1
|
Klein DH, Mohamoud I, Olanisa OO, Parab P, Chaudhary P, Mukhtar S, Moradi A, Kodali A, Okoye C, Arcia Franchini AP. Impact of School-Based Interventions on Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43153. [PMID: 37692730 PMCID: PMC10484325 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem with significant implications for the health and well-being of children. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing every decade, making it a recognized public health concern. This systematic review aims to explore and evaluate the impact of school-based interventions on reducing pediatric obesity among school-aged children. A systematic review of literature according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 was conducted. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane were the databases used. After screening for bias, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality, 27 studies were included in the systematic review, and data were synthesized. The results show that physical activity reduces obesity and improves cardiovascular health. The nutritional change reduces the risk of obesity more than physical activity alone. When blended, the two provide the most benefits for participants. Motivation, self-efficacy, and behavioral change could help maintain the improvements. Schools should adopt a blend of physical activity and nutritional change to reduce prevent, reduce, and manage obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhadon H Klein
- Internal Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Iman Mohamoud
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Olawale O Olanisa
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Panah Parab
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Priti Chaudhary
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sonia Mukhtar
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ali Moradi
- Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HUN
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Athri Kodali
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chiugo Okoye
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ana P Arcia Franchini
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee CK, Ramcharan DN, Alaimo KL, Velez V, Risden AE, Klein DH, Garcia O, Joshi V, Jorge JM. Cholecystoduodenal Fistula Evading Imaging and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e20049. [PMID: 34987929 PMCID: PMC8717936 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystoduodenal fistulas are a type of internal biliary fistula that occur due to chronic inflammation of the gallbladder/biliary tree; if left untreated, perforation and necrosis can occur. Cholecystoduodenal fistulas are often difficult to diagnose due to their non-specific signs and symptoms. Since the widespread use of techniques such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and imaging modalities such as computed tomography, the frequency of reports describing intraoperative cholecystoduodenal fistula has reduced dramatically. Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old female who presented with a two-day history of non-radiating epigastric abdominal pain, initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis. Upon undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, she was found to have extensive fibrosis of the gallbladder, adhesions, and an impacted gallstone in the wall of the gallbladder. Imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed prior to surgery did not detect a cholecystoduodenal fistula that was discovered intraoperatively. She was treated successfully with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and repair of the duodenum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Lee
- Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| | - Darren N Ramcharan
- Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| | - Kayla L Alaimo
- Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| | - Veronica Velez
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
- Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
| | - Anika E Risden
- Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| | - Dhadon H Klein
- Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| | - Osbaldo Garcia
- Internal Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, USA
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| | - Vaidehi Joshi
- Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
- Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| | - Juaquito M Jorge
- General and Bariatric Surgery, West Suburban Medical Center, Oak Park, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klein DH. Good vs. bad managed care. Inquiry 1997; 34:3-4. [PMID: 9146501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
4
|
Pierce GA, Kauffman HM, Ellison MD, Edwards EB, Klein DH, Wolf JS, Graham WK, Daily OP. UNOS Scientific Registry: present and future. United Network for Organ Sharing. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2355-7. [PMID: 8769252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
5
|
Ni Y, Klein DH, Song D. Recent developments in pharmacokinetic modeling of perfluorocarbon emulsions. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 1996; 24:81-90. [PMID: 8907688 DOI: 10.3109/10731199609118876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions are potential oxygen carriers. This study is to investigate pharmacokinetic compartment models and physiologically based models, which correlate the distribution of PFC emulsion in the blood, reticuloendothelial system (RES) tissues and non-RES tissues with the excretion data. The models are evaluated by nonlinear regression analysis (using PCNONLIN software) with expiration data from animal following an i.v. injection of a concentrated perflubron emulsion. One model with four compartments (representing PFC emulsion in blood, RES tissues, non-RES tissues, and PFC solubilized in blood) meets the mathematical and physical criteria. The physiological modeling provides insight of physiological mechanisms. The relationship between the compartment model parameters (rate constants) and physiological parameters (tissue volumes, flow rates, etc.) is presented. An advantage of physiological model is that prediction may be made in interspecies scaling. The above two kinds of modeling are useful in many applications, e.g. to describe and predict the time course of PFC disposition throughout the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klein DH, Graham WK, Kauffman HM, Wolf JS, Daily OP, Stockdreher DD, Boyd K, Hall S, Aeder M. Streamlining the donor organ placement process: use of portable computers in the field. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:217-8. [PMID: 8644186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D H Klein
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klein DH. A meat ax or a scalpel? A proposal for Medicare reform. Inquiry 1996; 33:299-300. [PMID: 9031644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
8
|
Arlauskas RA, Klein DH, Weers JG. Analysis of Ostwald ripening in fluorocarbon emulsions by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 1994; 22:1317-23. [PMID: 7849939 DOI: 10.3109/10731199409138832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Ostwald ripening mechanism has been studied using sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF). It has been shown that significant partitioning between different sized droplets occurs for two component disperse phase emulsions, when one of the components is virtually insoluble in the continuous phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Arlauskas
- Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keipert PE, Otto S, Flaim SF, Weers JG, Schutt EA, Pelura TJ, Klein DH, Yaksh TL. Influence of perflubron emulsion particle size on blood half-life and febrile response in rats. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 1994; 22:1169-74. [PMID: 7849919 DOI: 10.3109/10731199409138812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsions are particulate in nature and, as such, can cause delayed febrile reactions when injected intravenously. This study investigated the influence of emulsion particle size on intravascular retention and on body temperature changes in unrestrained conscious rats. Concentrated (60% to 90% w/v) emulsions based on perflubron (perfluorooctyl bromide [PFOB]) with mean particle sizes ranging from 0.05 microns to 0.63 microns were tested. Rats were fitted with a chronic jugular catheter and an abdominal body temperature telemetry unit. Fully recovered, conscious rats were monitored for 24 hours after infusion (dose = 2.7 g PFC/kg). Emulsion blood half-life (T1/2) was determined from blood perflubron levels measured by gas chromatography. Emulsions with a particle size of 0.2-0.3 microns caused fevers (6 to 8 hour duration) which peaked at 1-1.5 degrees C above normal (approximately 37.5 degrees C). Fevers could be blocked by i.v. treatment with either cyclooxygenase inhibitors (ibuprofen) or corticosteroids (dexamethasone). Both intensity and duration of the temperature response, quantified by area under the temperature curve, was decreased significantly for emulsions with a particle size < or = 0.12 micron. Blood T1/2 varied inversely with particle size, and was 3 to 4 fold longer for emulsions with a mean particle size < or = 0.2 micron. Thus, smaller emulsion particles more effectively evaded the reticuloendothelial system, which resulted in longer intravascular retention, less macrophage activity, and reduced febrile responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Keipert
- Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, CA 92121
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Klein DH, Burtner DB, Trevino LA, Arlauskas RA. Particle size distribution of concentrated perfluorocarbon emulsions by sedimentation field flow fractionation. Biomater Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol 1992; 20:859-64. [PMID: 1391524 DOI: 10.3109/10731199209119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp's concentrated perflubron (perfluorooctylbromide; PFOB) emulsions are being developed for several medical applications. Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation (SdFFF) can provide accurate particle size distribution data when properly calibrated for those emulsions. Since no suitable particle standards are available with the proper density (approximately 1.9 g/cc) and size range (diameter = 0.1-1.0 microns), calibration of the mass distribution was done by comparing the SdFFF detector signal with the actual mass of perflubron extracted from fractions eluted at successive time points and measured by GC. The calibrated mass distribution can then be used to calibrate other instruments such as the photosedimentation instruments used for routine quality assurance measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Klein
- Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Riess JG, Dalfors JL, Hanna GK, Klein DH, Krafft MP, Pelura TJ, Schutt EG. Development of highly fluid, concentrated and stable fluorocarbon emulsions for diagnosis and therapy. Biomater Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol 1992; 20:839-42. [PMID: 1391519 DOI: 10.3109/10731199209119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A challenging aim in developing injectable fluorocarbon emulsions is to combine good flow characteristics (especially at low shear rates) with the high fluorocarbon concentration required for high oxygen delivery or effective contrast in imaging, long shelf life, and biological acceptability. A good balance of these sometimes conflicting objectives has been achieved with 90% w/v concentrated emulsions of various fluorocarbons, including the radiopaque oxygen carrier perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB, perflubron). The sterile emulsions have viscosities of about 20 cPs at a shear rate of 1 sec-1; the viscosity decreases rapidly with fluorocarbon concentration, and at 60% w/v the viscosity is less than that of human blood. The emulsions are suitable for injection as prepared, and are stable unfrozen for over a year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Riess
- Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Davidson SM, Wacker RC, Klein DH. Professional Standards Review Organizations. A critique. JAMA 1973; 226:1106-8. [PMID: 4584353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|