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Matheoud D, Cannon T, Voisin A, Penttinen AM, Ramet L, Fahmy AM, Ducrot C, Laplante A, Bourque MJ, Zhu L, Cayrol R, Le Campion A, McBride HM, Gruenheid S, Trudeau LE, Desjardins M. Intestinal infection triggers Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in Pink1 -/- mice. Nature 2019; 571:565-569. [PMID: 31316206 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms linked to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta. Although the mechanisms that trigger the loss of dopaminergic neurons are unclear, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are thought to have key roles1,2. An early-onset form of Parkinson's disease is associated with mutations in the PINK1 kinase and PRKN ubiquitin ligase genes3. PINK1 and Parkin (encoded by PRKN) are involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria in cultured cells4, but recent evidence obtained using knockout and knockin mouse models have led to contradictory results regarding the contributions of PINK1 and Parkin to mitophagy in vivo5-8. It has previously been shown that PINK1 and Parkin have a key role in adaptive immunity by repressing presentation of mitochondrial antigens9, which suggests that autoimmune mechanisms participate in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. Here we show that intestinal infection with Gram-negative bacteria in Pink1-/- mice engages mitochondrial antigen presentation and autoimmune mechanisms that elicit the establishment of cytotoxic mitochondria-specific CD8+ T cells in the periphery and in the brain. Notably, these mice show a sharp decrease in the density of dopaminergic axonal varicosities in the striatum and are affected by motor impairment that is reversed after treatment with L-DOPA. These data support the idea that PINK1 is a repressor of the immune system, and provide a pathophysiological model in which intestinal infection acts as a triggering event in Parkinson's disease, which highlights the relevance of the gut-brain axis in the disease10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matheoud
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Neurosciences, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tyler Cannon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurore Voisin
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Département de Neurosciences, GRSNC, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna-Maija Penttinen
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Département de Neurosciences, GRSNC, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lauriane Ramet
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Département de Neurosciences, GRSNC, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Fahmy
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Département de Neurosciences, GRSNC, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Laplante
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Département de Neurosciences, GRSNC, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Armelle Le Campion
- Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Département de Neurosciences, GRSNC, Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Michel Desjardins
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Matheoud D, Cannon T, Voisin A, Penttinen AM, Ramet L, Fahmy A, Ducrot C, Laplante A, Bourque MJ, Zhu L, Le Campion A, McBride H, Gruenheid S, Trudeau LE, Desjardins M. Parkinson’s disease related proteins PINK1 and Parkin are major regulators of the immune system. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.177.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder linked to the loss of dopaminergic neurons (DN) in the substantia nigra. Although the mechanisms triggering the loss of DN are unclear, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are viewed as playing a key role. PINK1 and Parkin are major regulators of mitophagy and failure in this pathway in DNs is hypothesized to enhanced oxidative stress and cause cell death. However, we showed that PINK1 and Parkin play also a role in adaptive immunity by repressing mitochondrial antigen presentation (MitAP) (Matheoud et al., Cell 2016), suggesting that autoimmune mechanisms participate in the aetiology of PD. Here, following on the finding that LPS triggers MitAP in vitro and in vivo, we present evidence that intestinal infection with Gram - bacteria in Pink1 KO mice increases the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activates MitAP and induces autoimmune mechanisms eliciting the activation of cytotoxic mitochondria-specific CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, infection in these mice also leads to the emergence of severe motor impairment, reversed by L-DOPA treatment, accompanied by a sharp decrease in the density of dopaminergic axonal varicosities in the striatum. These data support the role of PINK1 as a modulator of the immune system and provide a new pathophysiological model where intestinal infection acts as a triggering event in PD, highlighting the relevance of the gut-brain axis in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matheoud
- 1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Canada
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Giguère N, Pacelli C, Saumure C, Bourque MJ, Matheoud D, Levesque D, Slack RS, Park DS, Trudeau LÉ. Comparative analysis of Parkinson's disease-associated genes in mice reveals altered survival and bioenergetics of Parkin-deficient dopamine neurons. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9580-9593. [PMID: 29700116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mutations in genes encoding proteins such as Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), protein deglycase DJ-1 (DJ-1 or PARK7), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and α-synuclein have been linked to familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The consequences of these mutations, such as altered mitochondrial function and pathological protein aggregation, are starting to be better understood. However, little is known about the mechanisms explaining why alterations in such diverse cellular processes lead to the selective loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SNc) in the brain of individuals with PD. Recent work has shown that one of the reasons for the high vulnerability of SNc DA neurons is their high basal rate of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), resulting from their highly complex axonal arborization. Here, we examined whether axonal growth and basal mitochondrial function are altered in SNc DA neurons from Parkin-, Pink1-, or DJ-1-KO mice. We provide evidence for increased basal OXPHOS in Parkin-KO DA neurons and for reduced survival of DA neurons that have a complex axonal arbor. The surviving smaller neurons exhibited reduced vulnerability to the DA neurotoxin and mitochondrial complex I inhibitor MPP+, and this reduction was associated with reduced expression of the DA transporter. Finally, we found that glial cells play a role in the reduced resilience of DA neurons in these mice and that WT Parkin overexpression rescues this phenotype. Our results provide critical insights into the complex relationship between mitochondrial function, axonal growth, and genetic risk factors for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Giguère
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology and.,Neurosciences
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Caroline Saumure
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology and.,Neurosciences
| | | | - Diana Matheoud
- Neurosciences.,the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Québec, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Daniel Levesque
- the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montreal H4T 1J4, Canada.,the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montreal H4T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ruth S Slack
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1M 8M5, Canada
| | - David S Park
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1M 8M5, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology and .,Neurosciences.,the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montreal H4T 1J4, Canada.,Central Nervous System Research Group (GRSNC), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montreal H4T 1J4, Canada
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Matheoud D, Sugiura A, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Laplante A, Rondeau C, Chemali M, Fazel A, Bergeron JJ, Trudeau LE, Burelle Y, Gagnon E, McBride HM, Desjardins M. Parkinson's Disease-Related Proteins PINK1 and Parkin Repress Mitochondrial Antigen Presentation. Cell 2016; 166:314-327. [PMID: 27345367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antigen presentation is essential for establishing immune tolerance and for immune responses against infectious disease and cancer. Although antigen presentation can be mediated by autophagy, here we demonstrate a pathway for mitochondrial antigen presentation (MitAP) that relies on the generation and trafficking of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) rather than on autophagy/mitophagy. We find that PINK1 and Parkin, two mitochondrial proteins linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), actively inhibit MDV formation and MitAP. In absence of PINK1 or Parkin, inflammatory conditions trigger MitAP in immune cells, both in vitro and in vivo. MitAP and the formation of MDVs require Rab9 and Sorting nexin 9, whose recruitment to mitochondria is inhibited by Parkin. The identification of PINK1 and Parkin as suppressors of an immune-response-eliciting pathway provoked by inflammation suggests new insights into PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matheoud
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ayumu Sugiura
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Angélique Bellemare-Pelletier
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Annie Laplante
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christiane Rondeau
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Magali Chemali
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ali Fazel
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - John J Bergeron
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Michel Desjardins
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Matheoud D, Moradin N, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Shio MT, Hong WJ, Olivier M, Gagnon E, Desjardins M, Descoteaux A. Leishmania evades host immunity by inhibiting antigen cross-presentation through direct cleavage of the SNARE VAMP8. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 14:15-25. [PMID: 23870310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During phagocytosis, microorganisms are taken up by immune cells into phagosomes. Through membrane-trafficking events mediated by SNARE proteins, phagosomes fuse with lysosomes, generating degradative phagolysosomes. Phagolysosomes contribute to host immunity by linking microbial killing within these organelles with antigen processing for presentation on MHC class I or II molecules to T cells. We show that the intracellular parasite Leishmania evades immune recognition by inhibiting phagolysosome biogenesis. The Leishmania cell surface metalloprotease GP63 cleaves a subset of SNAREs, including VAMP8. GP63-mediated VAMP8 inactivation or Vamp8 disruption prevents the NADPH oxidase complex from assembling on phagosomes, thus altering their pH and degradative properties. Consequently, the presentation of exogenous Leishmania antigens on MHC class I molecules, also known as cross-presentation, is inhibited, resulting in reduced T cell activation. These findings indicate that Leishmania subverts immune recognition by altering phagosome function and highlight the importance of VAMP8 in phagosome biogenesis and antigen cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matheoud
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Matheoud D, Baey C, Vimeux L, Tempez A, Valente M, Louche P, Le Bon A, Hosmalin A, Feuillet V. Dendritic cells crosspresent antigens from live B16 cells more efficiently than from apoptotic cells and protect from melanoma in a therapeutic model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19104. [PMID: 21552572 PMCID: PMC3084260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are able to elicit anti-tumoral CD8+ T cell responses by cross-presenting exogenous antigens in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Therefore they are crucial actors in cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Although apoptotic cells are usually considered to be the best source of antigens, live cells are also able to provide antigens for cross-presentation by DC. We have recently shown that prophylactic immunotherapy by DC after capture of antigens from live B16 melanoma cells induced strong CD8+ T-cell responses and protection against a lethal tumor challenge in vivo in C57Bl/6 mice. Here, we showed that DC cross-presenting antigens from live B16 cells can also inhibit melanoma lung dissemination in a therapeutic protocol in mice. DC were first incubated with live tumor cells for antigen uptake and processing, then purified and irradiated for safety prior to injection. This treatment induced stronger tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses than treatment by DC cross-presenting antigens from apoptotic cells. Apoptotic B16 cells induced more IL-10 secretion by DC than live B16 cells. They underwent strong native antigen degradation and led to the expression of fewer MHC class I/epitope complexes on the surface of DC than live cells. Therefore, the possibility to use live cells as sources of tumor antigens must be taken into account to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matheoud
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Camille Baey
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Andy Tempez
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Michael Valente
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Louche
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Le Bon
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (AH); (VF)
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (AH); (VF)
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Hoeffel G, Ripoche AC, Matheoud D, Nascimbeni M, Escriou N, Lebon P, Heshmati F, Guillet JG, Gannagé M, Caillat-Zucman S, Casartelli N, Schwartz O, De la Salle H, Hanau D, Hosmalin A, Marañón C. Antigen crosspresentation by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunity 2007; 27:481-92. [PMID: 17869134 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crosspresentation is a specialized function of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), allowing them to induce CD8+ T cell responses against exogenous antigens that are not directly produced in their cytotosol. Human plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are not considered so far as able to perform crosspresentation. We showed here that purified human pDCs crosspresented vaccinal lipopeptides and HIV-1 antigens from apoptotic cells to specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Apoptotic debris were internalized by phagocytosis and the lipopeptide LPPol reached nonacidic endosomes. This crosspresentation was amplified upon influenza virus infection. Importantly, the efficiency of crosspresentation by pDCs was comparable to that of mDCs. This property of human pDCs needs to be taken into account to understand the pathogenesis of infectious, allergic, or autimmune diseases and to help achieve desired responses during vaccination by targeting specifically either type of DCs.
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