotype patterns. These patterns were compared with GelComparIIv6.5 gel analysis software. We found 18 distinct genotypes from 524 isolates; 13 of which were common between the 2 communities. Five genotypes were unique to only the American Indian children while the Southeast Iowa children harbored no unique genotypes. Although the American Indian children had some genotypes that were not present in the Southeast Iowa children, these were not widely distributed among the community. Furthermore, the levels of genotypic diversity and commonality were similar between the 2 populations. This study sets the groundwork for a comprehensive comparison of genotypes and caries among larger subsections of both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa L Villhauer
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - David J Lynch
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - John J Warren
- Preventive and Community Dentistry University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
| | - David R Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research University of Iowa, College of Dentistry Iowa USA
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Gratton DG, Kwon SR, Blanchette DR, Aquilino SA. Performance of two different digital evaluation systems used for assessing pre-clinical dental students' prosthodontic technical skills. Eur J Dent Educ 2017; 21:252-260. [PMID: 27470184 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proper integration of newly emerging digital assessment tools is a central issue in dental education in an effort to provide more accurate and objective feedback to students. The study examined how the outcomes of students' tooth preparation were correlated when evaluated using traditional faculty assessment and two types of digital assessment approaches. Specifically, incorporation of the Romexis Compare 2.0 (Compare) and Sirona prepCheck 1.1 (prepCheck) systems was evaluated. Additionally, satisfaction of students based on the type of software was evaluated through a survey. MATERIAL AND METHODS Students in a second-year pre-clinical prosthodontics course were allocated to either Compare (n = 42) or prepCheck (n = 37) systems. All students received conventional instruction and used their assigned digital system as an additional evaluation tool to aid in assessing their work. Examinations assessed crown preparations of the maxillary right central incisor (#8) and the mandibular left first molar (#19). All submissions were graded by faculty, Compare and prepCheck. RESULTS Technical scores did not differ between student groups for any of the assessment approaches. Compare and prepCheck had modest, statistically significant correlations with faculty scores with a minimum correlation of 0.3944 (P = 0.0011) and strong, statistically significant correlations with each other with a minimum correlation of 0.8203 (P < 0.0001). A post-course student survey found that 55.26% of the students felt unfavourably about learning the digital evaluation protocols. A total of 62.31% felt favourably about the integration of these digital tools into the curriculum. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of Compare and prepCheck showed no evidence of significant difference in students' prosthodontics technical performance and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Gratton
- Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Hospital Dentistry Institute, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S R Kwon
- Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - D R Blanchette
- Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - S A Aquilino
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Banas JA, Zhu M, Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Drake DR, Gu H, Frost R, McCaulley G, Levy SM. Acidogenicity and acid tolerance of Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis isolated from plaque of healthy and incipient caries teeth. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:32940. [PMID: 27790973 PMCID: PMC5084378 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.32940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-mutans low pH oral streptococci are postulated to contribute to caries etiology. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate whether the acidogenicity and acid tolerance of clinical strains of Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis correlate with health or early-stage enamel caries. DESIGN S. oralis and S. mitis were isolated from plaque samples taken from the occlusal surfaces of second molars sampled at two different visits 4 years apart. All sites were sound at Visit 1; subjects were segregated into one of three groups based on the status of the site at Visit 2 and caries elsewhere in the dentition. Strains of S. oralis and S. mitis were evaluated for acidogenicity and acid tolerance, and the results correlated with the clinical status of the sites from which they were isolated. Mutans streptococci (MS) isolated from the plaque samples were also quantified, and the presence or absence of growth on pH 5.5 media or on media selective for bifidobacteria was recorded. RESULTS No significant positive correlations were found between the acidogenicity properties of the S. oralis and S. mitis clones and caries at either visit. Similar results were obtained for acid tolerance of S. oralis clones but were inconclusive for S. mitis clones. A statistically significant positive correlation between MS levels and caries (or future caries) was evident at both visits, but there were no statistical correlations with the growth on pH 5.5 media or media selective for bifidobacteria. CONCLUSIONS The low pH potential likely varies considerably among oral streptococcal species and is least likely to be found among strains of S. mitis. Accordingly, the concept and constitution of 'low pH streptococci' may need to be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Banas
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA;
| | - Min Zhu
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David R Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hongjie Gu
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ryan Frost
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Grant McCaulley
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry Iowa City, IA, USA
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Moreno Uribe LM, Ray A, Blanchette DR, Dawson DV, Southard TE. Phenotype-genotype correlations of facial width and height proportions in patients with Class II malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 18 Suppl 1:100-8. [PMID: 25865538 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize soft-tissue facial height and width variation in Class II malocclusion and test for correlations with genes HMGA2, AJUBA, and ADK. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Nine facial proportions were estimated from 2D frontal repose photographs of 330 Caucasian adults with Class II malocclusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS After adjustments for age and gender, the facial proportions were submitted to a principal component analyses (PCA). The most meaningful phenotypic variations were correlated with SNPs rs7924176 (ADK), rs17101923 (HMGA2), and rs997154 (AJUBA) genotyped in 106 individuals. RESULTS Principal component analyses resulted in four principal components (PCs), which explained 75% of total variation. PC1 captured variation in the intercanthus distance and explained 28% of total variation. PC2 explained 21% of the variations in facial taper and facial index. PC3 explained 14% and reflected variations in the vertical dimension of the lower face. PC4 explained 12% and captured variations in distance between the eyes, width of the commissures, and the length of the superior aspect of the lower face height corresponding to the vertical dimension of the philtrum of the upper lip. A suggestive association (p<0.05) was observed between PC4 and rs997154 corroborating the role of AJUBA in variation of facial dimensions. CONCLUSION 2D frontal photographs can be used to derive quantitative measures of soft-tissue phenotypes that are of clinical relevance. The methods described are suitable for discovery and replication of associations between genotypes and malocclusion phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, Dows Institute for Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Straub-Morarend CL, Wankiiri-Hale CR, Blanchette DR, Lanning SK, Bekhuis T, Smith BM, Brodie AJ, Oliveira DC, Handysides RA, Dawson DV, Spallek H. Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behavior: A Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Study of a Population of U.S. Dental Students. J Dent Educ 2016; 80:430-438. [PMID: 27037451 PMCID: PMC4893783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to help inform faculty and curriculum leaders in academic dental institutions about the knowledge, skills, perceptions, and behavior of an institutionally diverse population of dental students with respect to evidence-based practice (EBP). A survey utilizing the validated Knowledge, Attitudes, Access, and Confidence Evaluation instrument developed by Hendricson et al. was conducted in 2012 with fourth-year dental students at seven geographically dispersed U.S. dental schools. The survey addressed elements of EBP knowledge, attitudes toward EBP, behavior in accessing evidence, and perceptions of competence in statistical analysis. A total of 138 students from the seven schools participated. A slight majority of these students correctly responded to the knowledge of critical appraisal questions. While the students demonstrated positive attitudes about EBP, they did not report high levels of confidence in their critical appraisal skills. The findings also showed that the students accessed various sources of evidence with differing frequencies. The most frequently accessed resources were colleagues, the Internet (excluding Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), and textbooks. The results of this study help to identify areas for improvement in EBP education in order to advance dental students' preparation to become evidence-based practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Straub-Morarend
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study. cheryl-m
| | - Christine R Wankiiri-Hale
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Sharon K Lanning
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Tanja Bekhuis
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Becky M Smith
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Abby J Brodie
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Deise Cruz Oliveira
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Robert A Handysides
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
| | - Heiko Spallek
- Dr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study
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Straub-Morarend CL, Wankiiri-Hale CR, Blanchette DR, Lanning SK, Bekhuis T, Smith BM, Brodie AJ, Oliveira DC, Handysides RA, Dawson DV, Spallek H. Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behavior: A Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Study of a Population of U.S. Dental Students. J Dent Educ 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.4.tb06101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine R. Wankiiri-Hale
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care; School of Dental Medicine; University of Pittsburgh
| | - Derek R. Blanchette
- Division of Biostatistics and Research Design; College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; University of Iowa
| | - Sharon K. Lanning
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Tanja Bekhuis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; School of Medicine; Department of Dental Public Health; School of Dental Medicine; Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research; University of Pittsburgh
| | - Becky M. Smith
- Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences; School of Dentistry; University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Abby J. Brodie
- College of Dental Medicine; Nova Southeastern University
| | - Deise Cruz Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; University of Detroit Mercy
| | | | - Deborah V. Dawson
- Division of Biostatistics and Research Design; Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics; Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics; College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; University of Iowa
| | - Heiko Spallek
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Sydney; Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs; Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research; School of Dental Medicine; University of Pittsburgh
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Warren JJ, Fontana M, Blanchette DR, Dawson DV, Drake DR, Levy SM, Kolker JL, Phipps KR. Timing of primary tooth emergence among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. J Public Health Dent 2016; 76:259-262. [PMID: 26992441 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare timing of tooth emergence among groups of American Indian (AI), Black and White children in the United States at 12 months of age. METHODS Data were from two sources - a longitudinal study of a Northern Plains tribal community and a study with sites in Indiana, Iowa and North Carolina. For the Northern Plains study, all children (n = 223) were American Indian, while for the multisite study, children (n = 320) were from diverse racial groups. Analyses were limited to data from examinations conducted within 30 days of the child's first birthday. RESULTS AI children had significantly more teeth present (Mean: 7.8, Median: 8.0) than did Whites (4.4, 4.0, P < 0.001) or Blacks (4.5, 4.0, P < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between Black and White children (P = 0.58). There was no significant sex difference overall or within any of the racial groups. CONCLUSIONS Tooth emergence occurs at a younger age for AI children than it does for contemporary White or Black children in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Warren
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Margherita Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David R Drake
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Justine L Kolker
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Dawson DV, Pihlstrom BL, Blanchette DR. Understanding and evaluating meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 147:264-70. [PMID: 26705602 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analysis refers to statistical methodology used to combine data from many studies to obtain an overall assessment of disease risk or treatment outcomes. In this article, the authors review basic methods, interpretation, and limitations of meta-analysis. METHODS Investigators use meta-analysis approaches to combine data from available studies to obtain an answer to a specific question. An investigator uses a fixed model if there is homogeneity among the combined studies and a random-effects model if there is heterogeneity. The random-effects model results in wider confidence limits and more conservative estimates of overall results. A meta-analysis can be biased because studies with negative results (no differences in treatment outcomes) are less likely to be published (publication bias). RESULTS A meta-analysis should include a well-specified and reproducible set of procedures, including description of data abstraction procedures, attempts to include unpublished studies, and appropriate statistical analysis that includes thorough consideration of heterogeneity and potential bias. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis cannot correct shortcomings of existing studies or data. However, if potential pitfalls are recognized, meta-analysis can be a useful tool for summarizing existing studies, providing a means to address conflicting reports. Meta-analysis can lead to increased precision, providing greater power to detect existing relationships or treatment effects. Furthermore, meta-analysis may make it possible to address questions that cannot be answered by means of individual studies. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Meta-analysis provides an objective, quantitative synthesis of available studies but needs to be understood and assessed critically by those who use it to assess risk or make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ran Kwon
- Department of Operative Dentistry; University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Family Dentistry; University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - Derek R. Blanchette
- Division of Biostatistics and Research Design; University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - Matthew T. Lam
- University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - David G. Gratton
- Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics; Hospital Dentistry Institute; University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics
| | - Steven A. Aquilino
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
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12
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Kwon SR, Hernández M, Blanchette DR, Lam MT, Gratton DG, Aquilino SA. Effect of Computer-Assisted Learning on Students' Dental Anatomy Waxing Performance. J Dent Educ 2015; 79:1093-1100. [PMID: 26329034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of computer-assisted learning on first-year dental students' waxing abilities and self-evaluation skills. Additionally, this study sought to determine how well digital evaluation software performed compared to faculty grading with respect to students' technical scores on a practical competency examination. First-year students at one U.S. dental school were assigned to one of three groups: control (n=40), E4D Compare (n=20), and Sirona prepCheck (n=19). Students in the control group were taught by traditional teaching methodologies, and the technology-assisted groups received both traditional training and supplementary feedback from the corresponding digital system. Five outcomes were measured: visual assessment score, self-evaluation score, and digital assessment scores at 0.25 mm, 0.30 mm, and 0.35 mm tolerance. The scores from visual assessment and self-evaluation were examined for differences among groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlation between the visual assessment and digital scores was measured using Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients. At completion of the course, students were asked to complete a survey on the use of these digital technologies. All 79 students in the first-year class participated in the study, for a 100% response rate. The results showed that the visual assessment and self-evaluation scores did not differ among groups (p>0.05). Overall correlations between visual and digital assessment scores were modest though statistically significant (5% level of significance). Analysis of survey responses completed by students in the technology groups showed that profiles for the two groups were similar and not favorable towards digital technology. The study concluded that technology-assisted training did not affect these students' waxing performance or self-evaluation skills and that visual scores given by faculty and digital assessment scores correlated moderately.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ran Kwon
- Dr. Kwon is Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Hernández is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Blanchette is Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Lam is a fourth-year dental student, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Gratton is Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Hospital Dentistry Institute, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; and Dr. Aquilino is Professor Emeritus, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics.
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Dr. Kwon is Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Hernández is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Blanchette is Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Lam is a fourth-year dental student, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Gratton is Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Hospital Dentistry Institute, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; and Dr. Aquilino is Professor Emeritus, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Dr. Kwon is Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Hernández is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Blanchette is Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Lam is a fourth-year dental student, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Gratton is Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Hospital Dentistry Institute, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; and Dr. Aquilino is Professor Emeritus, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - Matthew T Lam
- Dr. Kwon is Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Hernández is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Blanchette is Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Lam is a fourth-year dental student, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Gratton is Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Hospital Dentistry Institute, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; and Dr. Aquilino is Professor Emeritus, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - David G Gratton
- Dr. Kwon is Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Hernández is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Blanchette is Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Lam is a fourth-year dental student, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Gratton is Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Hospital Dentistry Institute, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; and Dr. Aquilino is Professor Emeritus, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
| | - Steven A Aquilino
- Dr. Kwon is Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Hernández is Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Blanchette is Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Mr. Lam is a fourth-year dental student, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics; Dr. Gratton is Associate Professor and Director, Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Hospital Dentistry Institute, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics; and Dr. Aquilino is Professor Emeritus, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics
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Lynch DJ, Villhauer AL, Warren JJ, Marshall TA, Dawson DV, Blanchette DR, Phipps KR, Starr DE, Drake DR. Genotypic characterization of initial acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in American Indian children. J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:27182. [PMID: 25840611 PMCID: PMC4385128 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC) is one of the most common infectious diseases in children and is prevalent in lower socio-economic populations. American Indian children suffer from the highest levels of S-ECC in the United States. Members of the mutans streptococci, Streptococcus mutans, in particular, are key etiologic agents in the development of caries. Children typically acquire S. mutans from their mothers and early acquisition is often associated with higher levels of tooth decay. Methods We have conducted a 5-year birth cohort study with a Northern Plains Tribe to determine the temporality and fidelity of S. mutans transmission from mother to child in addition to the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in this community. Plaque samples were collected from 239 mother/child dyads at regular intervals from birth to 36 months and S. mutans were isolated and genotyped by arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Results Here we present preliminary findings from a subset of the cohort. The focus for this paper is on initial acquisition events in the children. We identified 17 unique genotypes in 711 S. mutans isolates in our subset of 40 children, 40 mothers and 14 primary caregivers. Twelve of these genotypes were identified in more than one individual. S. mutans colonization occurred by 16 months in 57.5% of the children and early colonization was associated with higher decayed, missing and filled surface (DMFS) scores (p=0.0007). Children colonized by S. mutans shared a common genotype with their mothers 47.8% of the time. While multiple genotypes were common in adults, only 10% of children harbored multiple genotypes. Conclusion These children acquire S. mutans at an earlier age than the originally described ‘window of infectivity’ and often, but not exclusively, from their mothers. Early acquisition is associated with both the caries status of the children and the mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lynch
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alissa L Villhauer
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John J Warren
- Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Teresa A Marshall
- Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah V Dawson
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Delores E Starr
- Area Regional Dental Prevention/Research Director, Pine Ridge, SD, USA
| | - David R Drake
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA;
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Uc EY, Doerschug KC, Magnotta V, Dawson JD, Thomsen TR, Kline JN, Rizzo M, Newman SR, Mehta S, Grabowski TJ, Bruss J, Blanchette DR, Anderson SW, Voss MW, Kramer AF, Darling WG. Phase I/II randomized trial of aerobic exercise in Parkinson disease in a community setting. Neurology 2014; 83:413-25. [PMID: 24991037 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) investigate effects of aerobic walking on motor function, cognition, and quality of life in Parkinson disease (PD), and (2) compare safety, tolerability, and fitness benefits of different forms of exercise intervention: continuous/moderate intensity vs interval/alternating between low and vigorous intensity, and individual/neighborhood vs group/facility setting. METHODS Initial design was a 6-month, 2 × 2 randomized trial of different exercise regimens in independently ambulatory patients with PD. All arms were required to exercise 3 times per week, 45 minutes per session. RESULTS Randomization to group/facility setting was not feasible because of logistical factors. Over the first 2 years, we randomized 43 participants to continuous or interval training. Because preliminary analyses suggested higher musculoskeletal adverse events in the interval group and lack of difference between training methods in improving fitness, the next 17 participants were allocated only to continuous training. Eighty-one percent of 60 participants completed the study with a mean attendance of 83.3% (95% confidence interval: 77.5%-89.0%), exercising at 46.8% (44.0%-49.7%) of their heart rate reserve. There were no serious adverse events. Across all completers, we observed improvements in maximum oxygen consumption, gait speed, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale sections I and III scores (particularly axial functions and rigidity), fatigue, depression, quality of life (e.g., psychological outlook), and flanker task scores (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Increase in maximum oxygen consumption correlated with improvements on the flanker task and quality of life (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study suggests that aerobic walking in a community setting is safe, well tolerated, and improves aerobic fitness, motor function, fatigue, mood, executive control, and quality of life in mild to moderate PD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that in patients with PD, an aerobic exercise program improves aerobic fitness, motor function, fatigue, mood, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergun Y Uc
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
| | - Kevin C Doerschug
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Vincent Magnotta
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jeffrey D Dawson
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Teri R Thomsen
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Joel N Kline
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Matthew Rizzo
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Sara R Newman
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Sonya Mehta
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Thomas J Grabowski
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Joel Bruss
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Derek R Blanchette
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Steven W Anderson
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Michelle W Voss
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Warren G Darling
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.Y.U., T.R.T., M.R., S.R.N., J.B., S.W.A.), Internal Medicine (K.C.D., J.N.K.), Radiology (V.M.), Biostatistics (J.D.D., D.R.B.), Psychology (M.W.V.), and Health and Human Physiology (W.G.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Neurology Service (E.Y.U., T.R.T., S.R.N.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Neurology (S.M., T.J.G.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Psychology (A.F.K.), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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15
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Fischer CL, Walters KS, Drake DR, Blanchette DR, Dawson DV, Brogden KA, Wertz PW. Sphingoid bases are taken up by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and induce ultrastructural damage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 26:36-44. [PMID: 23128426 DOI: 10.1159/000343175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases found in the outer layers of the skin exhibit antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We investigated the uptake of several sphingoid bases by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and assessed subsequent ultrastructural damage. E. coli and S. aureus were incubated with D-sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, or phytosphingosine at ten times their MIC for 0.5 and 4 h, respectively, to kill 50% of viable bacteria. Treated bacterial cells were immediately prepared for SEM, TEM, and analyzed for lipid content by QTLC. E. coli and S. aureus treated with sphingoid bases were distorted and their surfaces were concave and rugate. Significant differences were observed in the visual surface area relative to controls for both E. coli and S. aureus when treated with dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine (p < 0.0001) but not phytosphingosine. While sphingoid base-treated S. aureus exhibited disruption and loss of cell wall and membrane, E. coli cytoplasmic membranes appeared intact and the outer envelope uncompromised. Both E. coli and S. aureus cells contained unique internal inclusion bodies, likely associated with cell death. QTLC demonstrated extensive uptake of sphingoid bases by the bacteria. Hence, sphingoid bases induce both extracellular and intracellular damage and cause intracellular inclusions that may reflect lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Fischer
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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16
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Borkowski AH, Barnes DC, Blanchette DR, Castellanos FX, Klein DF, Wilson DA. Interaction between δ opioid receptors and benzodiazepines in CO₂-induced respiratory responses in mice. Brain Res 2011; 1396:54-9. [PMID: 21561601 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The false-suffocation hypothesis of panic disorder (Klein, 1993) suggested δ-opioid receptors as a possible source of the respiratory dysfunction manifested in panic attacks occurring in panic disorder (Preter and Klein, 2008). This study sought to determine if a lack of δ-opioid receptors in a mouse model affects respiratory response to elevated CO₂, and whether the response is modulated by benzodiazepines, which are widely used to treat panic disorder. In a whole-body plethysmograph, respiratory responses to 5% CO₂ were compared between δ-opioid receptor knockout mice and wild-type mice after saline, diazepam (1mg/kg), and alprazolam (0.3mg/kg) injections. The results show that lack of δ-opioid receptors does not affect normal response to elevated CO₂, but does prevent benzodiazepines from modulating that response. Thus, in the presence of benzodiazepine agonists, respiratory responses to elevated CO₂ were enhanced in δ-opioid receptor knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. This suggests an interplay between benzodiazepine receptors and δ-opioid receptors in regulating the respiratory effects of elevated CO₂, which might be related to CO₂ induced panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Borkowski
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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