1
|
Tan JHJ, Neesham D, Szabo RA, Khomko N, Yap D, Wrede CDH. Colposcopy performance in the new primary HPV screening in Australia: How to determine colposcopy competency? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024. [PMID: 38425311 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess colposcopic performance and determine indicators for competency within the new Australian primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening program. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective observational study of 4542 women seen at The Royal Women's Hospital Colposcopy Clinic in Melbourne, from 1 December 2017 to 31 July 2020 after a higher-risk cervical screening test (CST) result. RESULTS Histological CIN2+ was detected in 25.1% up to two years from first colposcopy visit (FCV). The majority (86.7%) of CIN2+ was detected early within the first six months of presentation. Biopsy rate overall was 96.1% with abnormal colposcopic impression. Of four colposcopists with a lower biopsy rate, only one was able to achieve this early detection rate. Biopsy was also taken in over 30% of cases with negative reflex cytology and normal colposcopy, with CIN2+ detected in 5.0% among positive HPV16/18 and 3.8% with non-16/18 HPV. Positive predictive value of high-grade colposcopic impression at FCV averaged 66.4% (range: 54.9-81.6% among our colposcopists) and is poorly correlated with early detection rate of CIN2+. Overall accuracy of colposcopy is 84.5% (range: 78.7-90.3%), buoyed by high true negative colposcopic predictions secondary to high rates of negative reflex cytology referral with the new screening algorithm and is also unlikely to be a useful colposcopy indicator. CONCLUSIONS Early detection rate of CIN2+ within the first six months of presentation is a useful measure of colposcopy competency and we would encourage our National Cancer Screening Register to explore this with the participating colposcopists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H J Tan
- Department of Oncology & Dysplasia, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah Neesham
- Department of Oncology & Dysplasia, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Szabo
- Department of Oncology & Dysplasia, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalia Khomko
- Department of Oncology & Dysplasia, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Desiree Yap
- Department of Oncology & Dysplasia, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C David H Wrede
- Department of Oncology & Dysplasia, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan JY, Tan YC, Yap D. Readability and quality of online patient health information on parotidectomy. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:1378-1383. [PMID: 37606526 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complications of parotidectomy can have a massive impact on patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the readability and quality of online health information on parotidectomy. METHOD The search terms 'parotidectomy', 'parotid surgery', 'parotidectomy patient information' and 'parotid surgery patient information' were parsed through three popular search engines. RESULTS The websites were analysed using readability scores of the Flesch Reading Ease test and the Gunning Fog Index. The DISCERN instrument was used to assess quality and reliability. The average Flesch Reading Ease score was 50.2 ± 9.0, indicating that the materials were fairly difficult to read, the Gunning Fog Index score showed that the patient health information was suitable for an individual above 12th grade level, and the DISCERN score indicated that the online patient health information had fair quality. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in Flesch Reading Ease and DISCERN tool scores according to website category (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Current online patient health information on parotidectomy is too difficult for the public to understand, and it exceeds the reading levels recommended by Health Education England and the American Medical Association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Y C Tan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK
| | - D Yap
- Department of Otolaryngology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song M, Day T, Kliman L, Otton G, Yap D, Pagano R, Tan Y, Scurry J. Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis and Plasma Cell Vulvitis Represent a Spectrum of Hemorrhagic Vestibulovaginitis. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022; 26:60-67. [PMID: 34928254 PMCID: PMC8719513 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify whether desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV) and plasma cell vulvitis (PCV) are distinct clinicopathologic entities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pathology database identified biopsies described as "vaginitis" or "vulvitis" occurring in nonkeratinized epithelium or mucocutaneous junction. Exclusions were age less than 18 years, unavailable slides or records, concurrent neoplasia, or histopathology consistent with other entities. Clinical data included demographics, symptoms, examination, microbiology, treatment, and response. Histopathologic review documented site, epithelial thickness and characteristics, infiltrate, and vascular abnormalities. Cases were analyzed according to histopathologic impression of DIV or PCV based on previous pathologic descriptions. RESULTS There were 36 specimens classified as DIV and 18 as PCV from 51 women with mean age of 51 years; 3 (6%) had concurrent biopsies with both. Pain was more common in PCV, but rates of discharge, itch, and bleeding were comparable. Rates of petechiae or erythema were similar and vaginal examination was abnormal in 72% of PCV cases. All DIV and 33% of PCV occurred in squamous mucosa; the remaining PCV cases were from mucocutaneous junction. Mean epithelial thickness, rete ridge appearance, exocytosis, and spongiosis were similar in DIV and PCV. Epithelial erosion, wide-diameter lesions, plasma cells, and stromal hemosiderin occurred in both but were more common in PCV. Lymphocyte-obscured basal layer, narrow-diameter lesions, hemorrhage, and vascular congestion were seen in both, but more common and marked in DIV. CONCLUSIONS Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis and PCV have overlapping symptoms, signs, and histopathologic features. They may represent a single condition of hemorrhagic vestibulovaginitis with varying manifestations according to location and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriarm Song
- Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania Day
- Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Len Kliman
- Epworth Freemasons Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoff Otton
- Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Desiree Yap
- Private practice, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Pagano
- Vulvar Disorders and Dermatology Clinic, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yasmin Tan
- Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Scurry
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Pathology NSW, Hunter New England, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Labyrinthitis Obliterans is an inner ear condition characterised by pathological sclerosis and ossification of the membranous labyrinth as a response to inflammatory insult. It is associated with profound sensorineural hearing loss and occasionally dizziness and/or vertigo.In this case report, we describe the use of intratympanic steroid injections in a patient presenting with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) with a radiological diagnosis of Labyrinthitis Obliterans. Whilst many studies suggest the role of oral steroids in SSNHL, there is no current evidence regarding the role of intratympanic steroid injections specifically for the treatment of this condition.
Case Presentation
A 60-year-old gentleman was referred to ENT with a 3-day history of sudden right sided hearing loss. There was no improvement in his Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) results after 7 days of oral Prednisolone. Subsequently, an MRI Internal Acoustic Meatus showed evidence of right sided Labyrinthitis Obliterans. The patient was initiated on a course of intratympanic Methylprednisolone injections 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. A significant improvement in his baseline hearing of over 60dB was demonstrated after 4 courses of injections over a 3-month period.
Discussion
Our findings reveal that despite a diagnosis of Labyrinthitis Obliterans, the early use of intratympanic steroid injections can significantly improve hearing threshold and quality of life of the patient. The biggest hurdle in the management of Labyrinthitis Obliterans is establishing the diagnosis early and ensuring timely treatment, therefore we would advocate the early use of MRI and early intervention with intratympanic steroid injections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Thind
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - G C Ho
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - D Yap
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - A Hunt
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ho GC, Thind R, Yap D, Hunt A. 512 The Management of Aural Foreign Bodies During the COVID-19 Pandemic - MKUH ENT Department Experience. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524556 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, ENT UK published a clinical guide on surgical prioritisation which suggested that aural foreign bodies can be removed between one and three months from initial presentation. This case series aims to investigate the impact of leaving aural foreign bodies in situ for a prolonged period of time, including the risk of complications, success rates of subsequent removal attempts and whether foreign bodies can clear themselves without intervention. Method Retrospective study of all aural foreign body referrals to the ENT emergency clinic over a 6-month period. Results Thirty-four patients were identified. The duration of foreign bodies left in-situ ranged from 1 to 78 days. Four patients suffered from traumatic removal upon initial attempts, however there were no other significant complications. First attempts made by non-ENT specialists (68.8%) all failed and were associated with a high risk of trauma (36.4%). The chances of successful removal on second attempt (28.6%) reduced dramatically when compared to the first attempt (52.9%). Two patients had no foreign body visualised upon second attempt, suggesting it has cleared itself. A total of 7 patients (20.6%) required removal under general anaesthesia. Conclusions Due to the unique circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, this is the first case series to look specifically at the relationship between duration of aural foreign bodies left in situ for over 30 days from presentation and the risk of complications. Our data suggests that prolonged duration did not increase the incidence of complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Ho
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - R Thind
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - D Yap
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - A Hunt
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan N, Yap D, Tan B, Teo Y, Tan V, See A, Toh S. 158P Obstructive sleep apnea and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
7
|
Abstract
Head and neck tumour thrombus is a rare pathology and at present there are no reported cases of tumour thrombus secondary to acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. We report a case of an 81-year-old man with an acinic cell carcinoma of the left parotid and an intravenous tumour thrombus extending from the retromandibular vein into the internal jugular vein. This case also highlights the importance of radiological imaging in the management of tumour thrombus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Yap
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, UK
| | - A Dragan
- Department of Radiology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - A Weller
- Department of Radiology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - T Tatla
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yap D, Thong K, Yung S, Tang C, Ma B, Chan T. SUN-043 CLINICAL ASSOCIATIONS OUTCOMES OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES IN LUPUS NEPHRITIS. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
9
|
Abstract
Small bowel obstruction is the most common surgical emergency after a patient has had abdominal surgery. However, Boerhaave syndrome secondary to an ileostomy obstruction has not been reported in current literature. We present a rare case of two concurrent surgical emergencies in a patient with Boerhaave syndrome and small bowel obstruction. A 38-year-old woman presented with sudden onset severe central chest pain associated with breathlessness. She had a history of Crohn's disease, which had been treated with pancolectomy and ileostomy. Clinical examination showed an extensive palpable surgical emphysema extending from the neck to the pelvis with a distended abdomen. Computed tomography contrast of the chest and abdomen reported bilateral pneumothoraces, ruptured oesophagus and distended small bowel secondary to obstruction at the ileostomy. She was referred to the nearest cardiothoracic centre for an urgent assessment. Unfortunately she passed away shortly after the scan. Ruptured oesophagus is associated with a high mobidity and mortality if it is not recognised, so early diagnosis and prompt treatment is crucial in reducing the mortality rate. There is a strong association between stoma formation and incidence of small bowel obstruction but no difference between an ileostomy and colostomy. This case helps to illustrate the challenging management of chronic recurring abdominal obstruction and the delicate balance of risk of complication versus benefit of various management being surgical or conservative. All general surgeons should be wary of the potential complication of oesophageal perforation secondary to intestinal obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Yap
- Emergency Department, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK
| | - M Ng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - N Mbakada
- Emergency Department, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yap D, Goddard S, Ng M, Al-Hussaini A, Owens D. An animal tissue simulation assessing three directional displacement forces on five common tracheostomy securing techniques. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:459-463. [PMID: 29692192 PMCID: PMC6111910 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several methods of securing a tracheostomy tube have been described in the literature including using ties or tapes around the neck and suturing the plastic flange to the neck in various ways. However, there are no wet lab-based studies to objectively determine the force required to displace the tracheostomy tube using different securing techniques. Ours is the first animal tissue simulation study published in the literature. Methods A simulated tracheostomy stoma was created on a sheep neck model. A tracheostomy tube was inserted into the stoma and secured using various methods. Tension tests were conducted to significantly displace the tube from the stoma. Each technique was repeated six times on different sheep necks. All results were analysed using SPSS®. Results Repeat measurements indicated that the largest displacement forces come from an oblique direction while the lowest force values were found at the lateral angle. Averages of displacement showed that medially placed sutures required the largest forces in comparison with other securing methods. Wilcoxon signed-rank testing indicated that medial and continuous suture security resists displacement at forces that otherwise displace flange and interrupted sutures. Conclusions This study has shown that any type of securing suture requires a greater displacement force than the strap of the tracheostomy tube holder alone. Medially placed sutures require a greater displacement force than those placed laterally. Displacement in the lateral direction requires the least force in comparison with movement at perpendicular or oblique angles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Yap
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
| | - S Goddard
- Welsh Institute for Minimal Access Therapy, UK
| | - M Ng
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | | | - D Owens
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yap D, Goddard S, Ng M, Owens D. “Does it Matter Where I Put My Tracheostomy Secure Suture?” An Animal Tissue Simulation Lab Study on Dislodgement Force in Various Tracheostomy Securing Techniques. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Chen Y, Liu J, Au W, Zhen Z, Yap D, Lau C, Tse H, Yiu K. P5427Cardiorenal syndrome in patients with valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
13
|
Yap D, Shakir A, Costello R, Browning S. Fitness to drive-How well do we know the rules? Survey of 19 ENT surgeons in Wales. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:1078-1081. [PMID: 28207987 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Yap
- Department of ENT, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK
| | - A Shakir
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - R Costello
- Department of ENT, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK
| | - S Browning
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sore throat and tonsillitis place a significant burden on the National Health Service. National guideline criteria for gauging the severity of sore throat and tonsillitis have reduced the number of tonsillectomies performed, which is thought to have increased the rate of tonsil-related infections. METHODS Data was extracted from the prospective Patient Episode Database of Wales and analysed to determine the annual number of tonsillectomies for recurrent tonsillitis, adjusted for population changes. Admissions to acute hospitals for tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck space abscesses were also examined. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2014, hospital admissions for tonsillitis rose three-fold (r=0.968), while admissions for peritonsillar abscess rose by 48% (r=0.857) and retro or parapharyngeal abscess admissions also increased (r=0.709). In contrast, the number of tonsillectomies per 100,000 population gradually decreased (r=-0.16). There was a positive correlation between the incidence of tonsillitis and admissions for peritonsillar abscess (adjusted r2 0.631; p=0.015) and retropharyngeal abscess (adjusted r2 0.442; p=0.00254). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the incidence of tonsillitis and the number of tonsillectomies performed (adjusted r2=-0.07; p=0.0235). CONCLUSIONS The significant rise in tonsillitis in Wales raises the question as to whether we should revisit the criteria for tonsillectomy. The perceived cost saving from limiting certain procedures should not prevent healthcare policymakers from considering all other evidence. The rise in peritonsillar, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess is alarming, as they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Yap
- Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board , Newport , Wales
| | - A S Harris
- Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board , Newport , Wales
| | - J Clarke
- Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board , Newport , Wales
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yap D, Harris A, Clarke J. Are we not doing enough? Rise in acute tonsillitis and deep neck abscesses in wales. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Introduction Malrotation of the midgut and appendiceal mucocoele are both extremely rare pathological conditions in adults. To our knowledge, there are only two reported cases in the English literature with a combination of both conditions. Case History A 65-year-old man presented with a 10-day history of upper abdominal pain associated with abdominal bloating and weight loss. He was otherwise fit and healthy with no significant past medical history. On examination, his abdomen was soft with tenderness and palpable fullness over the left upper quadrant. The initial blood test, chest x-ray and abdominal x-ray demonstrated no significant abnormality. Computed tomography showed a 17cm x 8cm x 6cm elongated cystic mass with possible malrotation of the intestines. Histopathology showed a low grade mucinous tumour of the appendix. At 12 months following surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence or postoperative complications and the patient was discharged from the care of the colorectal team. Conclusions We report a patient with a combination of two rare conditions. This case illustrates how a combination of pathologies can present a challenge to the unwary general surgeon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Yap
- Royal Gwent Hospital , Newport , UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yap D, Liang X, Garland SM, Hartley S, Gorelik A, Ogilvie G, Tan J, Wrede CDH, Jayasinghe Y. Clinicians' attitude towards changes in Australian National Cervical Screening Program. J Clin Virol 2016; 76 Suppl 1:S81-S87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- D. Yap
- a Atmospheric Environment Service , Downsview, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors regulates the expression of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle control, DNA replication and apoptosis. We show here that E2F-1 binds in vivo the promoters of ASPP1 and ASPP2 genes, two activators of p53-mediated apoptosis, E2F-1, E2F-2 and E2F-3 all activate the isolated ASPP1 and ASPP2 promoters. Overexpression or deregulation of E2F-1 increased the expression levels of ASPP1 and ASPP2 mRNA and proteins. The identification of ASPP1 and ASPP2 genes as transcriptional targets of E2F provides another mechanism by which E2F cooperates with p53 to induce apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Fogal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London, 91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reid N, Misra PK, Bloxam R, Yap D, Rao ST, Civerolo K, Brankov E, Vet RJ. Do we understand trends in atmospheric sulfur species? J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2001; 51:1561-1567. [PMID: 11720103 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2001.10464384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anomalies appear to exist in our understanding of atmospheric sulfur compounds, specifically as evidenced in the time trends of the different chemical forms of these compounds. Trends determined at a number of locations by several different groups seem to indicate that, responding to emission reductions across North America, the concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere is declining more rapidly than that of aerosol SO4(2-). A number of possible reasons for this discrepancy are examined, but it is not possible to provide a definitive answer at this stage. The intent is to stimulate debate, because shortcomings in our understanding of the processes involved could have profound implications for the credibility of abatement strategies and policies for both acid deposition and fine particulate matter (PM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Reid
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
An S, Yap D, Knox KA. Ligation of CD40 potentiates Fas-mediated activation of the cysteine protease CPP32, cleavage of its death substrate PARP, and apoptosis in Ramos-Burkitt lymphoma B cells. Cell Immunol 1997; 181:139-52. [PMID: 9398401 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1997.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and survival of a B cell population is necessarily tightly controlled to prevent the arisal of malignancy or autoimmunity. The expansion or elimination of a B cell clone is determined through a complex interaction of the tumour necrosis factor receptor/nerve growth factor receptor family members CD40 and Fas, which are expressed on the B cell surface, with their respective physiological ligands (CD40L and FasL) expressed on the surface of CD4+ T cells. The regulation of B cell growth by signals transduced through CD40 and Fas contributes to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and likely takes place and in the germinal centres (GC) of secondary lymphoid tissues. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the expression of Fas and B cell survival following engagement of CD40 and Fas in the Epstein-Barr virus-genome-negative Ramos-Burkitt lymphoma (Ramos-BL) B cell line model of GC B lymphocyte selection during maturation of the humoral immune response. We now present evidence that Ramos-BL B cells constitutively express both Fas and FasL on their surface and that expression of Fas, but not FasL, is enhanced following ligation of CD40. Coligation of CD40 and Fas, triggers for growth inhibition, activation of the interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme, now caspase, family member CPP32 (caspase-3) but not Ich-1L (caspase-2), cleavage of its death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and apoptosis from the G1 phase of cell cycle; engagement of Fas alone fails to trigger for growth inhibition and apoptosis but enhances AgR-mediated cellular death. This CD40-potentiated Fas-triggered growth inhibition and apoptosis occurs in the presence of CD40-induced expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Taken together, these data indicate that ligation of CD40 facilitates efficient coupling of Fas to the caspase-mediated pathway of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S An
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
Yap D, Johnson LM. Coupling between successive Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide bends and branches. Appl Opt 1984; 23:2991. [PMID: 18213111 DOI: 10.1364/ao.23.002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
26
|
Johnson LM, Yap D. Theoretical analysis of coherently coupled optical waveguide bends. Appl Opt 1984; 23:2988. [PMID: 18213110 DOI: 10.1364/ao.23.002988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
27
|
|